A pencil Listeni/ˈpɛnsəl/ is a writing implement or art medium constructed of a narrow, solid pigment core inside a protective casing which prevents the core from being broken or leaving marks on the user’s hand during use.
Pencils create marks by physical abrasion, leaving behind a trail of solid core material that adheres to a sheet of paper or other surface. They are distinct from pens, which instead disperse a trail of liquid or gel ink that stains the light colour of the paper.
Most pencil cores are made of graphite mixed with a clay binder which leaves grey or black marks that can be easily erased. Graphite pencils are used for both writing and drawing and result in durable markings: though writing is easily removable with an eraser,
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By 1870, The Joseph Dixon Crucible Company was the world’s largest dealer and consumer of graphite and later became the contemporary Dixon Ticonderoga pencil and art supplies company.[18][19]
By the end of the 19th century over 240,000 pencils were used each day in the US. The favoured timber for pencils was Red Cedar as it was aromatic and did not splinter when sharpened. In the early 20th century supplies of Red Cedar were dwindling so that pencil manufacturers were forced to recycle the wood from cedar fences and barns to maintain supply.
One effect of this was that "during World War II rotary pencil sharpeners were outlawed in Britain because they wasted so much scarce lead and wood, and pencils had to be sharpened in the more conservative manner – with knives."[20]
It was soon discovered that Incense cedar, when dyed and perfumed to resemble Red Cedar, was a suitable alternative and most pencils today are made from this timber which is grown in managed forests. Over 14 billion pencils are manufactured worldwide annually.[21] Less popular alternatives to cedar include basswood and
something on the end of a pencil. That was the night that I started to figure and configure, contemplate, and computate just how I might leave my delible mark on this life” (Inquisitors and Insurgents). The pencil has been a life giving force, a fountain of life, a symbol of readiness and ability to write. Her professor and mentor Dr. Gloria Wade Gayles encouraged her to show her poems to Nikki Giovanni who corrected them with a red pen but assured Finney that something good was about to happen. She spent two years attending Toni Cade Bambara workshop with a pencil and paper. She stresses the metaphor of sharpened thought “The more I pencil-dig down,
Herring said: “I immediately realized that this was the perfect place to draw,” he recalled. “I went above ground to a card shop and bought a box of white chalk, went back down and did a drawing…”1 Furthermore, chalk itself proved an ideal medium for the “continuous line” that was the artist’s objective. Keith used Words like “flow” and “fluidity” reference to his own work. Those who watched him draw were regularly astonished by the speed and accuracy of his line, whether he was drawing on dollar bills, ersatz Greek vases, the body of Grace Jones, or a youthful fan’s skateboard. And like Matisse, he never erased or
To start with, the first separation technique we performed on the heterogeneous mixture was filtration. According to our observations of the residue, we believed graphite was one of the substances in the mixture. Graphite, a known ingredient used in pencils, is black or dark grey in color, like the dark spots on the filter paper (Figure 1B), and has the ability to leave marks on paper and other objects. Of the potential components given to us, only graphite possessed the ability to make a mark on other surfaces. This was supported by the smudges left behind on our finger and filter paper (Figure 1A, bottom filter paper) when we touched the residue.
A pen and a pencil are not merely tools used to create something, it’s a barrier between the actual artists and their work; stated an artist called Brent Sommerhauser. One of his artworks is called “Arch,” and it technically wasn’t even created by him; Sommerhauser created a machine that produced what he calls “Arch.” The machine was a vacuum like cylinder that would create a small wind storm inside the cylinder when activated. Sommerhasuer would tape paper on the inside of the cylinder and would toss in pencils after. He watched as the pencils would rotate around, leaving bits of graphite marks on his sheet of paper. Many trials later, “Arch” was created. “Arch,” can be described as a steep hill losing altitude as you look to your right, after
With the swarm of technology, handwriting, a vital skill, may be on the brink of extinction, despite that it is able to create a “model citizen, assimilate immigrants, and even reform juvenile delinquents” (Korper). Believe it or not: handwriting is important. However, the debate about handwriting is still questionable. Handwriting allows for effective memory retention and is an significant and unique action to develop certain regions of your brain (Grossberg). However, handwriting is also outdated and lacks the agility of the keyboard (Korper). Nonetheless, some of these positive aspects of handwriting are largely due to the ‘drill’ factor emphasized in the Palmer Method of handwriting used present day (Korper).
...” would not have been possible if my series of drawing had been created traditionally in charcoal or graphite – thus by pushing the boundaries of Oxfords definition of drawing, while still creating this work as a drawing composed of marking lines, I have sharpened an idea and enhanced my idea that nothing of me is original.
She continues to say, “The sections of pencils present aspects of sharp and smooth for two very different textural and aesthetic experiences. Paradox and surprise are integral in my choice of materials.” Jennifer is saying in so many words that she uses color pencils to show both humbleness and warning at the same time.
Not only has writing revolutionized, nevertheless writing utensils have as well. Writing utensils have gone from bone, to clay, to pen and pencil in thousands of years. With bone, you would scratch the bone against the clay to create the letters. With clay, cuneiform was formed and written by taking a wedge utensil and make the letters on a clay tablet. And today we use pen and pencil to take notes, write down information, and communicate.
Can it really do that? Of course it can! We've tested over 100 different types of writing utensils against the Easy Eraser and all have had positive outcomes. Users have even said that the Easy Eraser has erased some poor choices too! (Like that winged eyeliner you thought looked so good.)
PURPOSE: The purpose of the experiment is to determine the specific types of pigments found in water-soluble marker pens by using paper chromatography and water as a solvent.
Mahogany could be further refined, adding value to the product and thereby increasing profit potential. There are a few carpenters in Honduras that do this work on a contractual basis with which they could form a partnership.
As early as 2,800 years before Christ, the pen was beginning to appear as a writing implement in the world. Its first form was that of a dried reed, its tip cut at an angle so to create a line of ink instead of a blot. To write with it, simply dip the cut tip of the reed into an ink supply, then gently press the dipped tip against the paper .
The preparation of making wood into a pulp for papermaking is accomplished in two different ways. In the groundwood process, blocks of wood are held against a fast revolving grindstone that shreds off short wood fibbers from the block. The fibbers produced by this process are short and are used only in the production of cheap newsprint and used to be added with other types of wood fibber in the making of high-quality paper. Another technique uses a chemical-solvent processes where wood chips are treated with solvents that remove “resinous material and lignin” from the wood, leaving pure fibbers of cellulose.
Candles have been used all the way back to 3000 B.C., when Egyptians used torches to see in the dark. The Romans would cover papyrus in beeswax or tallow to see in the church, when traveling and at their residence. In the Colonial times, women found out that they could make candles from bayberry bushes that produced wax. “In 1834, inventor Joseph Morgan helped further the modern day candle industry by developing a machine that allowed for continuous production of molded candles by using a cylinder with a movable piston to eject candles as they solidified” (National Candle Association). In the mid 1850’s, Paraffin wax, which is the main ingredient in most candles today, was invented. It was made with petroleum or oil. It was popular because
writing is made up of marks on a surface - such as this full stop at