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Aviation history essay
Essay on the history of airplanes
The creation of airplanes
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Without the federal government’s direct oversight of development in aviation, much of the technology and advancements we utilize today would not be available. Previous to the Deregulation Act of 1978, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) monitored and controlled nearly every aspect of the industry. It wasn’t until after the act was released, did the aviation industry begin seeing its true potential in transportation. By the early 1900’s, with the aviation industry just beginning, many enthusiasts experimented with the new concept of flight and quickly began improving the basic concepts of aviation. What was initially intended for hobbyists quickly became a staple for the U.S. Government in support of World War I and later the Post Office Department. Aircrafts were becoming more capable of transporting bulk supplies and to further distances. More importantly it was a means to transport time sensitive items from point to point in a fraction of the time compared to ground or water. The next several decades, provided many challenges for the aviation industry ranging from internal management, policy development, design and capabilities, and government funding. However, without the government’s interest in the program, technological improvements would not have continued to develop increasing both quantity and quality in aviation. By the end of the 1940’s and with WWII over, the eminent threat of the Cold War was just beginning. The government was riddled with the postwar development of the United States and was little position to release their hand in the industry. Still maintaining operational control, the government released the Federal Aviation Act of 1958. The purpose of this act was: “To continue the Civil Aero... ... middle of paper ... ...imary purpose now is to provide impartiality between organizations, as well as, regulate financial funding for operations and safety. The FAA’s future role will remain important in making decisions with outside governments and agencies, especially as America transitions towards a global economy. Works Cited Harris, D. B. (2004, Jan 1). Federal Aviation Act (1958). Retrieved Nov 11, 2011, from http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G2-3407400112.html Siddiqi, A. (n.a.). Deregulation and Its Consequences. Retrieved Nov 11, 2011, from U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission: http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Commercial_Aviation/Dereg/Tran8.htm Wensveen, J. G. (2007). Air Transportation: A Management Perspective (6th Edition). Brookfield: Ashgate Publishing Group. Young, S. B., & Wells, A. T. (2011). Airport Planning and Management (6th Edition). n.a.: McGraw-Hill.
During the infancy of aviation no federal safety program existed. Some states passed legislation that required aircraft licensing and registration. Local governments passed ordinances that regulated flight operations and pilots. What this created was a patchwork of safety related requirements. In 1926 Congress passed the Air Commerce Act, which created the Department of Commerce. Historically the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) dates from the Air Commerce Act of 1926. This was the first federal legislation of the government in aviation safety. The government finally realized that by regulating aviation a safer aviation industry could be attained. For example the Post Office suffered one fatality for 463,000 hours of flying versus non-regulated flying there was one fatality per 13,500 hours. As seen by regulating aviation safety is vastly increased.
On October 28, 1978, President Jimmy Carter signed in law the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978. This law amended the Federal Aviation Act of 1958. According to (Lawrence, 2004) “its purpose was to encourage, develop, and attain and air transportation system which relies on competitive market forces to determine the quality, variety, and price of air services.” The Airline Deregulation Act (ADA) was to be slowly phased in over a four-year period. As stated by (Lawrence, 2004) “it provided, among other things: For the phase-out of the CAB and its authority over domestic routes and fares, For the phase-out of existing economic regulations formerly constituting barriers to competition, Safeguards for the protection
Keen, M. and J. Strand (2007). "Indirect Taxes on International Aviation*." Fiscal Studies 28(1): 1-41.
In 1978, deregulation removed government control over fares and domestic routes. A slew of new entrants entered the market, but within 10 years, all but one airline (America West), had failed and ceased to exist. With long-term growth estimates of 4 percent for air travel, it's attractive for new firms to service the demand. It was as simple as having enough capital to lease a plane and passengers willing to pay for a seat on the plane. In recent news, the story about an 18-yr British...
On October 24, 1978, President Carter signed into law the Airline Deregulation Act. The purpose of the law was to effectively get the federal government out of the airline business. By allowing the airlines to compete for their customers' travel dollars, was the thinking, that fares would drop and an increased number of routes would spring up.
According to the International Air Transport Association, 2001 was only the second year in the history of civil aviation in which international traffic declined. Overall, it is believed that the IATA membership of airlines collectively lost more than US$12 billion during this time (Dixon, 2002).
Over the years the men and women that risk their lives by boarding planes under a false identity to protect us have been called many things. The names range from simple, “Sky Marshal” to more complicated “Civil Aviation Security Liaison Officers.” No matter what they have been called through the years one thing has always stayed the same. The United States Federal Air Marshals have always been a group of our finest law enforcement officers that give up the luxury traditional police work to sit next to crying babies and old talkative ladies all day. They do this with one goal in mind, to keep the airways safe for private citizens to enjoy the luxury of travel. “The history of the air marshals is closely rooted with the history of hijackings and bombings targeting commercial aircraft. Some of the bombings and hijackings throughout history had more of an impact than others on Federal Air Marshal tactics, manpower and security procedures. These events and the responses of those in civil aviation and the US government are essential to understand the need for air marshals as a last line of defense.” (Biles, 2013) With the rise of crime in the aviation sector the US government has gone to the Federal Air Marshals more times than not for protection of its citizens. It has not always been easy for them and they have not had the best funding around but as you will see throughout this paper, The US Federal Air Marshals have always answered when called upon.
Before we discuss government intervention and its affect on an industry’s competition we must first seek to understand the five forces framework. The theory, discussed in 1979 by Micheal Porter seeks to evaluate the attractiveness of an industry. Throughout this essay I will explore the theory and then relate government action and its well-documented affects on the airline industry.
With the creation of this new branch of the federal government came many new rules and regulations regarding every aspect of the aviation industry. One of the first acts this branch passed was an act to establish the first air traffic control centers in the United States. These centers were intended to give air traffic control while planes are in the air going to their destination. In these centers people monitored the planes positions, and used telephones to talk with the pilots, and other important airport officials. Even though most of the aviation safety was the federal government's responsibility, around the 1930's state governments operated airport towers and the federal government continued to improve safety. Also during this time many airplane crashes caused the government to question if the department was doing a...
Few things escaped the shadow cast by World War II, and the aviation industry was no exception. For 60 wearisome months, United put aside its quest for growth and
Airline and travel industry profitability has been strapped by a series of events starting with a recession in business travel after the dotcom bust, followed by 9/11, the SARS epidemic, the Iraq wars, rising aviation turbine fuel prices, and the challenge from low-cost carriers. (Narayan Pandit, 2005) The fallout from rising fuel prices has been so extreme that any efficiency gains that airlines attempted to make could not make up for structural problems where labor costs remained high and low cost competition had continued to drive down yields or average fares at leading hub airports. In the last decade, US airlines alone had a yearly average of net losses of $9.1 billion (Coombs, 2011).
In this 21 Century our life would be impossible without the use of aircrafts. We fail to realize how much airplanes tends to advance our daily lives. Airplanes are our main means of traveling out of the state, out of the country and for a few lucky ones, out of the continent. Airplanes help improve businesses and help broaden connections to other places. It gives us a connection to the outside world. Driving across several states is not very common measure. Flying saves so much more time that driving state to state became almost nonexistent for the ones that could afford it. Till this day the Boeing company still continues to lead the aerospace community. Boeing made himself a part of aerospace history while doing the things he loved the most.
Government Role: - Government is an important stakeholder for the aircraft business. Government subsidies and protection play a huge role in the aircraft business. (Discussed later in the write up)
Shortly after World War I, the U.S. Government discovered the abilities of the modern airplane and created the idea of utilizing aircraft to transport mail across the country. In 1917, Congress approved funding to experiment with the idea of delivering mail by air. By 1920, the Post Office was delivering mail across the entire country, eliminating over 22 hours in delivery times of a coast-to-coast route. With the success of the airmail service and the growing popularity of civil aviation, the U.S. Government recognized the need to develop set standards for civil aviation and in 1926 created the Air Commerce Act of 1926. The Air Commerce Act of 1926 called for the government to regulate air routes, navigation systems, pilot and aircraft licensing and investigation of accidents. The act also controlled how airlines were compensated for mail delivery. Later in 1930, Postmaster General Walter Brown made recommendations which were later known as the Watres Act which consolidated airmail routes and opened the door for longer-term contracts with the airlines. Brown handled the situation regarding new contracts poorly by only inviting a hand selected list of large airlines to the negotiation table. This move pushed smaller airlines to complain and the issue was pushed to Congress. Following congressional hearings President Roosevelt later decided Brown’s scandal was too much to deal with and canceled all mail contracts completely and handed over air mail delivery responsibility to the U.S. Army. That decision was a disaster, and one month later, air mail was handed back over to the private sector. This time, however contract bidding was more structured and fair to all. It was then clear that the airline industry was back in full swing...
Tom, Y. (2009). The perennial crisis of the airline industry: Deregulation and innovation. (Order No. 3351230, The Claremont Graduate University). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, , 662-n/a. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/304861508?accountid=8364. (304861508).