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Nervous system and parts
Funtional organisation of the nervous system
Chapter 12 The Central Nervous System
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The Nervous System is a complex system that works in unison with the endocrine system. The Nervous System is above all other systems in the body it is the “mission control” in the body. There are two main parts of the nervous system the Central Nervous System (CNS), and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). The Central Nervous System is the brain and spinal cord which makes the decisions for what the body should do. The spinal cord can control certain activities like walking and running but the brain does most of the work. The Peripheral Nervous System is the neurons all throughout your body which can be short or as long like an axon running down your leg. These systems work together to make the nervous system run, it works by the PNS picking …show more content…
Neurons are instead the minority in the cells that think up that comeback line. Glial cells do much of the work but get little of the attention. Glial cells provide support, nutrition, and insulation. They also aid with transmissions between neurons. There are many different kinds of Glial cells in both the CNS and PNS. In the CNS there are Astrocytes, which provide support and regulates ions, Microglial cells defend in the immune system, Ependymal cells line the cavities of hollow organs, Oligodendrocytes wrap and insulate, they also create the mylene sheath. In the PNS there are only two kinds of Glial cells Satellite cells which surround neuron cell bodies, Schwann cells insulate and form the myelin sheath. There are also different kinds of neurons and as science goes they have to be classified two different ways, anatomy and function. Multipolar cells make up 99% of neurons and have many axons and a dendrite. Bipolar neurons have one axon and one dendrite, and unipolar only have one protrusion. Sensory neurons take messages from neurons to the brain they are unipolar. Motor neurons take information from the CNS to the neurons, they are multipolar. Interneurons go between sensory and motor neurons and are …show more content…
The Sympathetic division responds to stress and the Parasympathetic division calms the nerves. There are many nerves in the brain that these divisions have to talk to but knowing them can be helpful. They may be classified by sensory motor or both. The sensory nerves are the Olfactory nerve which processes sent, the Optic nerve processes visual stimuli, the Auditory nerve processes audio input. The motor nerves are Oculomotor which controls 4/6 eye muscles, Trochlear controls 1/6 eye muscles, Abducens controls some eye movements, the Spinal accessory nerve moves the head and shoulders, the Hypoglossal nerve allows you to swallow and talk. Some nerves can be both sensory and motor there are only three they are: the Facial nerve which move the facial muscle, the Glossopharyngeal nerve which moves the tongue and pharynx, the Vagus nerve controls the heart digestion
Astrocytes are star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord. They are the most abundant cell of the human brain. Astrocytes provide neurons with metabolic support, control local blood flow, and regulate the maintenance of synapses. They are a critical part of normal neural functioning. (3)
Firstly, there is various of sensing activities as in seeing and hearing as in a sense of understanding of what is seen and heard. Secondly the sense of feeling in numerous parts of the body from the head to the toes. The ability to recall past events, the sophisticated emotions and the thinking process. The cerebellum acts as a physiological microcomputer which intercepts various sensory and motor nerves to smooth out what would otherwise be jerky muscle motions. The medulla controls the elementary functions responsible for life, such as breathing, cardiac rate and kidney functions. The medulla contains numerous of timing mechanisms as well as other interconnections that control swallowing and salivations.
Glial cell: Glial cell is a supportive cell in the central nervous system. Unlike neurons, glial cells do not conduct electrical impulses. The glial cells are around neurons and give support for insulation between them. Glial cells are the most efficient cell types in the central nervous system. Types of glial cells include oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells, Schwann cells, microglia, and satellite
A bunch of nerves put together is called the Nervous system. The Nervous system helps with body coordination and provides sensory information about external problems. The nervous system controls the brain, spinal cord, sense organs, etc. Without our nervous system, we would not be able to function, since
Dendrites are located on either one or both ends of a cell.The peripheral nervous system then takes the sensory information from the outside and sends the messages by virtue of neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are chemicals that relay signals through the neural pathways of the spinal cord. The neurotransmitter chemicals are held by tiny membranous sacs located in the synaptic terminals. Synaptic terminals are located at the ends of nerve cells. The release of neurotransmitters from their sacs is stimulated once the electrical nerve impulse has finished travelling along a neuron and reaches the synaptic terminal. Afterward, neurotransmitters travel across synapses thus stimulating the production of an electrical charge that carries the nerve impulse onward. Synapses are junctions between neighboring neurons. This procedure is reiterated until either muscle movement occurs or the brain picks up on a sensory reaction. During this process, messages are being transmitted from one part of the body onto the next. The peripheral and central nervous system are two crucial subdivisions of the nervous system. The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous
The neurons or brain cells are shaped like trees. Young brain cells, called soma, resemble an acorn or small seed of a tree. The seed sprouts limbs when stimulated, called dendrites. Further on in development, the cell will grow a trunk like structure called an axon. The axon has an outer shell, like the bark of a tree, called the myelin sheath. Finally, at the base of the cell, there are root-like structures called axon terminal bulbs. Through these bulbs and the dendrite of another cell, cells communicate with each other through electrochemical impulses. These impulses cause the dendrites to
Hypothetically speaking, if patients asked their neurologists to explain what the nervous system is, how would typical neurologists respond to such a question? For the most part, patients ' question on what is the nervous system maybe a simple question for neurologists. In this instance, neurologists possibly explain to patients that the nervous System serves as a communication network that operates and coordinates the body 's activities. Operating and coordinating the body 's activities includes the nervous system to monitor thoughts, learning processes, body temperature, and altering the heart rate-- To name a few of the nervous system 's responsibilities. During the topic of discussion on the nervous system, patients asked their neurologists
The Circulatory System is a transportation and cooling system for the body. The Red Blood Cells act like billions of little mail men carrying all kinds of things that are needed by the cells, also RBC's carry oxygen and nutrients to the cells. All cells in the body require oxygen to remain alive. Also there is another kind of cells called white blood cells moving in the system. Why blood cells protect from bacteria and other things that are harmful. The Circulatory system contains vein arteries, veins are used to carry blood to the heart and arteries to carry the blood away. The blood inside veins is where most of the oxygen and nutrients are and is called deoxygenated and the color of the blood is dark red. However, blood in the arteries are also full of oxygen but is a bright red. The main components of the circulatory system are the heart, blood, and blood vessels.
Neurons and glia (cells that support neurons) are specialized cells for electrical signaling over long distances. Understanding neuronal structure is important for understanding neuronal function.
Our nervous system interacts with every other system in your body. The endocrine system works with our brain and central nervous system, to control the creation of specific hormones and enzymes. The digestive and excretory systems work with the nervous system in a conscious and unconscious ways. We can't tell our stomach where the food goes after we ingested it. The body is programed to function voluntarily and
The brain consists of both neurons and glia cells. The neurons, which are cells housed in a cell body called a Soma, have branches which extend from them, referred to as dendrites. From these dendrites extend axons which send and receive impulses, ending at junction points called synapses. It is at these synapse points that the transfer of information takes place.
The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system. The brain doesn't just control your organs, but also can think and remember. That part of the brain is called the mind.
The nervous system is composed of all nerve tissue in the body. This organ system forms a communication and coordination network between all parts of the body. It plays a major role in everyday activities such as breathing, walking even blinking. It is made up of nerve tissues to receive and transmit stimuli to nervous centers and initiate response. Neurons are nerve cells that transmit signals from one location of the body to another. With damage to the nervous system the body would not be able to function properly. The body has to be well taken care of in order to insure proper regulation. The two anatomical divisions that work hand in hand to help regulate the nervous system are the central and peripheral nervous system. According to the Campbell’s seventh edition biology book the nervous system is the most intricately organized data processing system on earth. It is a complex collection of nerves and specialized cells.
Nervous system is one of the major organ systems that is responsible for the coordination of biological activities inside the body through cells called neurons. It is composed of the brain and spinal cord which are surrounded by protective layers of bone and membrane tissues called meninges. There are two major divisions in the nervous system; first one is the central nervous system (CNS) and the other being the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain, spinal cord, and retina while the PNS includes the sensory neurons, ganglia, and connecting neurons. The nervous system applies control using nerves; almost as if sending a message by a telephone. The nervous system is fast due to its electrical nature. The nerve cells in this system are connected with each other in a complex manner where the neural pathways would be possible. Neural
The nervous system’s main function is to coordinate all of the activities in the body. The main organs are the cerebellum, which controls and coordinates movement. The cerebrum, is the center for conscious thought, learning, and memory. The last main organ is the brain stem. The brain stem keeps the automatic systems in your body working. Problems of the nervous system include, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s, and multiple sclerosis. You can care for your nervous system by wearing a seatbelt, wearing a helmet, and by not using drugs or alcohol. Something very confusing about the nervous system is that the left side of human brain controls the right side of the body and the right side of the brain controls the left side of the body!