A Shopkeepers Millenium Case Study

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In his book A Shopkeepers Millenium, Paul E. Johnson tells of a settlement in early 1800s Western New York called Rochester, an inland, water-powered town which thrived by dint of mercantilism, trade, and supplying manufacturing goods for nearby towns and travelers passing through. Rochester’s mills made it famous, and commerce thrived in Rochester because it had goods that were in high demand. Rochester’s settlers were wealthy men, and maintained this by carefully courting wealthy women or having their family members marry into wealth. In the late 1820’s, Rochester succumbed to public drunkenness, debauchery, and an uncontrolled lower class. Johnson argues that the evangelical revival during the winter of 1931 was a reaction to dissolution …show more content…

Workers, who had traditionally lived with their masters in what was a very common social contract, began to work in prototypical assembly lines, where the manufacturing of a good lay in the hands of men in varying professions. Johnson uses the business of a shoemaking as an example of this stark change in business practices. In 1831, one shoemaker reported that ”most of the work” was done in boardinghouses. (39) By 1834, there existed distinct locations for the different steps used to manufacture shoes. Contractors in Rochester came to realize that making unique houses was inefficient and costly. Contractors began producing house frames with similar architecture very prolificly, and another group of men would build upon the house. The uprising of mercantilism in Rochester, according to Johnson, was a key player in dissociating worker from master. When masters realized that there was money in selling the goods made by multiple, separate workers at a profit, the definition of a “skilled craft” changed. No longer was a master limited to working with what he was skilled at. He could amass a workforce to make a product for him, and working men came out of contact with the final product. (41) As mentioned earlier, workers typically lived with their masters. In doing so they adopted the rules, tenets, and ideals of their masters. Masters in 1820’s Rochester were typically religious men who kept their workers in moral check. When masters physically distanced themselves from workers, usually by separating the management and work sections of a business, workers were put under less

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