A Comparative Analysis of Political Communication in Turkey Case
In Turkey case of this paper, I will try to analyse Turkish media system with the theoretical framework which is developed by Daniel C. Hallin and Paolo Mancini in the article of Comparing Media Systems, Three Models of Media and Politics. I will make an attempt in order to investigate the basic characteristics of the media systems in Turkey, moreover I will bring the relationship between the state and the media through four dimensions, which are developments of the mass press, political parallelism, journalistic professionalism and the role of the state, developed by Hallin and Mancini’s work (Hallin and Mancini, 2005: pp. 217-220).
Hallin and Mancini’s conceptual framework comprises structures of four dimensions development of media markets, political parallelism or “the extent to which the media system reflects the major divisions in society”, the development of journalistic professionalism , and the degree and nature of state intervention in the media system; furthermore aspects of the state role; degree of pluralism, type of democracy, and degree of rational-legal authority with associating to the political contexts of media systems. Hallin and Mancini conceptualized the three models of media and politics when referring characteristic configurations within these dimensions. These are Mediterranean or Polarized Pluralist Model, North Central Europe or Democratic Corporatist Model, North Atlantic or Liberal Model. The principal features of Mediterranean or Polarized Pluralist Model are high political parallelism, low newspaper circulation, weaker professionalization, strong state intervention; North Central Europe or Democratic Corporatist Model consists high new...
... middle of paper ...
...Media Ownership Structure in Turkey. Ankara: Progressive Journalists Association.
Tunç, A. (2002) ‘Pushing the Limits of Tolerance. Functions of Political Cartoonists in the Democratization Process: The Case of Turkey’, Gazette: The International Journal For Communication Studies 64(1): 47–62.
Tunç, A. (2003) ‘Faustian Acts in Turkish Style: Structural Change in national Newspapers as an Obstacle to Quality Journalism in 1990-2003’, in O. Spassov (ed.) Quality Press in Southeast Europe. Sofia, Bulgaria: SOEMZ/Sofia University.
Zürcher, Eric J. (1993): Turkey, A Modern History, London & New York: I.B.Tauris.
Online accessed:
Directorate General of Press and Information (Turkey): http://www.byegm.gov.tr/REFERENCES/TURKISHPRESS2004.htm. Directorate General of Press and Information / Press Law (Turkey)
http://www.byegm.gov.tr/byegmhakkinda/basinkanunu-ing.htm
As my conclusion of understanding this journey through the history journalism by Kuyperts is that one thing history of newspapers tells us while the structure of the news may change, or the market for the news continues and a formation of highly intelligent journalist will strive to insists that the community receives the type of news that they want to read about.
Over the centuries, the media has played a significant role in the shaping of societies across the globe. This is especially true of developed nations where media access is readily available to the average citizen. The media has contributed to the creation of ideologies and ideals within a society. The media has such an effect on social life, that a simple as a news story has the power to shake a nation. Because of this, governments around the world have made it their duty to be active in the regulation and control of media access in their countries. The media however, has quickly become dominated by major mega companies who own numerous television, radio and movie companies both nationally and internationally. The aim of these companies is to generate revenue and in order to do this they create and air shows that cater to popular demand. In doing so, they sometimes compromise on the quality of their content. This is where public broadcasters come into perspective.
This article really caught my attention and my eye. This article is very historical and has facts within it that date back to the 1700’s. The article talks about how political cartoons play a part with an election. Specifically the presidential elections and how each and every year cartoonist depicts the candidates as a some sort of superhuman. I believe that this article gives people some background on political cartoons and how they have helped play a part within the U.
"Journalism : Britannica Online Encyclopedia." Encyclopedia - Britannica Online Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Apr. 2012. .
The introduction of mass media has been defined by this article as being the source of media censorship. Dwyer mentions regulating bodies and rating systems which have been used by the government in controlling the freedom and rights of
The debate issue it self is an impression, it is a result of thought derived from a specific sours that is most likely to be the media. . “Mass media is a term which connotes the means of a variety of media specifically designed for disseminating news and information to a large audience for a variety of r...
398).It is also stated that news divisions reduced their costs, and raised the entertainment factor of the broadcasts put on air. (p. 400). Secondly, the media determines its sources for stories by putting the best journalists on the case and assign them to areas where news worthy stories just emanates. (p.400). Third, the media decides how to present the news by taking the most controversial or relevant events and compressing them into 30 second sound-bites. (p.402). finally, the authors also explain how the media affects the general public. The authors’ state “The effect of one news story on public opinion may be trivial but the cumulative effect of dozens of news stories may be important. This shows a direct correlation between public opinions and what the media may find “relevant”. (Edwards, Wattenberg, Lineberry, 2015, p.
...o show these journalists as a state enemy in people mind.Thus, Recep Tayyip Erdogan the Prime Minister of Turkey see these journalist as an enemy against him,actually he tried to show they as terrorists.Having said that, in 2010, journalists established ''Journalist's Freedom Platform'' and arranged a press release in order to say that there is a problem in terms of freedom of speech and press.On the top of that, also government made a opression on media bosses.As an important example for this, during the Gezi occupy which is a huge demonstrations that created significant inflation against government, most media company did not mention about these issues, especially, at the begining of the demonstrations, people could not see these demonstrations on TV.What I want to say that, as it can clearly seen that the government supressed the media very highly like in fascism.
First, the role of the media is to represent the public and intervene between the public and the government. The media is a mirror, which re...
One way in which government achieves this objective, is by its ability to misuse the media’s ability to set the agenda. Contrary to popular belief, media is in fact an enormous hegemony. In fact, separate independent news organizations do not exist. Rather than creating an independent structured agenda of their own, generally lesser smaller news organizations adapt to a prepared agenda, previously constructed by a higher medium. Based upon this information alone, it is quite apparent that media functions in adherence to the characteristics of a hierarchy.
There for we say yes, media can have a sizeable political impact, especially when a politician controls a substantial share of the media. Media is therefore bad for democracy. Stated throughout this paper is the level of bias that is displayed in the media. This level of bias sways the public far right or far left. Their decisions are based on a political point of view.
One of the fundamental roles of the media in a liberal democracy is to critically scrutinise governmental affairs: that is to act as a watchdog of government to ensure that the government can be held accountable by the public. However, the systematic deregulation of media systems worldwide is diminishing the ability of citizens to meaningfully participate in policymaking process governing the media (McChesney, 2003, p. 126). The relaxation of ownership rules and control, has resulted in a move away from diversity of production to a situation where media ownership is becoming increasing concentrated by just a few predominantly western global conglomerates (M...
Even though media studies is still new, it is important, as it has a high potential of being at the centre of essential changes in our thoughts about what we should learn and if they are worthwhile (Bazalgette, 2000). Since this subject is still new there are a lot of disagreements on how media should be interpreted and it is also a hybrid subject as the idea that it came about comes from a variety of sources (Bazalgette, 2000). Media studies is also considered an academic discipline as it binds the different types of hybrid disciplines such as semiotics, structuralism, sociolinguistics and a lot more and there are no limits to an individual as how to analyze the media. The analysis of media is very important for this particular subject. Educators today realized that students need to be involved in practical work to understand the subject better. Media studies are normally associated with the English subject. However the difference is rather apparent and media studies courses uses economic and political perspectives are their main ways to understand the media as well as it requires a person to consider texts from different contrasting perspectives. The English subject on the other hand, deals with reading and writing skills as well as analyzing critically. It also involves individual students’ responses (Bazalgette, 2000).
The Mass Media is a unique feature of modern society; its development has accompanied an increase in the magnitude and complexity of societal actions and engagements, rapid social change, technological innovation, rising personal income and standard of living and the decline of some traditional forms of control and authority.
Encapsulated in a democratic homeland since the advent of time, media systems are habitually acclaimed as the “fourth power,” with its journalists often hailed as the “watch-dogs” of such a society. Lending itself to act as ‘gatekeeper’ for the wider society and performing the traditional role of journalism, the media (overall) exist as powerful “instruments of knowledge” that perform the function of providing information to the masses in a public sphere, where issues may be discussed, justified and contested (Scannell, 1995, p. 17). Evidently, media workers play a pivotal role in our society; however, their status in the realm of professions is not definite. Although the above emphasize the predicament at the heart of ...