Contents.
Front Cover…………………………………………………………………………...Page 1.
Introduction………………………………………………………………...…………Page 2.
Research Proposal…………………………………………………………………..Page 3.
Literature Review………………………………………………………………….…Page 7.
Methodology
Discussion of Findings
Conclusion
Bibliography
Introduction.
The purpose of this study is to research topically applied and orally taken vitamin A for the treatment of photo ageing. From this data it will then be determined whether one is more effective than the other in the treatment of photo ageing. This information will be useful in the beauty industry as well as The Retreat at Newcastle College, as it may influence the treatments and products provided to give clients the most effective results.
According to Dhatt (2013) ‘vitamin A and its retinoid-derivative family continue to reign as the unequivocal gold standard of skin care’, this means that vitamin A and retinoids play a significant role in skin care and the beauty industry. So it could be said that it is vital that there is substantial research into the subject, as it may impact which products and treatments are available and preferred.
This study will consist of secondary research into previous investigations and experiments into photo ageing and the effects of vitamin A when taken both orally and topically applied, as well as any other effects on the body.
Research Proposal.
A Comparative Study into the Use of Oral and Topically Applied Vitamin A in the Treatment of Photo Ageing.
Proposed Research Problem.
This project will look into a comparison of the effects of taking vitamin A orally and topically on photo ageing; it is a relevant topic to the industry as there are countless amounts of salons ...
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... (2008) Phisiology of the Skin: A New Look at Vitamin A. [Internet]. Available from: [Accessed 9th March 2014].
Tucker-Samaras et al (2009) A stabilized 0.1% Retinol Facial Moisturizer Improves the Appearance of Photodamaged Skin in an Eight-week, Double-blind, Vehicle-controlled Study. [Internet]. Available from: [Accessed 9th March 2014].
University of Washington (2011) Skin Structure and Function. [Internet]. Available from: [Accessed 10th February 2014].
Wickett, Randy and Visscher, Marty (2006) Structure and Function of the Epidermal Barrier. [Internet]. Available from: [Accessed 10th February 2014].
It is much thicker than the epidermis and contains collagen, reticular and elastic fibers, and is vascular. The area where the dermis meets the epidermis is unique in that the epidermis contains ridges at the stratum basale layer which interlocks with the dermal papillae, which are upward projections, like waves, on the uppermost surface of the dermis. The dermis had two sublayers. The papillary layer is in the dermal papillae and near it and is made up of areolar tissue. The reticular layer is dense irregular connective tissue that is found at the basal end of the dermis and contains collagen and adipose
Marks, R., P.A. Foley, D. Jolley, K.R. Knight, and J. Harrison. 1995. The effect of regular sunscreen use on vitamin D levels in an Australian population: results of a randomized controlled trial. Archives of Dermatology 131: 415-421.
Up until the early 1960s, the people of that generation grew up believe that exposure to the sun was healthy and could be used as potential treatments for ailments like acne, for example. The doctors of the early 20th century even promoted the use of the sun’s ultraviolet rays (UV rays) as a treatment for certain strains of tuberculosis. Little did they know the long run consequences of prolonged exposure to the now-labeled ...
The first known use of dermatology was established in 1819 and only in the 1930’s did its practice become more widely accomplished, known and sought after. (“Dermatology” 2014) Since then it has extensively evolved and changed and been able to provide services for women and men around the world. Originally being a part of the medicine field can now be considered a division of the beauty industry due to availability of services and treatments for aesthetic, pampering purposes, rather than just originally founded for medical issues of resolving skin disorders and diseases. Dermatology being defined as ‘a branch of medicine dealing with the skin, its structure, functions and diseases’ (“Dermatology” 2014) now offers many professions one being a dermatologist, whic...
Acne, is a skin disorder that typically starts when oil and dead skin cells clog up your pores. These clogged pores can go by many names such as; blemishes, whiteheads, pimples, blackheads or zits. Acne is mainly common among teens worldwide. It usually tends to improve through the years. Acne can run in families, noting that if one of your parents had severe acne, you will be more likely to have it also. One of the main and effective ways to control acne, is to keep your skin clean. You should also consider the use of vitamin supplements. Vitamin A is an immensely effective supplement that will help increase blood circulation and increase the amount of collagen production in the skin. Vitamin B is helpful by improving skin cell turnover and...
you that you are ageing, and are in need of beauty products to achieve the ideal look. Teen dramas use the
The integumentary system has five main functions. The five main functions of the integumentary system are protection, regulation, sensation, absorption, and secretion. It consists of the hair, nails, skin, sebaceous and sweat glands. The largest organ of the entire body is the skin. The skin consists of three different layers. The epidermis, the dermis, and the subcutaneous layer, these are the three layers of the skin. There is a layer that is deeper than the skin and contains body fat, that layer is called the hypodermis. Sweat glands are also called sudoriferous glands. One of the functions of the skin is to maintain homeostasis. Synthesis of vitamin D, excretion of urea, excretion of salts and water are a few things that the skin is also capable of. The top layer of the skin is called the epidermis. The epidermis contains five different layers. These layers are the stratum corneum, the stratum lucidum, the stratum spinosum, and the stratum basale. In the epidermis there are four different cell types. The keratinocytes which produce keratin, the merkel cells that are sensitive to touch, the langerhans cells which is a dendritic type off cell, and the melanocytes which produce melanin.
The epidermis, which is the outer layer of the skin, is made up of four to five layers in some parts (Shier, Butler, & Lewis, 2009). In the majority of the areas, just four layers can be differentiated: the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum (p.119). Another layer is the stratum lucidum which can be found in the thicker part of the skin of the palms and ...
The number of adults suffering from acne is also growing every year. It is essential for the people to research all the treatment options available to them before going in for a particularly appealing option without considering all the pros and cons involved. A dermatologist’s office would be a good place to start. An individual should stick with his own dermatologist because they are often well informed about their patients requirement and will give the best advice. Suggested treatments for acne vary depending upon the extent and the affected area. Benzoy...
The world of chemistry and science has always been fascinating to me. The scientific method has had a profound impact on every aspect of our lives since its inception. From Newton to Einstein, intellectual curiosity has been the most paramount resource for uncovering the mysteries of life. My selection of pharmacology as a career came mainly from my love for science and secondly, from a personal experience. I struggled with acne throughout my adolescent life and into my adulthood. My condition deteriorated to the point where my dermatologist prescribed me Accutane after alternative treatments failed to produce results. Although I knew Accutane was a strong medication with serious side effects, I didn't know what components the drug consisted of or how it would react with the cells in my body until I studied organic chemistry. During the course of my study, I learned that Accutane is a retinoid that decreases the size and activity of the sebaceous glands in the skin, which reduces the amount of sebum produced. Looking back on this experience, I now see how not having a clear face affe...
Over the last five years, I have been collecting makeup. Over these years, I have discovered all of the different types of makeup and the different uses for it. In this essay, I will be informing my audience of the benefits of different kinds of makeup as well as their uses.
At present, cosmetics are always used in daily life. When we talk about cosmetics, most people will think of the things that only use for make-up such as lipstick, eye-shadow, mascara, blusher etc. But in fact cosmetics are not only mean to the things that only use for make-up but also shampoo, lotion or sunscreen. According to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) explains “Articles intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or sprayed on, introduced into, or otherwise applied to the human body… for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance.” (2014) The reason why people use makeups have different ways such as some people use for more confidence, some people use for protect the sunlight, and some people use for maintain their skin. However, there are a lot of people still worry about using the cosmetics since they believe that cosmetics are contained the dangerous chemicals that damage their body so they afraid of using them and try to avoid to use them. Although many people will be concerned that applying cosmetics may destroy their health, in fact, many experts have been confirmed that the use of cosmetic is not harmful to the human’s body. Moreover, cosmetics are also useful for users.
Probably the most commonly used word by your dermatologist, your beautician, your pharmacist or just the girl next door, and for a good reason. The sun’s damaging UV rays can single-handedly destroy your skin over time and in some cases even cause irreparable damage. It will burn your skin, dry it out, destroy collagen fibers and predispose you to cancer. Whether it’s a scorching sun or not, whether you are outdoors or not, sunscreen is an everyday must-wear. You have a choice.
Vitamins, a group of organic substances required in our diets in small amounts for growth and nutrition, are usually found in foodstuffs or taken as supplements. Yet vitamins probably present a wider gap between myth and reality in the layman's understanding than almost any other area of our diet. Surveys have found that while a majority of Americans do take vitamin supplements on a regular or occasional basis for reason of health concerns, there exists enormous confusion about the actual purpose and benefits of this practice ("Use of Vitamin and Mineral Supplements in the United States," 1990:161). Most people have a recognition that Vitamin C prevents scurvy, that Vitamin A is found in fish-liver oils, or that Vitamin D is found in dairy products; many people believe that Vitamin E preserves youth and prevents sterility, or that Vitamin C can present colds and cancer. Beyond this, however, there is still considerable ignorance and widespread myth.