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The impact of low socioeconomic status on the health of the individual
The role of education in promoting health
The role of education in promoting health
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While practically every health indicator has improved in Peru in the past thirty years, these improvements have not been distrusted equally across the population. Most of the progress has occurred in urban areas, especially in the capital city of Lima, with the rural population lagging behind. It is easy to assume that all of the disparity results from the poverty that exists in the region According to the Population Reference Bureau (2015), the amount of people living below the poverty line is 36% higher in rural areas than in urban areas. While poverty is definitely a causative factor in the disparities that exist, in this paper I will examine some of these inequalities and show that the geographical isolation of many rural communities is …show more content…
The private sector consists of private insurance companies and hospitals that are not contributed to by the government. These facilities usually offer the best care, but are only accessible to a small portion of the population due to cost and they are heavily concentrated in larger cities, especially Lima. The public sector consists of several branches, which serve the rest of the population. The largest is SIS, which similar to Medicaid in the US and supports the poorest portion of the population. Another branch, EsSalud is similar to employee benefits in the US, but the Peruvian government supplements it, as well as employers. Only people who have formal employment are eligible for EsSalud, which means that much of the rural population, who are self-employed farmers, are not qualified to receive this care. Other branches serve the military, police, and other groups. These sectors are not just insurance plans, but also determine which health care facilities a person can visit to receive treatment. Despite all of these different programs, as of 2012 38% of Peruvians still did not have insurance (Peru INEI, 2013) and without insurance it is very difficult to pay for health …show more content…
In rural areas, 16% of people are illiterate compared to only 3% in urban areas. Only 57% of rural people complete secondary school, while 85% do in urban areas (PRB, 2015). These educational disparities contribute to many other inequalities. Women who are less educated are more likely to begin childbearing at younger ages and are less likely to use contraception. This is reflected in that 12% more women in rural areas begin childbearing before age 19 compared to their urban counterparts and only 45% of rural women use modern contraception compared to 55% in urban areas (PRB, 2015). These elements contribute to many health indicators including infant mortality and total fertility. The TFR is 3.5 in rural areas compared to 2.3 in urban areas and the differences in infant mortality were discussed previously. Education also contributes to active health seeking behaviors and higher economic status, which both support better
It is not difficult to document that poor children suffer a disproportionate share of deprivation, hardship, and bad outcomes. More than 16 million children in the United States – 22% of all children – live in families with incomes below the federal poverty level – $23,550 a year for a family of four. (Truman, 2005) Living in poverty rewires children 's brains and reports show that it produces prolonged effects. Also, growing up in a community with dangerous streets, gangs, confused social expectations, discouraging role models, and few connections to outsiders commanding resources becomes a burden for any child. The concern about the number of children living in poverty arises from our knowledge of the problems children face because of poverty.
"Stories - Peru Journal - Part 2: Diseases of the Poor — International Reporting Project.”
By calculating data identifying inequalities alongside the Ministry of Health in random regions throughout Brazil, in 2012, Barufi, Haddad, and Paez, found numerous problems: Previous health care expansion was ineffective due to its inaccessibility, few socioeconomic improvements have restricted many impoverished people in Brazil to obtain any social mobility, and lastly without the proper infrastructure, there is little that can be done to reduce the infant mortality rate (p. 6-8). In relation, Narayan Sastry found through her studies of studying urban and rural child infant mortality in 1997 that, those community characteristics have a strong impact but do not directly have an effect Infant mortality in Brazil (p. 999-1001). In simpler terms, there are SDH that are not examined that have greater impacts but are not implemented due to its lack of studying. Though her numbers did not openly infer this, if a community has such an important impact, imagine what preventative care specified to each community could do to influence the IMR for those regions. As presented, infant mortality is clearly a problem but is often hard to precisely identity the greatest contributing factor. In the next section, the causes and effects of infant mortality will be
Poverty in Developing and Less Developed Countries The world includes less developed countries and developing countries. Less developed countries are countries considered to be poor and often contain many people who are in absolute poverty. Developing countries are countries like India, which are gaining in wealth. There are two types of poverty within the world.
Globalization is a series of social, economical, technological, cultural, and political changes that promote interdependence and growth. Globalization raises the standard of living in developing countries, spreads technological knowledge, and increases political liberation. (Harris 5-23) The main cause of globalization is influence from other, more developed, countries. Globalization is a historical process that results from human innovation and technological progress. The social effects of globalization are clearly illustrated in Peru. Once a third-world country filled with poverty and oppression, Peru is now transitioning into a developed nation. In Peru, globalization has raised the human development index, empowered women, and created a stronger country. (Leon 90-91)
Women are the care givers and also providers in many families worldwide. Women tend to want a better future for themselves, their children and families. Women are resilient in their aim to better their lives. Many women seek work and educational opportunities in cities and even migrate for their quest. (Meleis 2011, 1). The role of women is changing both in developed and in less-developed countries. The size and structures of populations are evolving and this means new social and health related challenges. The world is becoming more urbanized. Over half of the world’s population is living in cities. The biggest expected population growth will occur in the less-developed countries of Africa, Asia and South-America. At this time the biggest age cohort globally (1.5 billion) is adolescents aged between 12 and 24 years. This represents a possibility for change in those less-developed countries but also a real social challenge which can have global effects. Over recent decades, birth control and schooling have become more reachable for women in less-developed countries. This means that the role of women is shifting from a mother to a worker. This means also new challenges for women’s health and wellbeing. Inequality, women rights and safety in urban areas are an issue. (Levine 2011, 29-30; Meleis 2011, 2)
What is poverty? What do we think the real definition of poverty is? As humans, we always complain about the small things in life, but what about the people who live in Peña Blanca? What do they have to say about their daily struggles just to earn a simple grain of rice? As some people say, poverty is a beast that cannot be beaten. The people of Peña Blanca suffer from extreme poverty, and yet, they are willing to give or offer anything to the people in urgent need or need help, which what instantly caught my attention. Their generosity was unexplainable. An example of this in the movie is when a man reported that his wife is going to die because he doesn't have enough money to pay for medicine since she’s extremely bedridden, and then Anthony, a fellow neighbor, offered his money to pay for the medicine, even though that would affect him negatively since his family are also extremely poor . Poverty has played a major role in these people’s lives, making everything a challenge.
Tunick, Barbara. "Issues in Brief: Risks and Realities of Early Childbearing Worldwide." The Guttmacher Report. (Feb. 1997); 10-14.
Developing countries like Brazil and India are getting divided into high quality formal and informal areas marked by insecurity and poverty. Due to urbanization in cities, there is a geographical concentration of high income groups in some places and poverty and less income groups in others. Due to uneven geographical distribution of socio economic resources health inequalities also persist resulting in poor people having poorer health. Greater inequality is therefore correlated with health of poorer population.
This nation has a problem: more of its citizens rely on the federal government for help than to support themselves with a full time job. Poverty has many negative effects on the people who suffer from it and on the economy. Everyone needs to be made aware of poverty and the many negative effects it has on people. There are things that could be done to help reduce the amount of people that are in poverty. Reducing poverty would decrease health risks, strengthen the middle class, and help the democracy.
1) Reproductive health is important for women around the world. Women with reproductive capacity require ongoing health care to protect their health and the health of their newborns. The increased and sustained investment in reproductive health will ensure that women are able to receive preventive care prior during and after their pregnancies (Singh, Darroch, & Lori, 2014). This will help decrease the number of infants deaths related to pregnancies. It will also decrease the number of deaths with pregnant women. Investing in reproductive health may decrease the burden that steams from infant and women deaths that are related to pregnancy. Reproductive health has improved globally. However, disparities still exist between developed and developing countries (Singh et al., 2014). Therefore, it is important for countries throughout the world to invest in new technologies to strengthen reproductive health in areas that lack adequate preventive reproductive health services. This will allow countries to decrease the number of still births, miscarriages, and infants and women deaths. This will return the burden of these conditions. Moreover, many
Institute for Research on Poverty. (2013). Health & Poverty. Retrieved February 20, 2014, from http://www.irp.wisc.edu/research/health.htm
As developed countries quench their thirsts for petrol, developing countries around the world are left behind, force to watch on without any help from the outside community. Being poor means to be disadvantaged in every single way. It means not being able to support yourself or your family or have the basic necessity to life. Without substantial help for these helpless people then we should be feeling guilty that we are living lives far better than what others are experiencing. Poverty may because by wars, disease or lack of education and infrastructure and the resulting consequences may be hunger, starvation, crime and ultimately death. If poverty is not eradicated then injustice will continue, increasing death tolls and lives.
...he second way to attempt to decrease the population is through increased active family planning programs. Especially in poor countries, it is a lot harder for women just to jump into the work force, and even harder for a poor country to become industrialized. For example, in Bangladesh, one of the world's poorest countries, birth rates have decreased from seven children per family to only 5.5. This is largely because forty percent of Bangladesh's woman now take part in some form of family planning.
Has anyone ever considered thinking about what the world is really going through? How many people don’t have the necessities in order to survive? If so, what are these people going through? Poverty is the state of one who lacks a standard or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions. Sometimes events occur that changes a person’s perspective on life. Poverty is one that can have a huge effect on not only one person, but also the people around him/her. Over half of the world is going through this tragedy and we, being the ones who created it, have the responsibility to end it.