The major demographic changes in the Middle East and North Africa have been the massive increase in population, and urbanization which has seen the emergence of many large cities throughout the region. The reasons for this have been because of better health care, greater mobility of the population, economic opportunities in the cities and political changes.
During the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, a number of European families started moving to the Middle East and North Africa, with many French and other Europeans settling in Algeria from the 1830s. Many Albanians moved to Egypt, and there were also some Russian Orthodox communities settling in the Holy Land. Even before the Suez Canal, was considerable sea traffic to and from Egypt. However, the opening of the canal in 1869 led to the massive enlargement of Port Said, Ismailia, Port Suez and Aden. As the increase in shipping to the Middle East led to lower costs, there was a considerable increase in pilgrims to the annual Hadj to Mecca. There was also an increase in European and American tourist traffic, particularly in Egypt and the Holy Land leading to the establishment of communities who lived from this trade.
The emergence of the Young Turk movement, the decline of the Ottoman Empire, and its defeat in World War I, saw many changes in Asia Minor. The internal conflict with the Armenians during the war, and the flight of hundreds of thousands of Greeks, led to a dramatic change in the population of the emerging Republic of Turkey. The moving of the Turkish capital to Ankara in 1923 led to a shift from the previous capital, Constantinople.
During World War II, as in World War I, the stationing of large numbers of soldiers in Egypt led to an economic boom...
... middle of paper ...
...le. The port city of Aden had a population around 45,000 until the 1940s, and in 1955 the population had risen to 139,600. The 1931 Census for the Protectorate of Tunis lists the population as 2,410,692, of whom 195,293 were Europeans. With the boom in the tourist industry in Tunisia from the 1970s, many Europeans chose to settle in the country, and by 2003 there were 100,000 Europeans, with the country’s population having risen to 9,924,742.
Works Cited
Clarke, John I. and W.B. Fisher (eds.). Populations of the Middle East and North Africa: a geographical approach. London, 1972.
Cooper, Charles A. and Sidney S. Alexander. Economic development and population growth in the Middle East. New York, 1971.
Gilbar, Gad G. Population dilemmas in the Middle East: essays in political demography and economy. London, 1997.
Whittaker’s Almanack. London, 1900 onwards.
Cleveland, William L. A History of the Modern Middle East. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 2000.
Gelvin, James L. The Modern Middle East: A History. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
Hilāl, ʻAlī Al-Dīn. Islamic Resurgence in the Arab World. New York, NY: Praeger, 1982. Print.
Lewis, Bernard. The Middle East: A Brief History of the Last 2,000 Years. New York: Scribner,
COUNTRIES. UNITED NATIONS EXPERT GROUP MEETING ON INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE ARAB REGION, UN/POP/EGM/2006/02, 1-21, available at: https://www.un.org/esa/population/meetings/EGM_Ittmig_Arab/P02_Kapiszewski.pdf
Maynes, Charles. "The Middle East in the Twenty-First Century." Middle East Journal 52.1 (1998): 9-16. JSTOR. Web. 6 June 2011.
"Erased/deleted old title which did not make sense within body of essay" The Middle East is a region in Southwest Asia that includes the countries of Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, U.A.E., Kuwait, Iraq, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, Syria, Cyprus, Turkey, Iran, and Afghanistan. The aspects that make up all that is geography in the Middle East include physical geography, economic geography, religion, and human history. The Middle East is known for its physical geography, being the largest area of dry climate in the world. Southwest Asia is mostly desert and steppe climate because of subtropical high pressure over the area which keeps the region dry and the air warm.
The Arab world consists of twenty-two countries encompassing all of North Africa and much of the Middle East. The Arab people number over 360 million and while they share a common language, there is a surprising degree of diversity among them, whether in terms of nationality, culture, religion, economics, or politics. (McCaffrey, 3) Most inhabitants of the Ar...
James L. Gelvin, “The Modern Middle East: A History” (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), 136-139.
As an illustration, Saudi Arabia is one of the countries that has an extremely high population and socio-economically, but the unemployment still exists since a hundred of years because of the fewer opportunities to obtain sophisticated jobs. The oil became an important factor in Saudi Arabia, and Saudis, who have higher education in petroleum, are more likely to be hired for a job. The situation of the oil industries in Saudi Arabia is demonstrably vigorous because of the developments of the industrial civilization in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, oil’s function assisted to develop several countries in the world. Regardless of the old geographical boundaries of the country, the country that had no oil during 1800s was a struggle for the country itself because of the high population such as Egypt. The population was extremely high in Egypt and especially in 1950. At this time, the people in Egypt approached to become a double that was 10 million, and the population kept increasing until it became 83 in 2011. Moreover, the high population density leads to creating the unemployment in Egyptian societies, and the exaggeration of the number of the population can lead to the
An increase in human population can influence our economy. Some of the factors that are affected are unemployment, poverty and the restriction of economic expansion. When the population increases, the cost of health, education, and other areas of urban growth are affected. Unempl...
Goldschmidt, Arthur Jr. and Lawrence Davidson. A Concise History of the Middle East, Eighth edition. Denver: Westview Press, 2005.
The researchers used to look at the Arab Gulf states as "states of homogeneous". However, the truth and history tells another story. Arab Gulf states are "heterogeneo...
In this region, population growth rate is high, population under 25 years old represents a large share of the total (up to 40%) and the new labour force entering the market every year is huge (UNDP’s Arab Human Development Report 2002). This type of economy does not conform to complementary efforts unlike LMEs and CMEs which benefit from a complementary
This research was essentially based on an analysis of secondary data published by the Gulf States and agencies and in the Statistical Year Books published by the government of Oman, which include information about demography, economy, governmental plans and employment. Some of the statistics used date back to 2007 and 2008 because they were the latest official figures available. In addition, I relied on primary data collected from questionnaires and through...