Dorothy Height was born in Richmond, Virginia on March 24th, 1912 and died on April 20, 2010 at the age of 98 (Williams, 2013). The racism she witnessed and personally went through as a child encouraged her to become who she grew up to be (Height, 2003). She said “I am the product of many whose lives have touched mine, from the famous, distinguished, and powerful to the little known and the poor” (Height, 2003, p. 467). Dorothy Height was an advocate for women’s rights and civil rights because she heard many cases about African American women being violated, abused, and raped in jails and in public (McGuire, 2010). Height had a dual agenda to end racism and sexism which led her to earn 20 honorary degrees and more than 50 awards in her later life (Crewe, 2013). Dorothy Height was not in the media’s public eye during the Civil Rights Movement but later on she became known.
Dorothy Irene Height was born in Richmond, Virginia on March 24th, 1912 and raised in Pennsylvania. Dorothy’s mother did not make it to many of her school events, which only fueled her to excel in school (White, 1999). She won a $1000 scholarship from Daughter Elk because of her participation in the national oratorical contest on the U.S Constitution and she was the valedictorian of her high school class. Dorothy wanted to go to Barnard in New York but they rejected her because they had already admitted their quota of black students, which happened to be two. She ended up going to New York University where she joined a sorority, Delta Sigma Theta, and became the head of the sorority. She then earned two degrees, a bachelors in education and a masters in psychology within six years (White, 1999). After college, she began her job as a social worker that she receiv...
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...ald Regan honored Dorothy with the Citizens Medal Award for distinguished services. In the same year she received the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Freedom Medal from the Roosevelt Institute. President Bill Clinton presented Height the Presidential Medal of Freedom Award and she was inducted to the “National Women’s Hall of Fame.” President George W. Bush presented her the Congressional Gold Medal on her 92nd birthday (National Council of Negro Women, 2013). In 1994, she receiving the Presidential Medal of Freedom recognized all of the efforts she had put in towards the movement (Height, 2003). Due all the awards, Dorothy Height is the last female activist icon of the Civil Rights Movement and started to become a memory of the Civil Rights Movement. Present Obama called Dorothy "the godmother of the civil rights movement and a hero to so many Americans” (Stewart, 2010).
Parks had a plethora amounts of rewards that she gained. She remained an esteemed figure in the history of American Civil rights activism. In 1979 she earned the Spingarn Award by the NAACP, she received the MArtin Luther King Jr. award in 1980. Also, she got the presidential Medal of Freedom award in 1996, 1999 she earned the Congressional Gold Medal by Bill Clinton. She was also named on of the top 20 most influential people of the 20th century by Times Magazine.
Dye drew together the essays of esteemed scholars, such as Ellen Carol DuBois, Barbara Sicherman, and Rosalyn Terborg-Penn, to shed light on the intersectionality between race, gender, and social class at the turn of the 20th Century. While many believe that it was a period of widespread activism and reform, these scholars support the idea that the Progressive Era was more of a conservative than liberal movement, in that it failed to challenge stereotypes about the female’s role in society and created a limited public sphere for women. While the women’s suffrage movement provided more opportunities for white middle-class women, it failed to lessen, or even worsened, the marginalization of immigrant and minority women. Many white-middle class women sympathized with European and Jewish immigrants and were willing to overlook socioeconomic class, but few supported the cause of colored women for labor and education
Anne Moody’s memoir, Coming of Age in Mississippi, is an influential insight into the existence of a young girl growing up in the South during the Civil-Rights Movement. Moody’s book records her coming of age as a woman, and possibly more significantly, it chronicles her coming of age as a politically active Negro woman. She is faced with countless problems dealing with the racism and threat of the South as a poor African American female. Her childhood and early years in school set up groundwork for her racial consciousness. Moody assembled that foundation as she went to college and scatter the seeds of political activism. During her later years in college, Moody became active in numerous organizations devoted to creating changes to the civil rights of her people. These actions ultimately led to her disillusionment with the success of the movement, despite her constant action. These factors have contributed in shaping her attitude towards race and her skepticism about fundamental change in society.
Smith, J, & Phelps, S (1992). Notable Black American Women, (1st Ed). Detroit, MI: Gale
McGuire, Danielle L. At the Dark End of the Street: Black Women, Rape, and Resistance- A New History of the Civil Rights Movement from Rosa Parks to the Rise of Black Power. New York, New York: Vintage Books. 2011.
Anne learned from a young age that if you were a Negro, hard work will get you something, but most of the time, that something isn’t enough for what you need. This is the same for the fight against racial inequality. Though the programs made an impact and were successful in their own smaller battles, the larger battle still had yet to be won. Anne’s experiences had raised several doubts
Ida B. Wells was the first Black woman to run for Illinois State Senate (Schechter). While she didn’t win, this did not deter her from continuing her movements towards equality. Along with W.E.B Du Bois and others, Wells helped established the NAACP, one the most important and iconic organizations of our time (Schechter). She traveled across Europe and the US, carrying with her a message of equality and an anti-lynching campaign (Wells-Barnett 87). She used her charisma to unveil the truths of our world in a time when people who looked like her were told they had nothing to
During the 1960s, many Black Americans drew attention to the inequalities among races in society. Protest groups formed and demonstrations highlighting discrimination towards dark people were a common practice for civil rights activists. Some activists believed non-violence was the only way to overcome, and others, such as Anne Moody and the Black Panthers, had a more aggressive attitude towards gaining freedom. In her autobiography, The Coming of Age in Mississippi, Anne Moody describes the hardships of growing up in the heavily racist South, and displays the “price you pay daily for being Black.” (p.361) She grows tired of seeing her Black companions beaten, raped, murdered, and denied their opportunity to prosper in the land of plenty: America. The Black Panthers’ assertive mindset was aimed to exemplify the injustices of a prejudiced society that denied Blacks the power to determine their own destiny. At a young age, Anne realizes that there is something that gives Whites privilege over Blacks. She thinks that there is a secret to why Blacks always have to watch a movie from the balcony while Whites watch from the floor. Both Anne Moody and the Black Panthers discover this secret, and use an assertive approach in their civil rights activism for social and political reform that would finally give Blacks the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness that are granted to all Americans. The secret was racial discrimination.
After many years of battling for equality among the sexes, people today have no idea of the trails that women went through so that women of future generations could have the same privileges and treatment as men. Several generations have come since the women’s rights movement and the women of these generations have different opportunities in family life, religion, government, employment, and education that women fought for. The Women’s Rights Movement began with a small group of people that questioned why human lives, especially those of women, were unfairly confined. Many women, like Sojourner Truth and Fanny Fern, worked consciously to create a better world by bringing awareness to these inequalities. Sojourner Truth, prominent slave and advocate
Angela Yvonne Davis’ interest in social justice began during her youth when she was exposed firsthand to the hateful and violent consequences of racism. She was born on ...
Barbara Morrison, an educated woman who grew up in a nuclear family home, their home included “[her] parents and children living in one household” (Moore& Asay, 2013). They lived in Roland Park in Baltimore Maryland. Living the “Average” lifestyle in her parents’ home she felt as if she were an outsider. Morrison decided to go to Western Maryland and pursue her collegiate education. She could not take the racism that went on in 1970 and decided to uproot her life for the better. Worcester, Massachusetts is where Morrison’s life would further take its course, she finally felt at home in this city. Morrison met her closest friend Jill who would also be an important benefactor in Barbra’s life; the first thing that she explained to Morrison was “The vast majority of people on welfare were white and lived in rural areas, not inner cities” (Morrison,2011).Morrison did not understand this until she was faced with the reality of poverty. In order to survive she needed to bring in resources, which are “anything identified to meet an existing or future need” (Moore& Asay, 2013).In Morrison’s case ...
Growing up during slavery times were hard on African American’s. Being treated the way they were they were treated was an injustice and something no one should ever go through. By analyzing Sojourner Truth’s early life of being born a slave, becoming a mother, having at least three of her children sold away from her, heading to freedom, fighting for abolition and women’s rights, advocacy during the civil war, her death and her legacy which lives on today. It is clear that Sojourner truth shaped her time.
Emancipated blacks, after the Civil War, continued to live in fear of lynching, a practice of vigilantism that was often based on false accusations. Lynching was not only a way for southern white men to exert racist “justice,” it was also a means of keeping women, white and black, under the control of a violent white male ideology. In response to the injustices of lynching, the anti-lynching movement was established—a campaign in which women played a key role. Ida B. Wells, a black teacher and journalist was at the forefront and early development of this movement. In 1892 Wells was one of the first news reporters to bring the truths of lynching to proper media attention. Her first articles appeared in The Free Speech and Headlight, a Memphis newspaper that she co-edited. She urged the black townspeople of Memphis to move west and to resist the coercive violence of lynching. [1] Her early articles were collected in Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases, a widely distributed pamphlet that exposed the innocence of many victims of lynching and attacked the leaders of white southern communities for allowing such atrocities. [2] In 1895 Wells published a larger investigative report, A Red Record, which exposed how false or contrived accusations of rape accompanied less than one third of the cases documented around 1892. [3] The statistics and literature of A Red Record denounced the dominant white male ideology behind lynching – the thought that white womanhood was in need of protection against black men. Wells challenged this notion as a concealed racist agenda that functioned to keep white men in power over blacks as well as white women. Jacqueline Jones Royster documents the...
In wage gap arguments, for example, people commonly bring up the fact that women make about 70 cents to a man’s dollar (it was 78 cents in 2014), while neglecting that African-American and Hispanic women tend to make even less than 70 cents (“The Simple Truth about the Gender Pay Gap”). This paints the image that all women have the same issues and suffer the same degree of discrimination, which is simply untrue. By sharing individual experiences and stories, non-white and poor women have an opportunity to bring attention to this neglect by liberal feminists. Stories of individual struggle can touch and encourage a group, a room– perhaps even a movement, to stand up against injustice. Surely, by describing her own hardships being enslaved, Sojourner Truth touched audiences and inspired them to take action. She also became a famous speaker and leader of abolitionist and women’s rights movements, which proves the individual can become the political (especially a political collective
During the Civil Rights movement of the 1950's and 60's, women played an undeniably significant role in forging the path against discrimination and oppression. Rosa Parks and Jo Ann Robinson were individual women whose efforts deserve recognition for instigating and coordinating the Montgomery Bus Boycotts of 1955 that would lay precedent for years to come that all people deserved equal treatment despite the color of their skin. The WPC, NAACP, and the Montgomery Churches provided the channels to organize the black public into a group that could not be ignored as well supported the black community throughout the difficult time of the boycott.