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Bureaucracy in public administration
An essay about bureaucracy
Importance of bureaucracy in america
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McDonalds Machine Bureaucracy vs. Failure in various modern Institutional Bureaucracies to achieve their goals: Power Struggles, Inability to plan and anticipate disasters, blaming, and vague roles The bureaucratic failures of the United States Governmental agencies to prevent the 911 terrorist Attacks are a result of poor bureaucratic structure. This problem could be resolved by restructuring to attain a more health bureaucracy. One effective bureaucracy noted was that of the McDonalds Corporation. McDonalds and their machine bureaucracy can be used to address some of the issues faced in the United States Federal, institutional bureaucracies like FEMA, TSA, and Homeland Security. Event 911Terrorist Attack The 911 terrorist attacks resulted in more than 3,000 civilian deaths in New York and Washington (Dye 2008). Commercial airliners with civilian passenger’s were hijacked and flown at high speeds directly into the World Trade Center in New York and the Pentagon in Washington. Televised images of the collapse of New York City’s largest buildings left a lasting impression on Americans. The nation found itself in a new war, the “war on terrorism” with a hidden enemy dedicated to killing as many innocent civilians as possible. Bureaucratic Response: The Development of (DHS) Department Homeland Security and enactment of The Patriot Act: As a measure of reframing the formerly ineffective structure Why as policy makers do we often address a problem incorrectly? Well this mistake is usually in the initial phase of policy making, and that is the problem identification phase. It is too often as policy makers we fail to see the whole picture, and as a result we are unsuccessful in creating policies that address these issues. ... ... middle of paper ... ... putting in place preventative measures to avoid catastrophes like FEMA’s failures during Katrina, failure of governmental agencies to prevent 911, and their failure to effectively address the problem of terrorism with the new found DHS, Department of Homeland Security. References: Bolman, L. G., & Deal, T. E. (2008). Reframing Oranizations: Artistry, Choice, and Leadership (4th ed., pp. 80-83). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center Twentynine Palms > G-7 Mission Assurance Dye, T. R. (2008). Understanding Public Policy (12th ed., pp. 315-331). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson: Prentice Hall. Legislative Requirements and Key Terms: Country Reports on Terrorism. (2007, April 30). In U.S. Department of State: Diplomacy in Action. Retrieved November 30, 2011, from http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/crt/2006/82726.htm
Often, when the discussion of American bureaucracy is broached in conversation, those holding these conversations often think of the many men and women who operate behind the scenes within the government. This same cross section of Americans is looked upon as the real power within the federal government and unlike the other branches of government, has little to no oversight. A search of EBSCO resulted in the following definition, an organization “structure with a rigid hierarchy of personnel, regulated by set rules and procedures” (Bureaucracy, 2007). Max Weber believed that a bureaucracy was technically the most efficient form of organization, one structured around official functions that are bound by rules, each function having its own specified competence (2007). This wide ranging group of Americans has operated within the gaps, behind the scenes, all under the three core branches of government: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The division of government into three branches and separate powers gives each branch both exclusive powers and some additional power...
Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5 directly relates to the National Incident Management System and the National Response Framework. In fact, it directly correlates with their missions. HSPD-5 was the directive that needed to start things in motion; NIMS and the NRF are the aftermath of the directive. With the formation of NIMS and soon after the NRF, America can operate successfully under one national manage...
Casamayou, Maureen. “The Columbia Accident.” Public Administration: Concepts and Cases. Stillman, Richard Joseph. Boston, MA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2010. 105-114.
9/11 was one of the United States biggest disasters. Killing nearly 3,000 people including the 19 hijackers that hijacked the planes that crashed in to the two world trade center towers. Many things could have been done differently on the day of September 11, 2001, that could have saved many lives, including the lives of many fire fighters, NYPD officers, and thousands of civilians. The biggest thing that could have been done to stop the attacks is if airport security was much more advanced and more careful with who got on the planes and what they had on them.
U.S. Department of State. (n.d.). Bureau of Counterterrorism. Retrieved 05 01, 2014, from U.S. Department of State: Diplomacy in Action: http://www.state.gov/j/ct/
The general topic for this literature review will be an examination of the Department of Defense and the National Guard in terms of Homeland Security. The areas of Homeland Defense and Civil Support will be primary subsections of Homeland Security which will be reviewed. For purposes of defining a time period none of the literature reviewed will be prior to September 11, 2001. The reasoning for this being to examine Homeland Defense using literature pertaining to 9/11 and the Boston Marathon Bombing, and Civil Support using literature pertaining to Hurricane Katrina.
The attacks that occurred on 9/11 took place on September 11th, 2001. In this devastating event, four different attacks had taken place. Each of the attacks were carried out by terrorists. The group responsible for the attack was Al-Qaeda, a militant Islamist organization that is known to be global in present day. The group itself has a network consisting of a Sunni Muslim movement that aims to make global Jihad happen. Furthermore, a stateless, multinational army that is ready to move at any given time. This terrorist group focuses on attacking non-Sunni Muslims, those who are not Muslim, and individuals who the group deems to be kafir. Ever since the late 1980s, Al-Qaeda has been wreaking havoc all around the world. The leader of the group once being Osama bin Laden. Three planes were bound for New York City while another plane headed towards Washington, D.C. which was supposed to take out the U.S. Capitol. Two of the airplanes crashed into the World Trade Center. One plane hitting the North Tower and the other hitting the South Tower. The third plane had crashed into the Pentagon taking out the western side of the building. The last and final plane was focused solely on taking out the U.S. Capitol in Washington D.C. but failed due to passengers of the plane coming hijacking it from the hijackers. The passengers attempted to take out the hijackers but sadly failed, crashing it into a field in Pennsylvania. Throughout the content of this paper, we will be focusing on the role of media when it comes to 9/11; more specifically: how the media's coverage of 9/11 manipulated our feelings towards 9/11, how it affected Islamophobia in America, and the lasting effects of 9/11.
September 11, 2001 was one of the most devastating and horrific events in the United States history. Americans feeling of a secure nation had been broken. Over 3,000 people and more than 400 police officers and firefighters were killed during the attacks on The World Trade Center and the Pentagon; in New York City and Washington, D.C. Today the term terrorism is known as the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives (Birzer, Roberson). This term was clearly not defined for the United States for we had partial knowledge and experience with terrorist attacks; until the day September 11, 2001. At that time, President George W. Bush, stated over a televised address from the Oval Office, “Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America. These acts shatter steel, but they cannot dent the steel of American resolve.” President Bush stood by this statement for the United States was about to retaliate and change the face of the criminal justice system for terrorism.
Modern Bureaucracy in the United States serves to administer, gather information, conduct investigations, regulate, and license. Once set up, a bureaucracy is inherently conservative. The reason the bureaucracy was initiated may not continue to exist as a need in the future. The need or reason may change with a change in the times and the culture needs. A bureaucracy tends to make decisions that protect it and further it’s own existence, possibly apart from the wishes of the populace. It may not consistently reflect what might be optimal in terms of the needs and wants of the people. Local governments employ most of the United States civil servants. The 14 cabinet departments in the U.S. are run day-to-day by career civil servants, which have a great deal of discretionary authority.
Historical Significance: The September 11th, 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, orchestrated by Al-Qaeda and Bin Laden, were the events that launched the U.S. War on Terrorism. Al-Qaeda’s attack on the United States was carried out by members of radicalized Islamic groups, whose objective was to spread jihad against the secular influence of the West. This tragic event provided the historical b...
In 1692, one of the most inhumane tragedies occurred in the small village of Salem, Massachusetts. Now infamously recognized as the “Salem Witch Trials,” the trials were based on faulty accusations that charged others of being witches. These accusations resulted in a considerable amount of people being imprisoned and hanged, and it ended with 20 people being killed. 309 years later, four planes were hijacked by terrorists and were set to crash in four important government centers and buildings. Consequently, these attacks resulted in 2,966 deaths and it was the most severe attack ever on American soil. The terrorists were revealed to be Muslims, and that they supposedly did it in the name of “Allah”, which is the Arabic translation for God.
The first area is the Department of Homeland Security’s mission. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) was created in 2002 by the Homeland Security Act. In 2003 the DHS started their operations. The DHS primary responsibilities and objectives includes prevention, protection, and response to issues that threaten national security. There are five core missions that define the DHS: Managing and securing our nation’s borders, strengthening security initiatives to help prevent terrorism, administering and enforcing the nation’s immigration laws, ensuring that the nation can rebound fast and or prevent disasters, and ensuring the internet is secure by instituting safeguards that protect the nation against cyber-attacks. (TWH, 2003)
Traditional public administration is traced back to the works of scholars like Max Weber, Woodrow Wilson and Fredrick Taylor. This form of administration was mostly influenced by Max Weber with his bureaucratic model and theory. Max Weber was a well-known sociologist born in Germany in the year 1864. He came up with his bureaucratic model as a way to try to improve management in organizations. ‘Weber emphasized on top-down control in the form of monocratic hierarchy that is a system of control in which policy is set at the top and carried out through a series of offices, whereby every manager and employee are to report to one person in top management and held accountable by that manager’ (Pfiffner, 2004, p. 1).
Bureaucracy is the response to the problem posed by larger and more complex formal organization because an extensive organization will need a form of order of the ranks or chain of command to coordinate the activities of its members. Bureaucracy provides a hierarchical authority structure that is supposed to operate under certain rules and procedures. Understanding bureaucracy is the key to the analysis of formal organizations. The word “bureaucracy” connotes negative images in everyday speech. It usually brings to mind images of, “red tape” or “buck passing” where the organization requires forms in triplicate; files are often lost, incorrect statements of accounts, and the ...
Politics-Administration Dichotomy essentially has a two part meaning; there are two functions of government for this idea, as the name implies politics, and administration. The argument about the dichotomy between politics and public administration has been around for several years with no overall consensus on why they should be distinct from one another. Looking critically at both sides of the idea, there are ways to demonstrate an accurate presentation of the administrative agencies working and there are also ways they have proved to be inaccurate. There are just as many downfalls to a politicized bureaucracy. There will be more benefits to the politics-administration dichotomy view with the concept put in place by Woodrow Wilson. He simply promotes a clear distinction between politics and administration and supports the idea that they are interdependent of one another, and they require one another for the appropriate balance between democracy and efficiency. The idea of Wilson’s concept will allow agencies to gain the most efficiency through interdependence of politics-administration.