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brief words about congo
brief words about congo
brief words about congo
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In the Congo, there is a group of people who have “chosen to exalt in the pleasure of extravagant clothes they have absolutely no practical reason to wear” (Downey). They are known as Sapeurs, or members of the Societe des Ambianceurs et des Personnes Elegantes (Society of Atmosphere-makers and Elegant People). Because they are “positioned at the epicenter of chaos, poverty and civil war,” it seems illogical for them to dress in such a refined manner (Downey). Despite typically working menial jobs, these gentlemen wear expensive European brands, but they aren’t rich. Sapeurs believe in the “uplifting, redeeming, beautifying effect of dressing well” and are willing to put their hard-earned cash behind that belief, “spending improbably large sums of Central African Francs to buy French crocodile shoes, British sports coats, handmade Italian ties” (Downey). The Sapeurs find delight in saving up their income to purchase Western formal wear; however, these men are not merely interested in the commercialism of haute couture.
The Sapeurs of Congo have taken the highly commercialized industry of fashion and made an art out of it by accompanying their appearance with a cultured lifestyle and placing various meanings behind their image. Sapeurs are inverting the commercial co-opt of culture, seizing fashion and making it their own. They’re undermining consumerism by purchasing Western apparel without the mindset of simply gaining material goods; their image is symbolic and inspires others to persevere in their impoverished country torn by civil war.
Throughout the last century, the concept of a consuming public has emerged worldwide, “defined and developed by individual acquisition and use of mass-produced goods” (Cross 1). Consumerism, “t...
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"Consumerism." Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2013.
Cross, Gary S. An All-consuming Century: Why Commercialism Won in Modern America. N.p.: Columbia UP, 2000. Print.
Downey, Tom. "The Beau Brummels of Brazzaville." The Wall Street Journal. N.p., 29 Sept. 2011. Web. 9 Nov. 2013.
Evancie, Angela. "The Surprising Sartorial Culture Of Congolese 'Sapeurs'" NPR. NPR, 7 May 2013. Web. 09 Nov. 2013.
Gondola, Didier. "Dream and Drama: The Search for Elegance among Congolese Youth." African Studies Review. 1st ed. Vol. 42. N.p.: African Studies Association, 1999. 23-48. Print.
"La SAPE - La Societe Des Ambianceurs Et Personnes Elegantes." Oddity Central Collecting Oddities. N.p., 12 Nov. 2009. Web. 08 Nov. 2013.
Tutton, Mark. "Dedicated Followers of Fashion: Congo's Designer Dandies." CNN. Cable News Network, 13 Feb. 2012. Web. 09 Nov. 2013.
In chapter five of Suitably Modern, Mark Liechty discusses the action of “doing fashion” and how it affects the middle class and consumption in Kathmandu. Chapter five poses the question; what is new and what is not? This concerns the class distinctions and if modernization is actually occurring. The middle class in Kathmandu is claiming its own domain through clothing and ostracizing themselves. The author deems this action as adornment he defines it by stating, “It is used to set individuals and groups apart from some and to signal sameness”. Adornment can be a class distinction but also a gender role distinction. Women practice adornment to be indifferent in their relationships with men. For example women can chose to use flashier make-up which can distinguish a married woman from an unmarried woman. Liechty associates fashion with freedom. Film coming to Kathmandu quickly generated the modernization of fashion and consumption. Films exposed the residents to different types of fashion. Ultimately, the middle class wants its own cultural zone; through fashion and consumption it hopes to completely fit in with one another and still be distinct from other classes.
Clothing style is dictated by three particular interests. First is popular fashion, which was most influenced by either the church or the rulers, as styles were copied from the ruling class, and, as they grew more and more extreme, criticized by the ecclesiastical element. Second is commercial interests. The strong merchant class will always know how to push the richest and most expensive materials into the mode. And thirdly is personal artistic expression. Fashion is dictated by many factors such as geography, time, and social and ethical standards. But superseding these is the influence of strong personalities, the brave people who will don the unthinkable, and in doing so, create the latest trend. Personal expression and creativity will only be found in the bravest, and usuall...
America’s current standard of living is going to cause our demise. Consumerism is a problem throughout Americans culture since mass production began in the late nineteenth century. The obsession with consumerism has led to mindless wastes of resources, a diseased society and economic instability. Rick Wolff, a professor of economics at University of Massachusetts, states “economics of capitalism spread consumerism—now uncontrolled, ecologically harmful, and fiscally disastrous—throughout the United States”. Wolff’s viewpoint on consumerism aligns with mine. Believing that an economy based on promoting endless consumption is volatile and unsustainable. Consumerism can be analyzed and seen to be embedded by corporations and politicians.
Fashion is richly embedded in the history and culture in France. The country is the home of many famous designers, and is credited with creating the concepts haute couture and prêt-à-porter; two core segments of the fashion industry. Today Paris, Milan, London, and New York are the “Big Four” fashion capitals in the world. While France is well known to be the oldest fashion empire in the world, with expansion of the industry, is it still considered the leader?
Fashion in the 21th century is a big business, as its production employs millions of people and generates billions of dollars in revenue. Fashion has for the past century been, and is still today, used as an indicator of social change and progress, as it changes with the social norms of the society and the political changes of the world (Finkelstein 3).
Thesis: With the unregulated practices that goes on in the Fashion Industry, change is one notion that this abusive yet glamorous business have yet to see.
Many people become victims of consumerism, often aspiring to unrealistic heights or being unable to sustain the financial implications of passive consumerism. The difference between essential consumerism and euphoric consumerism is a very fine line that can be easily crossed over if control is not maintained.
Fashion is everything to society and the media. The fashion industry has transformed into a necessity in the life of people. Everyone wants to look good, feel fabulous and feel as if we belong with everyone else. The envy and desire to wear certain things and look a certain way all come, from wearing the latest fashion handbags, accessories, dresses, shoes, and the list goes on. But, when is considering fashion into an individual’s life going too far to the extreme? Many do not consider the whereabouts of fashion materials and how the environment is affected by the mere existence of certain garments. Some may believe these objects grow on trees. But that is clearly not the case. Even though it would be nice. The fashion industry as a whole, has been notorious from green issues caused by their lack of sensitivity to the environment, conspicuous and unnecessary consumption of materials, encouraging an “throw-away” society and image issues that support women and young adults to look a certain way to feel “beautiful.” This is an issue that has increased over the past decades. Not just women, but men also feel the uncontrollable need to do whatever it takes to look like the celebrities they see on television and on the runways. The thought that the materials to make those desired items may have caused the life of animals or the destruction of mother nature does not come into mind. Countless people are concerned about conserving planet Earth and keeping it healthy. The fashion world has been targeted for many corruptions.
Fashion plays an important role in the lives of billions all over the world; people, as part of a status craving society, turn to “fashion capitals” of the world for ways in which to dress and carry themselves. New York, Milan, and Paris are leaders among this fierce industry that the world lusts after. Fashion can speak volumes about ones personality, or also about the condition the world is in at the time. In France, fashion changed rapidly and feverously as the times changed.
On the occasion of the οpening of the Musée Yves Saint Laurent and the publicizing of the Yves Saint Laurent Haute Couture archive this October, it is only fair to dedicate this essay to one of the most controversial, most talented and innovative couturiers in the history of fashion, the man that as Pierre Bergé said: “[…]gave power to women.” (Another Magazine 2017) through his garments, through the identity of the style that he created; a style that is, still to this day, fresh, shocking, empowering and mesmerizing. Yves Henri Donat Mathieu-Saint-Laurent was born on the 1st of August in 1936, just a wear before legendary Elsa Schiaparelli show her groundbreaking ‘Autumn 1937’ Collection, in Oran, Algeria, to a prestigious and
The act of consumption has been the primary means through which individuals in society participate and transform culture. Culture is not something already made which we consume; culture is what society creates through practices of everyday life and consumption involves the making of culture. When attempting to understand certain acts of consumption it is necessary to observe the relations involved in production and consumption. Through technological innovation, the fashion industry has been expanded to play a prominent role in consumers’ purchasing decisions and styles are becoming less difficult to obtain. With the expansion of department stores and shopping being viewed as a leisurely activity, this has continued to transform the act of fashion consumerism. The functional interests feature a rational attachment to clothing items. Symbolic benefits involve status and prestige to fulfill the achievement for positive self-esteem. Further benefits include a provided experience for the individual consumer and the created use of imagery and desire used to enrich one’s life.
Sassatelli, R. (2007). Consumer Culture: History, Theory and Politics, London: Sage, Page 30, Page 126, Page 132, Page 133
In this essay I will argue that, South Africa no longer needs to look to the rest of the world for fashion inspiration. We have a rich culture and historical background which is the main influence of our current fashion and we wear it proudly. The essay will be structured in the form of an argument that will present evidence for the above claim and also present a counter argument outlining objections to the main claim.
According to Slater (1997), Consumer Culture is the culture of market societies and is defined though market relations. It predominantly is the product of capitalism. He believes that this new culture is a pecuniary culture based on money. The central claim is that the values from the realm of consumption will spill over into other domains of social action. He further argues that Consumer Culture is in principle, universal and impersonal. He simultaneously agues, that there is an ultior claim towards this definition, as although it seems universal and is depicted as a land of freedom, in which everyone can be a consumer, it is also felt to be universal because everybody must be a consumer. ...
To begin with, I shall look at what fashion is; it is a currently popular style or practice involving clothing, footwear or accessories. It mostly refers to the current trends in looks and dressing style of a person (Cumming 234). In most cases, fashion is confusedly related to costumes; when a person talks of fashion they are seen to mean fashion in terms of textile. Fashion is seen to originate from the Western world and it is copied by other places. In this paper, we shall look at how fashion affects lifestyles and the group of people who are affected most. The paper further investigates how media is used to transmit fashion from one region to the other. Although it has been seen to affect people’s lives many people have different perspectives on fashion and dressing.