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Financial intermediation-theories
financial intermediation
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1. What are the economic functions financial intermediaries perform?
Financial intermediaries provide two important advantages to savers. First, intermediaries provide many loans, so the few that fall short do not impact as much as a the loss faced by an individual with few loans. They provide a platform to incur less risk to each individual. Another reason financial intermediaries reduce risk is that by making many loans, they learn how to better predict which of the people who want to borrow money will be able to repay. Someone who does not specialize in this lending may be a poor judge of which loans are worth making and which are not, though even a specialist will make some mistakes. A second advantage of using a financial intermediary is they have the ability to convert assets into liquid (useable) money. Although the intermediary may use its funds to make illiquid loans, its size allows it to hold some funds idle as cash to provide liquidity to individual depositors.
Financial intermediaries help large numbers of people to use financial markets with a minimal amount of risk involved. Although these intermediaries are important in the macroeconomic functioning of the economy, they are usually stable and change only slowly.
2. What is the role of broker in the financial market?
Futures brokers have different licensing requirements and training than stockbrokers. A futures broker must have a Series 3 license, while a stockbroker is required to have a Series 7 license. Some brokers are dually licensed, so they can broker both kinds of financial instruments. The principles for selecting any broker are the same: know what your trading goals are, and look for the right fit.
Before you can make a trade in the futures or options on futures markets, you must open an account through a licensed Series 3 commodity brokerage representative.
It is generally believed that the broker serves only as an intermediary in securities trading, with commissions as his return. In fact, however, for this commission, the broker has to be responsible to their clients for accuracy, starting from opening the trading account until completing clearing and settlement. In order to receive their commission, a broker is responsible for carrying out and executing securities trading efficiently, delivering the securities payment to the seller and passing the scrip to the buyer on time, and providing the securities depository services and ensuring that the client's securities trading account is always correct.
Although only required to discuss two associations this writer thought it was important to discuss the SEC as they are directly connected to FINRA in that they take litigation cases, and fraud cases from FINRA and follows up on whether any security laws or criminal laws were broken. Once they investigate the wrong doing they proceed with the corrective action that best suits the offense not excluding criminal prosecution and jail time. According to the Securities and Exchange Commission (2014) website the mission of the SEC is to “protect investors, maintain fair, orderly, and efficient markets, and facilitate capital formation”. The SEC was created to ensure that all investors big or small have a fair and unbiased account of a companies transactions and current state of affairs.
In 1850, the Lehman bros. and Richard s. fuld jr. started their business of small buying and selling cotton shop. With the pace of time their business and their ambitions grew up, and opened the Futures trading venture in US. With efforts the firm moved to dealing of commodities with merchant banking. The success of bank was up to at mark.
According to Entrepreneur magazine, there are legal requirements for anyone who starts a brokerage business. For example, all new freight brokers must register with the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA). This involves filing forms, paying fees, designating legal agents and getting a $75,000 bond or trust fund. In addition to this, a small business owner will need to
Currently, there are no educational barriers to becoming a real estate broker or agent. Although, it is recommended that one at least have a high school diploma or equivalent. In recent years, there are a growing number of young brokers entering the field, about 70%, have obtained bachelor’s degrees or have some college education. Although no formal higher education is required, having a college education in a business related field makes becoming acclimated to the work much easier. “College courses in psychology, economics, sociology, marketing, finance, business administration, architecture, and engineering are helpful.”(Top 100)
Stock markets are markets where government and industries can raise long term capital and where investors can buy and sell securities. Stock markets are established for the purpose of assisting, regulating and controlling business of buying, selling and dealing in securities. They provide a market for the trading of securities to individuals and organizations seeking to invest their saving or excess funds through the purchase of securities. Stock markets play a role in the supervision of trading to ensure fairness and efficiency. Stock markets perform an important role in making sure that there is fair pricing in the market. The mechanism of the stock market enables buyers and sellers of securities, to receive the best price possible for a particular stock. There are several roles and func...
This is critical for various reasons. The most obvious one is that honesty is indeed the best policy. If you try to low-ball the broker it’s unlikely that it will be effective because he or she is an industry expert. It’s another reason why you should definitely be as honest as possible.
The financial manager is responsible for giving financial advice and support to clients and colleagues that will enable them to make good business decisions. Particular work environments differ considerable and involve both public and private sector organizations such as retailers, corporations, financial institutions, charities, and even small manufacturing companies and schools (Financial Manager, 2011).
In the modern time, the competitive business world seems to be more serious than previously. The main aim of business strategy is creating the benefit in trade and also reducing some of its limitations. Furthermore, another strategy that is applied to the modern business world is to link the economic globalization such as in order to become a listed company on the stock market. We can see lots of advantages by listed companies compared to private companies such as financial stability or are more opportunities to do business. It is an absolutely interesting that the top biggest companies in the world, (by top 100 companies) are all listed on the Stock Market, such as Wal-mart stores the biggest companies by 2010 (Fortune global 500, 2010) listed on The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and also The London Stock Exchange (FTSE), Toyota Motor Corporation, fifth of ranking by 2010 listed on The Tokyo Stock Exchange, (NIKKEI), also listed on NYSE and FTSE.
The first step to being a broker is getting a job. There are many ways to apply such as filling out a form online or going in personally. Either way it should be relatively easy to get a job since how the economy is always moving and people are constantly trading stock. When you start out as a broker you can be called a Jr. Stockbroker. A typical day could very greatly on several factors including the economy and how much experience you have. For a beginner a day would probably consist of mostly shadowing or doing small work for a Sr. broker who agrees to train you. Once your trainer feels you are ready he may let you work some of his clients letting you earn a percent of what you earn.
Business brokers. Very few people know about the profession of business brokerage, but it is not very known or well discussed. However, only few people know that it is a necessity in the business world. A broker deals with the aspect of buying and selling a business, which leads to going through many processes to achieve that goal. Another way to look at business brokers is to think of them as realtors, but instead of working with homes, such as working with businesses. A business broker interacts with the seller (owner) and buyer (other companies). The main functions of a business broker are to act as a middleman between the buyer and the seller. Hence, the broker will protect your business by putting a value on your business, looking for
To many a metaphor for a semi-real place where fortunes are made and lost, Wall Street is actually a very real place with a very rich history. Among investors, “Wall Street” refers to the collective set of financial institutions in New York City including stock exchanges, banks, brokerages, commodity markets, money markets, hedge funds, etc.[1] These institutions buy and sell securities in capital markets. Securities are contracts, to borrow money or fund a company for a stake in its ownership for example, that can be traded at a price. Capital markets are the markets, like stock exchanges, where these securities are traded. Generally, companies need money to produce what they sell and investors have this money. Securities are instruments which get this money from investors to companies efficiently.[2]
The stock market is an essential part of a free-market economy, such as America’s. This is because it provides companies the capital they need in exchange for giving away small parts of ownership in their company to investors. The stock market works by letting different companies sell stocks to gain capital, meaning they sell shares of their company through an exchange system in order to make more money. Stocks represent a small amount of ownership in a company. The more stocks a person owns, the more ownership they have of that company. Stocks also represent shares in a company, which are equal parts in which the company’s capital is divided, entitling a shareholder to a portion of the company’s profits. Lastly, all of the buying and selling of stocks happens at an exchange. An exchange is a system or market in which stocks can be bought and sold within or between countries. All of these aspects together create the stock market.
Never have I ever climbed a mountain peak. As a child, I imagined myself conducting expeditions in deep-frozen pathways, leading amateur explorers to the top of the world, and instructing rookies in surviving harsh blizzards. Even though slightly altered, my childhood dream has been achieved. I led a team of fellow classmates, in my Strategic Management course, to the success summit of a financial competition. Over the course of a semester, I and my teammates were supposed to create and manage a company of the IT industry, in a computer-simulated environment, along with other four rival teams. I dealt with strategy and financial matters of our virtual enterprise, while my colleagues were working on marketing and manufacturing. During the four months of the exercise, I have experienced finance from various aspects: capital budgeting, through selecting favorable investment for upcoming quarters; debt management, by assessing the necessary amount and efficiency of loans; profitability analysis and dividend policy, which had been used to compile the company’s general performance index. Working in a multinational team, which included an American, a Norwegian and a Moldovan, strengthen my negotiations skills, as well as flexibility and cooperation. But above all, this experience intensified my passion for finance. Of course, a pleasant bonus was the fact that, in the end, our company’s financial performance was six times the performance of second-best team.
...ower to wait a year or before to start to make the repayment. Somehow, some loans can be repaid at the end of the period instead of instalments. Besides, security, for example some assets and the properties of the business, is needed for the bank loan. There are three advantages in the bank loan. First, the timing and the amount of the repayment is known when getting the bank loan, so it is quite easy to budget. Second, there is also a repayment holiday, so the repayment schedule is quite flexibility. Third, the interest rates can be discussed and it can be lower than the overdraft. However, it is because the business loan is a long-term commitment, which is needed to service and this will be to high interest rate. Besides, security such as the house of the business owner is needed and this will not be good to the owner if the business is failed. (Cox, Fardon, 2009)
As compensation they charge a fee for this agreement. Agent and Brokers also differ from a merchant wholesaler because they do not own goods and services that they buy and sell. Agents works closely with buyers and sellers with more lasting businesses (Kotler & Keller, 2012). An example of an agent with this representation is a real estate agent who enters into a contract to sell a house or business to a consumer. The relationship exists until the need is met and at this point the agent collects a pre-determined