Some of the first Filipinos to come to Hawai‘i were the sakadas or contract laborers who arrived in 1906 to work on the sugar plantations. Since then, Filipinos became the state’s fastest growing ethnic minority. The primary reasons for the Filipinos’ rapid growth are “continuous immigration from the Philippines and high birth rates in the Filipino community.” Annually, about 3,500 immigrants come to Hawai‘i from the Philippines, most of whom are children (“A Brief History”). About 25.1% of the state of Hawai‘i’s population, which is about 342,095 people, are of Filipino descent (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). The three most significant groups of Filipinos in Hawai‘i are Ilokanos (also spelled “Ilocano”) who come from Northern Luzon in the Philippines, Visayans who come from the southern Philippines, and Tagalogs. Of these three groups, Ilokanos are the most numerous making up at least 85% of Filipinos in Hawai‘i (“A Brief History”).
With a large number of Filipinos in Hawai‘i, it is important to know how to communicate with them. One of the national languages of the Philippines is Filipino, which is based on Tagalog. However, Ilokano speakers are the majority of Hawai‘i’s Filipinos (“A Brief History”). Ilokano language courses are offered in some of the University of Hawai‘i campuses, and the only public school in the United States that offers Ilokano courses is Farrington High School on O‘ahu (U.H. Mānoa 10). Ilokano language courses should be made available in public schools in Hawai‘i so all students can have an opportunity to learn Ilokano. Offering Ilokano language courses in Hawai‘i’s public schools will teach students a skill that will be useful in Hawaiian society, help increase academic interest and success of ...
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...pine Studies. Web. 20 Oct. 2011.
Nadal, Kevin L. Filipino American Psychology: A Handbook of Theory, Research, and Clinical Practice. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2011. 9, 21. Print.
Tanji, Melissa. "Students From Michigan Interview Maui Sakadas." The Maui News. The Maui News, 7 June 2006. Web. 30 Nov. 2011.
University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. Requesting the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa And The Department Of Education To Develop, Offer and Expand Philippine Language Courses. Rep. University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. Web. 13 Nov. 2011.
U.S. Census Bureau. "Island of Maui Filipino Population by Census Tracts: 2010 (Race Alone or in Combination)." Map. Hawaii.gov. Hawaii State Office of Planning. Web. 20 Oct. 2011.
Zialcita, Fernando N. Authentic Though Not Exotic: Essays on Filipino Identity. Quezon City, Philippines: Anteneo De Manila UP, 2005. 8-9, 25. Print.
The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures shares the journey of cultural illiteracy from the Hmong and American side. Fadiman states, “In 1995, for the first time, the national guidelines for training psychiatry residents stipulated that they learn to assess cultural influences on their patients’ problems,” (Fadiman 270). Though the unfortunate events that occurred were definitely able to avoid now, at the time, there was no standard set of actions and procedures to take in order to provide the best health care to different cultures. Fadiman truly succeeded in showing the reader that good intentions and compassion must be weighed more heavily when analyzing events and the consequences must be met with an objective eye.
Hays, P. A. (2008). Addressing cultural complexities in practice: Assessment, diagnosis, and therapy (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Dr. Stanley Sue is an Asian American clinical psychologist whose research focus is on Asian American minorities. Dr. Sue was born in Portland, Oregon and was the third of six children to his Chinese immigrant parents. As a child “his first career ambition was to repair televisions, but soon he got bored with shop classes. Then, he developed great fascination with psychotherapy and the idea of helping emotionally disturbed individuals (Rockwell 2001).” Dr. Sue recalled, “I told my parents that I wanted to become a clinical psychologist, not fully knowing what a clinical psychologists did (Rockwell 2001).” He also remembered what his father said and thought after making this declaration: “My father, who was born in China, said, ‘What is that?’ He couldn’t believe that people would pay me to listen to their problems – indeed, he wondered if I could make a decent living (Rockwell 2001).”
Theme three focuses on the Filipinos use of culture as a resistance or domination. In this context, Filipino culture and tradition is used as a method of maintain Filipino identity while resisting assimilation into the concept of ‘whiteness’. Specifically speaking, Filipino culture is used as a tool to point out the flaws they see in American culture. Additionally, it is a tool they use to steer their children away from the temptation of acting in a way that American culture is said to act; that is,
Trickett, E, & Jones, C. (2007). Adolescent culture brokering and family functioning: a study of families from vietnam. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 13(2), 143-150.
Inouye, Dan. (2000, September 14). “U.S. Relationship with Native Hawaiians.” FDCH Congressional Testimony. Online source: Academic Search Elite. [10/25/00]
Dual language is a form of education in which students are taught to read and write in two languages. The majority of dual language programs in the United States teach in English and Spanish, although there are emerging programs that teach in Mandarin, Japanese and Hindi. The programs start of mostly in kindergarten sand 1st grade and continue throughout primary education, in addition some dual language programs depending on the grade continue through middle and high school. Even Hayward’s own Burbank elementary and Winton middle school are offering dual language programs. Each level of teaching uses a different language ratio in which class is instructed the classes start off with a 90:10 ration and later as years pass the ration becomes a steady 50:50 (Lindholm-Leary, Kathryn J,2001). The goals of dual language immersion programs are to get children to become both bi-literate and bilingual, in other words, they will be able to speak and write fluently in two different languages. Dual language programs are becoming more and more common most of them are in public school but there are some beginning to become present private and charter schools. Dual language education should be introduced in all elementary schools beginning in the Kindergarten to boost achievement for English language learners, benefits it will bring to the community, outstanding brain benefits and lastly cost efficiency in education across the United States.
Adamnski, Mary. “Korean Immigration to Hawaii at a Glance .” The Honolulu Star Bulletin. 12 Jan. 2003. 22. Nov. 2003.
Morishima, James, K. "The Evacuation: Impact on the Family." Asian- Americans Psychological Perspectives. Ed. Stanley Sue, Ph.D., Nathaniel N. Wagner, Ph.D. California: Science and Behavior Books, Inc., 1973. 13- 19.
“By 2050, it is [predicted] that half of the world will be more or less proficient in [English].” (Gerdes 37). Being an Asian-American, specifically Hmong in the United States, there has been a rise in the usage of English rather than our native language Hmong among the new generation; those who were born in the United States. Many are not fluent in Hmong, without keeping the language, elders are unable to pass down their knowledge of the Hmong culture to their children.
...n language and the development of literacy. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 13(2), 175-186. doi: 10.1080/13670050903474085
Lee, Peter . 2000. "The conception of depression in Chinese American college students." Cultural Diversity and Ethnic minority Psychology 6: 183-195.
The Filipinos’ nationalism was a flame burning so passionately that one would feel the courage and fervour that once flowed in the veins of the Spartans. Each one was self-sacrificing enough and willing to share everything he has to everyone, having the ability to be calm at gruelling times and the ability to serve with no boundaries.
Alienation in the host country is what unites OFWs, a shared history of colonial and racial subordination, marginalization, and struggles for cultural survival through heterogeneous forms of resistance and political rebellion. This is what may replace the nonexistent nation/homeland, absent the political self-determination of the Filipino people. (San Juan 118)
Ever since I was a young boy, I have always wondered about my heritage. I wondered why so many words in Tagalog were the same in Spanish. The mystery of my heritage drew me spurred me to try to learn more. I have always wondered where this country, “Philippines”, came from because the Philippines is so diverse with different people having different customs from others. Then in one of my social studies classes, our teacher taught us about the Philippine Revolution. I learned about how Spain had conquered Philippines for hundreds of years and the Filipino natives were growing tired of their oppressive rule. I only learned a little because it was such a short section. It was at this time that I knew I wanted to learn ...