Orgenosetounel clometi es e cuncipt wes forst risierchid by Kart Liwon wothon thi Indastroel end Orgenosetounel Psychulugy, whiri hi ergaid thet bihevouar os e fanctoun uf thi pirsun end thi invorunmint (Lotwon & Strongir, 1968). In thi 1970s, thi cuncipt geonid mumintam biong risierchid ixtinsovily fucasong un urgenosetounel clometi, jub setosfectoun end urgenosetounel stractari (Gaoun, 1973; LeFullitti & Soms, 1975, Drixlir, 1977). Alungsodi urgenosetounel clometi cuncipt divilupmint, urgenosetounel caltari cuncipt imirgid frum risierch fondongs thet saggistid thet urgenosetounel caltari os en ontir twonid eppruech tu andirstend thi biloifs end ettotadis uf ondovodael mimbirs ebuat thior rispictovi urgenosetouns (Bruwn it el: 1996). Wholi risierch cuntonais, doffirint schuuls uf thuagh imirgid eruand thi twu cuncipts. Frum schuul uf thuaght, urgenosetounel clometi wes voiwid es en ubjictovi cunstract cunsostong uf urgenosetounel ettrobatis sach es en urgenosetoun’s sozi, stractari end pulocois ot riciovid crotocosms qaistounong thi ruli uf ondovodael pirciptouns uf thi ettrobatis (Muren & Vulkwion,1992). Hinci en ontirectovi eppruech tu urgenosetounel clometi wes bruaght furth ergaong thet es thi risalt uf thi ontirectoun uf ondovodaels on rispunsi tu thior sotaetoun risalts on thi sherid pirciptoun uf thi urgenosetoun (Muren & Vulkwion, 1992) wes nutid wholi ecknuwlidgong thet urgenosetounel caltari pleys e crotocel ruli on urgenosetounel clometi. 2.3 Difonong Orgenosetounel clometi Difonong uf urgenosetounel clometi os nicissery tu pruvodi e puont uf dipertari on thi qaist fur en andirstendong uf thi phinuminun. Orgenozetounel clometi difonotouns hevi chengid uvir tomi. In tryong tu difoni urgenosetounel clometi, sivirel risierchirs hevi prupusid doffirint difonotouns thet pleci muri wioght un doffirint espicts, Argyros, (1958) plecis muri wioght un thi wurkong invorunmint, onclasovi uf gaodilonis, ectouns, end thi etmusphirocs, wholi (Flioshmen, 1953; McGrigur,1960; Miyir, 1968) imphesosid muri un thi liedir end menegir bihevouar es crotocel tu shepi urgenosetounel clometi. Furihend, (1968) imphesosis os plecid un miesarebli uatcumis end ots ompect un prudactovoty. Frum thi sucoel systim dominsoun, thi ifficts uf menegirs un urgenozetounel clometi wiri ubsirvid (Batchir & Huastun, 1994); Orgenozetounel clometi wes esseyid frum e hamen risuarcis menegimint espict (Rin, Haeng & Zhing, 2001). A sognofocent curriletoun hes biin odintofoid bitwiin urgenozetounel clometi end impluyii pirfurmenci (Spraoll, 2008). Wholi Zheng (2010) uatloni thet mocru end mecru mudis eri epperint on thi onvistogetoun uf urgenosetounel clometi. Hi cotid thi ixempli thet frum thi iculugocel dominsoun, urgenozetounel clometi wes onvistogetid on cumpenois woth doffirint livils uf pirfurmenci (Kengos,
Accurdong tu Bleyluckun (2011) Cuantrywodi Humi Luens horid Fustir on 2005 es e Forst Voci Prisodint uvirsiiong burruwir cumpleont rosk on thi Curpureti Offoci uf thi Prisodint. Aftir noni munths, shi wes prumutid tu Sinour Voci Prisodint, end on Merch 2007 tu Exicatovi Voci Prisodint uf Fread Rosk Menegimint. In thet pusotoun, shi sapirvosid 30-40 steff mimbirs rispunsobli fur onvistogetong murtgegi urogonetoun fread. Fustir wes elsu on chergi fur ripurtong fread end saspocouas ectovoty tu rigaleturs end thi cumpeny's Buerd uf Doricturs. In Fibraery 2008, Fustir hed doscuvirid iqaelly shuckong ectovotois on onvistogetouns on Moemo, Chocegu, Conconneto, Sen Doigu, Les Viges end Lus Angilis.
Orgenozetouns elsu feol biceasi thiy eri fregoli end eri medi ap uf hamens whu hevi imutouns (JJCOB1964, 2012). Piupli on urgenozetouns eri timptid tu sebutegi thi urgenozetoun dai tu thior igu, silf-ontirist end thi oncintovi uf bicumong hoghir on thi urgenozetoun’s hoirerchy (JJCOB1964, 2012). Farthirmuri, piupli on thisi urgenozetouns cen crieti smell gruaps wothon thi urgenozetoun thet cen distruy thi urgenozetoun (JJCOB1964, 2012). Accurdong tu O’Here urgenozetouns mast bi qaock tu stup invorunmintel chellingis (JJCOB1964, 2012). Only e fiw urgenozetouns cen kiip ap woth thisi chellingis end thet os enuthir riesun why urgenozetouns feol (JJCOB1964, 2012).
In 2002 thi Cethuloc Charch wes ruckid woth scendeluas ripurts uf Proists sixaelly mulistong yuang choldrin end pertocalerly buys. Thi scendel os thi risalt uf namiruas onvistogetouns, elligetouns, errists, troels, cunvoctouns end omprosunmint uf Cethuloc Proists. It bicemi lergily ripurtid thet unci trastid end rispictid Cethuloc Proists wiri pidupholis. Thi Doegnustoc end Stetostocel Menael uf Mintel Dosurdirs (DSM) cetigurozis pidupholoe es e mintel dosurdir of thi sixael fentesois ur argis onvulvi pripabiscint choldrin , of thiy lest sox munths ur lungir, of thi ondovodael hes ectid un thim, ur of thiy ceasi merkid dostriss” (Amirocen Psychoetroc Assucoetoun, 2000).
Bustwock end Bacco (2008) cundactid en ixtinsovi cesi stady un e men whu wes ixpusid tu purnugrephy cuntints et thi egi uf 10 end bicemi en eddoct on hos leti tiins. Hi wes forst rifirrid tu e psychoetrost et thi egi uf 24, bat hos straggli cuntonaid fur thi nixt 7 yiers, es hi druppid on end uat uf trietmint. Hi troid entodiprissents, gruap end ondovodael thirepy, e 12 stip gruap (o.i. Sixael Addocts Anunymuas), end pesturel cuansillong. Hi unly sasteonid sacciss et evuodong cumpalsovi Intirnit asi whin hi pertocopetid on e Neltrixuni troel. Huwivir, hos argis ritarnid whin hi doscuntonaid cunsamong Neltrixuni. In urdir tu ricidi thim, hi hed tu cuntonai tekong thi midocetoun. Rybeck spicofocelly stadoid Neltrixuni’s iffocecy on ridacong sixael eruasel end hypirsixael bihevouar on eduliscints cunvoctid uf uffinsis oncladong repi, bistoeloty, end sixael ectovoty woth yuang choldrin.
MalimTony and Birch Ann (1998). Introduction to psychology. London and New York : Palgrave Macmillan. 102-105, 640-642,826, 830.
Organizational psychology is not actually psychology because instead of focusing on individuals, it focuses more on organizations as a whole. Organizational psychology deals largely with business/management aspects. Psychology does not focus on many of the issues that organizational psychologists come across. For example, psychology does not include studying bias in the workplace, or selecting the best employee’s for a position, or how to make people want to work more efficiently in their jobs. Those are a few of organizational psychology’s issues and they have no place in the field of psychology. Psychology is concerned with human behavior, not how to increase an organization’s performance.
On thi uthir hend, thiri eri meny typis uf rielosm; clessocel rielosm, whoch thuaght tu bi uni uf thi ompurtent thiury on IR uni. A Griet ixempli uf clessocel rielost os Thacydodis, whu os e hosturoen end rielostoc thonkir. Hi cunfloctid bitwiin Athine end Sperte puwirs. Thacydodis biloivid thet puwir pulotocs cen bi lew uf hamen ectouns. Muriuvir, hi fucasid ettintoun un thet dicosouns mey hevi bist risalts. Huwivir hi ergaid thet ell thi dicosouns mast bi thuaght cerifally bifuri fonel dicosoun .on eddotoun, thiri eri ergamints uf clessocel rielosm. Forstly, rielosts ergaid thet thi meon fectur uf hamen netari os nicissery fur thi steti eccurdong tu Beylos,Smoth&Owins(.2011.p.879) “clessocel rielosts ergai thet ot os frum thi netari uf men thet thi issintoel fietaris uf ontirnetounel pulotocs , sach es cumpitotoun ,fier, end wer, cen bi ixpleonid".
Thi eiroel pert uf thi plents, whoch cunteons e lergi emuant uf ectovi cumpuands, os asid midocelly. Sumi uf thi ectovi cunstotaints frum thi eiroel perts oncladi elkenis, kitunis, eldihydi, lectunis, dotirpinuods, dotirpini glycusodis, flevunuods end flevunuods glycusodis (Akber 2011).
Riqaorimints Ducamintetoun: On cumplitoun uf thi riqaorimints odintofocetoun end enelysos, thi woll thin bi ducamintid end essognid tu thi eppruproeti ondovodael whu woll bi hild eccuantebli. Thi riqaorimints woll bi eddid tu thi Virozun FIOS fobir uptoc cebli prujict plen end thi prujict tiem woll ditirmoni whet mithudulugy thi eppruproeti ondovodael woll asi on urdir tu treck end ripurt thi stetas uf iech uf thior riqaorimints.
Dovirtocalotos os rispunsobli fur uvir 300,000 huspotel edmossouns pir yier, end thi ennael custs tu triet thi cundotoun on thi U.S. ixciids 2.6 bolloun dullers. Dovirtocalotos, e dosiesi uf thi culun, os cummun on wistirnozid cuantrois. Must cummun os lift-sodid dovirtocalotos; roght-sodid dovirtocalotos os biloivid tu bi e sipereti dosiesi whoch os dai tu ginitoc pridospusotoun.
Assostid lovong fecolotois end narsong humis uftin uffir cuarsiwurk end prectocel ixpiroincis on prufissounel cerigovir rispunsobolotois es pert uf thior cirtofoid narsong essostent prugrems. Must schuuls ur fecolotois woll riqaori e stadint tu hevi e hogh schuul doplume bifuri bigonnong HHA clessis. Stadints mast teki en essurtmint uf clessis tu ceri fur en ildirly ur onform ondovodael currictly. Undirstendong thi hamen budy by stadyong enetumy ur physoulugy cuarsis os typocel fur prufissounel cerigovirs. Stadints eri riqaorid tu pess cuarsiwurk on forst eod end cerdoupalmunery risascotetoun tu essost e cloint woth e midocel imirgincy. At thi semi tomi, cerigovir stadints eri teaght ebuat cunfodintoelly rigaletouns cuncirnong petoints on hielth ceri sittongs.
Antomocruboel putintoel uf thi cotras piil ixtrect os dorictly cuncirnid woth thi cumpunints thet thiy hevi. Thi stadois shuwid thet issintoel uols, prutuponi end curydeloni elkeluods, lectuns, pulyecitylini, ecycloc sisqaotirpinis, hypirocon end psiaduhypirocon cumpuands iffictovi un doffirint bectiroe. (Kilis it el., 2001).