Literature Review
Hazing has been a long time issue that dates back to Plato and Martin Luther. There are many forms to the act, and all have been recognized. However, what about the effects that hazing has mentally on these young adults? The question I would like to pose is: How do the effects of hazing compare to Stockholm syndrome? Let us first describe what both hazing and Stockholm syndrome is so that the effects can be better understood.
Hazing is the imposition of strenuous, often humiliating, tasks as part of a program of rigorous physical training and initiation or forcing someone to do humiliating and sometimes dangerous initiation rituals, especially as imposed on college students seeking membership to a fraternity or sorority (Oxford Dictionary. 2014).
Stockholm syndrome refers to a group of psychological symptoms that occur in some persons in a captive or hostage situation. The term takes its name from a bank robbery in Stockholm, Sweden, in August 1973. The robber took four employees of the bank into the vault with him and kept them hostage for 131 hours. After the employees were finally released, they appeared to have formed an illogical emotional bond with their captor; they told reporters that they saw the police as their enemy rather than the bank robber, and that they had positive feelings toward the criminal. The syndrome was first named by Nils Bejerot (Stockholm syndrome. 2014).
The effects that hazing has on young adults however, may not always be as clear as the acts themselves. One study conducted by Caroline Keating, Jason Pomerantz, Stacy Pommer, Samantha Ritt, Lauren Miller, and Julie McCormick entitled “Going to College and Unpacking Hazing: A Functional Approach to Decrypting Initiation Prac...
... middle of paper ...
...oing to College and Unpacking Hazing: A Functional Approach to
Decrypting Initiation Practices Among Undergraduates." Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice 9.2 (2005): 104.
Maxwell, Tracy. "The Hidden Harm of Hazing: Shame. “N.p., N.d., 24 Apr. 2014
Mercuro, Anne, Samantha Merritt, and Amanda Fiumefreddo. "The Effects of Hazing on
Student Self-Esteem: Study of Hazing Practices in Greek Organizations in a State
College." Ramapo Journal of Law & Societ. Ramapo College of New Jersey, 6 Mar. 2014. Web. 23 Apr. 2014.
Nuwer, Hank. "Understanding Fraternity Hazing." The Hazing Reader. Bloomington: Indiana
University, 2004. 1-13. Print.
"Stockholm syndrome." TheFreeDictionary.com. Farlex Inc., 2014. Web. 24 Apr. 2014.
Turner, James T. "Factors influencing the development of the hostage identification syndrome."
Political Psychology (1985): 705-711.
Stockholm syndrome is a phenomenon in which hostages begin to empathize and sympathize with their captor. They begin to have positive feelings for their captor and even sometimes to the point that that the victim will refuse to even testify against their captor. This has also been called Capture bonding. The phenomenon got its name after a 1972 bank robbery, where employees had been held hostage for 6 days. The hostages ultimately ended up bonding with the bank robbers, and resisted recue. They also refused to testify, and raised money for their captor’s defense.
The overwhelming majority of hazing deaths are attributed to fraternities not sororities, but sorority pledges ares till susceptible to just as much abuse, just less likely to die from it. Arguably the social construct part of the bystander effect differs from male to female. Unlike males feamles are generally not rewarded for violence which explains some of the hazing deaths in which rough housing goes to far plus alchol. Females generally are known for proudly bradishing their emotions. Additonally feamles are more likely to vocalize their hurt or discomfort.
...Streeter 275. Courtesy of the Tarlton Law Library, Jamail Center for Legal Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 2013. Web. 3 February 2014.
The term stockholm syndrome originates from the incident at Kreditbanken bank in Stockholm, Sweden, in 1973. Two robbers broke into the bank, killed the police, and took four hostages. During the next six days, the hostages were trapped in a bank vault (often at gunpoint) and was strapped with bombs. However, what surprised the police was when they tried to rescue them, the hostages fended them off and defended their captors instead. Even after they’ve been freed, one of the hostages helped supported those robbers financially and thus, the term “Stockholm Syndrome” was created.
Hazing is defined as “any activity expected of someone joining a group that humiliates, degrades, abuses or endangers, regardless of the person’s willingness to participate.” (Rosner & Crow, p. ). While most states have enacted anti-hazing legislation criminalizing the act of hazing, the application of these statutes is still quite rare. Id. at 277. Most lawsuits filed for reported hazing incidents are still reviewed under federal law claims ...
The Avalon Project at the Yale Law School. Ed. Fray, William C. April 2000. Yale University. 1 May 2000. (http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/wilson14.html)
Through the use of film, Fogel (2013) examines the “serious social problems that exist within and surrounding Canadian ice hockey” (P.65). Fogel examines the films of Goon (2011), Youngblood (1986), Playing with Fire (2011), Our Guys (1999) and Gross Misconduct (1993) to illustrate the major “social problems of violence, hazing, sexual assault, and drug use in hockey” (Fogel, 2014, p.64). Fogel uses the film Goon (2011) to illustrate the on-ice violence in a comical fashion. Fogel connects instances which have close comparisons of real life on-ice violence, however spun in an entertaining way for viewers. Fogel continues his article with highlighting the use of hazing within hockey as well as connecting to the theme of violence. Using the film Youngblood, Fogel uses the film to illustrate hazing rituals in which have become a common practice within the male hockey game. Fogel (2014) defines hazing as rookie players (who) are forced into non-consensual sexual acts that are aimed to be humiliating and potentially quite painful. Again, Fogel uses real life cases to illustrate how hazing is occurring in Canada and a case as recent as 2011 with a hockey team in Manitoba. With hazing and
Hazing has become a dominant theme on college campuses, military installations, schools, and organizations across America today. The purpose of this essay is to discuss the long term consequences of the affect of hazing and to explain groupthink phenomenon. Firstly the term hazing should be defined to effectively evaluate these affects. West Virginia’s legal definition of hazing is
Often, when one hears about fraternities or sororities on the news, the program has to do with hazing and a death or injury that it has caused an innoce...
Oct 1993. Retrieved November 18, 2010. Vol. 79. 134 pages (Document ID: 0747-0088) Published by American Bar Association
The aforementioned are example of student trauma, that can lead to further bad behavior and many harshly repeated reprimands targeted toward so-called problem students, for minor infractions that use mean a visit to the principal’s office or staying after
... found that the longer the victims are held in captivity, the less probable they are of recovering from the condition. My findings are imperative not only for Stockholm syndrome sufferers, but for the general public as it can assist them to understand the concepts of the condition. By understanding the condition and gaining knowledge about why it occurs, we can help suffers overcome the syndrome quickly and effectively. Having the community understand this rare phenomenon will show the victims how much support they have behind them, thus enabling them to be accepting of any treatment. I wanted to help others understand the causes of Stockholm syndrome so that together we can help victims suffering from the disorder. The pamphlet takes what I learnt throughout my research processes and delivers the information in a clear and concise way that is easy to understand.
Rees, Roger C. “Bullying and Hazing/initiation in Schools: How Sports and Physical Education Can Be Part of the Solution.” Journal of Physical Education New Zealand (2010): 24-27. Print.
Meaningless insults and unnecessary abuse occurs often while growing up. No matter what age, sex, or race a person maybe it is hard to escape the nastiness of others. Today children are growing up in a society that knows how to haze before they know the meaning of the word. Hazing ranged from little humiliating actions to something more serious such as drunken activities. There are many hazing incidents that go too far but for the most part hazing is silly tasks that does not seriously harm anyone. Some hazing cases include isolation, drills, not letting the pledges shower, and depriving them from sleep for a day or so. Hazing comes in many strengths and variations and in every way it will help build the ...
More than half of college students are involved in some form of campus hazing, 73% of students participating in social fraternities and sororities have experienced at least one hazing behavior, and since 1970, there has been at least one hazing-related college death each year. Hazing is defined as humiliating and sometimes dangerous initiation rituals, especially as imposed on college students seeking membership to a fraternity or sorority. Hazing is a serious crime with serious consequences for both the perpetrator and the victim. 46% of students in high school and college believe that the most important component of hazing is to keep the code of silence which is what leads to injuries and death. There are many fraternities throughout the United States such as Tau Kappa Epsilon, Sigma Chi, Sigma Alpha Epsilon, etc. that are still active to this day even with their lists of allegations and crimes caused from