Water Supply and Proper Sanitation Process

Water is a valuable product, which is essential for survival of life. It is a unique product with no substitute and continues to be the basic need of mankind. Its contribution to human survival can’t be compared to another sector as it’s said that ‘no water no life. Due to its importance, a significant number of Water utilities have been developed in many developing countries, both in urban and rural areas, mainly covering Water supply schemes and Sanitation infrastructures, Most of these Water supply schemes have been either financed by international agencies, central government, state or by local governments during its planning and construction. Despite the substantial support from these agencies, the fact remains that many water supply schemes have resulted in limited level of service delivery. Urban residents have been reported in several cities, giving complaints to Water utilities, that they lack convenient access to efficient water supply and proper sanitation systems.

To provide a continuous, adequate and safe water supply services call for, generous, ample and reliable water sources, adequate treatment plants, adequate distribution network, properly functioning pumps, adequate storage capacity, sound management and capable financial resources for its operation. The tendency of urban water Managers when faced with increased challenges on water demand has previously been planning for expanding the supply to conform to the required levels. Water supply planning involves a wide range of water components such as types of water sources, treatment plants and other water infrastructures. Further, it involves customer’s behaviour, and employee’s responsiveness towards the water sector. In order to fulfil and achieve customer’s n...

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... rural areas. During the period of 2002 to 2012 the government expended over 90% of its income on water related structures in which around 81% on larger water resources (large storage) and about 12% on basic drinking water supply (small springs) and basic sanitation (UN-Water Country Brief 2002-2012).

Tanzania faces problems of urbanization and population increase, these factors have created stresses on provisions of public services, i.e., Health, drinking water, education, and other basic services to the society. Unplanned areas of informal settlement, old infrastructure, poor water quality, increased water demand, high water tariff, low access to water, changing climate and poor water sources, make the water supply system to be very intricate. It is estimated that only 79% of the population living in planned areas receive reliable water supply. Else, only about