Waste Water to Energy
Introduction
The waste produced from waste water treatment facilities can be used as an energy generation source instead of throwing it in landfills sites. According to the Energy Recovery Council, the US has about 87 Waste to Energy (WTE) plants capable of producing 2,700 MW of clean electricity; As a result they produce 17 billion Kwh of electricity per year which is enough to power 2 million American homes[2]. There are different technologies used to convert the waste to energy such as combustion, gasification, anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis of waste, and thermal depolymerization. This paper will talk about the combustion technology because it is wide used in the US[5].
Combustion
It has a standard principle of converting the waste to energy by burning the waste at high temperature to produce heat that used to heat the water and produce steam to turn the steam turbine and then produce energy[6]. The combustion process can be classified in three types: mass burning facilities, modular systems and refuse derived fuel systems[5].
Mass burning facilities are huge facilities used to burn the waste with addition of air to ensure completely burning, where the waste is used as fuel in the combustion chamber and this system is the most popular one. While modeler system is small facility that used unprocessed solid waste as fuel of the chamber. Because of it’s size, it is easy to transfer from one place to another. While the refuse derived fuel system uses a mechanical method to shred and separate the noncombustible material and place the combustibles in the chamber as a fuel for the boiler system[5].
2.1Technology
The combustion facilities has a simple procedure to produce the energy by burning the w...
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...Council. http://www.energyrecoverycouncil.org/waste-energy-produces-clean-renewable-a2984
Lawrence Otto,Shown. Waste-to-energy technology is cleaner and safer than generally believed. Minnpost, 06 June, 2013.http://www.minnpost.com/community-voices/2013/06/waste-energy-technology-cleaner-and-safer-generally-believed.
Sustainability. Convata energy. http://www.covantaenergy.com/en/what-we-do/sustainability/environmental-overview/efw-and-climate-change.aspx
Wastes-non hazardous wastes, municipal solid wastes.Environmental protection agency. 24 July, 2012. http://www.epa.gov/wastes/nonhaz/municipal/wte/basic.htm
Municipal Waste Combustion.Window on state government. http:// www.window.state.tx.us/specialrpt/energy/renewable/municipal.php
Waste to energy incineration. Tennessee solid waste education project. http://www-tnswep.ra.utk.edu/activities/pdfs/mu-W.pdf
power is not the cleanest energy source. However nuclear energy is cheaper than fossil fuels, and the
4.Exhaust: After the Air/Fuel mix has been burnt the remaining chemicals in the cylinder (water and CO2 for the most part) must be removed so that fresh air can be brought in. As the piston goes back up after combustion the exhaust valve opens allowing the exhaust gasses to be released.
In the production process of chemicals it requires to use of a average calorific value gas (MCV) also non-nitrogen diluted by minor impurities for best alteration to chemical compounds (Paisley et al., 1994). For the electricity production the used product gas should be clean from char-particles, pitch and ash etc. before it is inserted into the gas turbine or in a combustion engine. The higher temperature gases which exits from the gas turbine can be further used to generate steam from there heat for a steam turbine, like as an Integrate Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) generally used in power
One type of engine is a called a fuel cell. A fuel cell operates like a battery. Unlike a battery, a fuel cell does not run down or require recharging. It will produce energy in the form of electricity and heat as long as fuel is supplied. A fuel cell consists of two electrodes sandwiched around and electrolyte. Oxygen passes over one electrode and hydrogen over the other, generating electricity, water and heat. Hydrogen fuel is used to make all this work. Fuel cell emissions are nothing but water vapor.
as combustion. It is a chemical reaction between oxygen in the atmosphere and some sort of fuel such as wood or gasoline (Fire). For the reaction to take place, you have to heat the fuel to its ignition temperature. When wood reaches the temperature of 300 degrees Fahrenheit, or 150 degrees Celsius, the heat starts to decompose parts of the cellulose material that makes up the wood. These decomposing materials release volatile gases. The more common name for these gases, is smoke. Smoke is the combination of the compounds of hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen (Combustion). A fire also forms char and ash. Char is almost pure carbon. It is what you buy when you get charcoal. Charcoal is just wood that was heated to remove everything besides the carbon, hence why it burns without smoke (Charcoal). Ash is all the unburnable minerals in the wood such as calcium and potassium.
The investigation topic is about the fuel that makes a space rocket fire. A combustion reaction is more known as burning. Combustion isn’t always burning, but when it is, the flame causes most of the reaction ( in our case, to make our bottle fire up ). We light the fire with a match, the heat from the flame may provide the sufficient energy to to make the reaction happen.
· A good fuel should produce a lot of heat energy and use a small
...ing nuclear waste is a new and unsound technology, but still a solution to the problems of excessive waste. Where in the future, new technologies may allow for the waste to be completely recycled and reused in the reactors to create more energy. With both positives and negatives of nuclear energy, the real question that remains is “if not nuclear, then what else?” (Rutgers’s Felder)
Waste incineration units produce a lot of carbon dioxide gas approximately around one third of the greenhouse gasses. It also impacts people’s health as they get exposed to the toxic emissions by breathing in the air or consuming contaminated food and water. Additionally, when the garbage gets burnt by the incinerators they end up as ashes which are then emitted from the chimneys, including the toxic materials and end up in specialist landfill sites for hazardous waste.
The steam engine is a peripheral ignition mechanism, wherein the operating fluids are disconnected from the ignition results. Non-combustion heat resources like nuclear and solar powers or geothermal power could be utilized. Water resorts to vapour in a reservoir and arrive at high pressures. When developed through turbines or pistons, automatic exertion is completed. The condensed-pressure condensation is then compressed, and reverse-pumped to a boiler. Several convenient steam engines remove low-pressure steams rather than compressing it for recycles.
... temperature of 112 0C also and a pressure 2.5 bar. Cooling water is used to condense the vapor exiting column. Remaining methane and hydrogen are separated in reflux drum where the vapor stream is combined with other gases streams. The overhead of first and second separator are combined to form fuel gas. The liquid stream exiting in the bottoms of the reflux drum is pumped at pressure of 3.3 bar for discharging pressure. The pump stream is separated in two streams. One stream is to feed to tray one of the column and the other one stream is cooled down to 38 0C in heat exchanger. Then, the cooled product stream is sent to storage.
...iest thing, human urine. It kind of makes sense. It’s easy to get and really cheap to make. It’s actually very inventive.one I never will understand is the BMW that runs on human poop.(www.alternative-energy-news.info) That’s a little too far if you ask me, but again it’s easy to find and really cheap to make and easy to produce. In fact they are focusing on a lot of fuel to come from waste. Whether it be from humans, animals, plants, or anything else in the environment. Thinking about it alternate energy will help us immensely in the long run, despite the costs. That’s only the beginning. After all the spending and installing we will save a lot more after than before.
Wastewater is the combination of water-carried or liquid wastes starting in the sanitary conveniences of dwellings, industrial or commercial facilities. In addition to this, surface water, groundwater and storm water may also be present. It is any water that has been badly affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. It contains waste from residential, industrial and commercial processes. Municipal water contains industrial wastewater, sewage and gray water. Gray water is the water from sinks and showers. Large industries also produce wastewater.
Many people around the world need water. Around 780 million people are unable to get clean water (One Billion Affected). People who do have access to clean water in their homes, have to pay a fee. The people who struggle to live obviously do not have enough money to buy water. People who are unable to have clean water have a good chance of dying either from disease or from dehydration. At least 3.4 million people die a year from water problems such as sanitation (One Billion Affected).
With the depletion of fossil fuel resources comes speculations and debates about alternative energy sources. The world, including the Philippines, is practically dependent on a dwindling non-renewable source of energy. Today, experts are debating about and considering three options: Nuclear, Solar, or Wind Energy. Everyone has been accustomed to the bad image of nuclear energy as a result of the Chernobyl and Fukushima incidents above all others. The popular belief is that radiation from a nuclear meltdown is very harmful to humans and other living things—which is true—and that nuclear power plants are very dangerous and not ideal—which is not. According to Smith, et. al (n.d), all the nuclear disasters that ever occurred were caused by human error and natural disasters like tsunamis, not one because of system failure. Putting the false beliefs aside, with proper engineering and adequate maintenance by experts, a nuclear power plant is a very ideal and viable source of energy for the following reasons: