Why is the sea salty?
One theory states that the sea is salt because of the “mid-Ocean” rift. Fresh basalt flows up through the rift along with “juvenile water; water that is made up of many of the components of sea water including chlorine, bromine, iodine, and many other molecules. Also some salts get into the ocean through volcanoes and even fresh water rivers carries salt into the sea. The sea is composed of many other things. Scientist over the years has conducted many experiments to prove not only of what the sea is made have but also many other things. In 1715 a scientist named Edmund Halley had a theory to prove the age of the ocean by the rate of salt that is transported through the rivers. In 1889 a scientist by the name of John Joly decided to test this theory and found out the sea is approximately ninety million years old. Also another scientist by the name of Antoine Laurent Lavoisier conducted the first analysis of seawater two hundred years ago. Another concept developed by John Murray in the nineteenth century states that the weight is never determined but instead the total amount of chloride ion is carefully measured and a total for all other ions is computed by applying the constancy of relative proportions. Also A.M. Marcet, Johann Forchammer, and Wilhelm Dittmar have researched this theory. Now in the last forty years geochemist have really began looking into the chemistry of the ocean. Not only can the chemistry tell us what the sea is made have but also a history of the sea. For example the salinity of the sea has not really change in its history. The reason the sea’s salinity has not changed is because of its strong buffering zones. Today’s scientist has also begun to look at rain as it reaches the sea.
Introduction: The question that the researcher is trying to answer is if there is acidification alters oceanic life due to a change in pH. The hypothesis is if there is a change in pH in the tank then the fish will have altered feeding patterns, stunted growth, and abnormal behavior. Even if there is a slight change in pH distinct abnormalities will occur. This simulation of this experiment will represent a sample for the whole ocean and how pH has affected ocean life due to runoff and toxic waste put into the water.
Molecules were then washed ashore and exposed to heat and sunlight. Through a series of trial and error bases chemical reactions formed cells. The first ones were simple only with the new permeable membrane so it could absorb nutrients. After absorbing so many amino acids it was able to replicate itself. Bacteria now was growing off the undersea volcanoes vents living off of hydrogen sulfide. Some of these developed hard shells and others with soft membranes. Meanwhile tectonic plates during this time were shifting drastically and created mountain ranges which altered rain patterns and led to the falling of even more rain which created rivers. These rivers washed out new nutrients found in land out to the oceans. Minerals from land reacted with carbon dioxide which resulted in the production of oxygen. As temperatures cooled algae created glucose through photosynthesis and released gross amounts of oxygen into the ocean. The oxygen reacted with the metallic ions found in the ocean and cause oxidation which caused the sea to turn a rusty red.
In 1952 W. F. Libby discovered a new method for calculating the age of organic material. Many people have been led to believe that carbon dating (and other radioactive dating methods) prove the Earth to be much older that 6000 years old (Biblical age).
5. Kellert, S.R. and E.O. Wilson, editors. 1993 The Biophilia Hypothesis. Island Press, Washington, DC
This subcategory focuses on studying ocean and atmosphere interaction, and in turn how it affects and shapes our world. One main reason it is important is , because it is essential to Earth’s climate and weather. The ocean is crucial to heating the planet along with causing changes in the weather. When ocean water evaporates, it makes the air warmer and humid, which in turn causes rain and storms. Along with this, ocean currents act as transport vessels for warm water. They distribute the warm water from the equator up and outward to the poles. This keeps the equator and other areas from having extreme
Water: it is the driving force behind our planet. It is what makes life possible on earth. Water is what runs so many other environmental and biological systems on our planet. But to know how water drives our planet, we first need to know what is the driving force behind water.
More than half of the people on earth live within 193km of the ocean, but even those who live nowhere near the ocean are dependent on the massive saltwater ecosystem that covers nearly three-fourths of our planet.
Around our planet today, the basic mechanisms of heat and high humidity distribution and model number of ocean circulation. The total circulation from salt - Net dense sea
The goal of this experiment was to: create a dilute NaCl solution and calculate molarity, molality, and parts per million, experimentally determine the molarity of the same dilute NaCl solution through Mohr chloride precipitation technique, then, evaluate the accuracy by comparing the actual value to the experimental one. The actual molarity was calculated using the average density of three trials, mass of NaCl in solution, and molarity formula to be 0.0140 mol/L, the molality was calculated to be 0.0143, and the PPM was calculated to be 833. The experimental value for molarity, obtained through titration using AgNO3 as a titrant with Ag2CrO4 as an indicator, was averaged over three trials to be .01523 mol/L. Comparing experimental and actual values gave an estimated standard deviation of 0.00032 M with a confidence interval of +0.00079 at 95% and +0.0018 at 99%. The percent error for molarity was 8.8%. The experimentally determined molarity was functionally close to the actual molarity, however, some significant error in accuracy was observed. The amount of precision achieved with reasonable accuracy suggests this experiment could be used in testing salinity of separate bodies of water for comparison. The high % error inaccuracy, however, also suggests this should not be used in comparing minute changes in salinity in a single body of water.
The discovery of sea salt is considered to be a scientific adventure in the search for life on other worlds, since it may mean that Europa’s sea is interrelated to its surface, which could be a factor in whether or not there is life on the moon of Jupiter.
This experiment was used to see the effect of salt water on the algae in the freshwater tables. The effect of salt water on algae will make the algae decrease in number. The algae were used as an indicator organism to give an idea of pollution concentrations. (Colgan, 33) Salt water can cause many problems if the salt water should enter the freshwater ways. This salt water can contaminate the aquifers and drinking waters of the world. This idea is backed up in Spatafora’s saltwater intrusion paper “When this occurs, it will move the saltwater freshwater interface inland, resulting in a higher saline concentration in the aquifers' water, rendering it useless for human consumption, unless it is treated.”(Spatafora, 2008) Not only can the saltwater effect the drinking water this water can also not be used for irrigation as seen in F. Lugoli’s article about the contamination of southeastern Salento’s groundwater “The results indicated widespread pollution from salt and microbial contamination. Contamination from faecal microorganisms posed a significant risk of human infection in 100% of samples. Furthermore, the water was unsuitable even for irrigation in a high percentage of cases (31.8%), which is of considerable significance given that agriculture is one of the most important economic activities in the area under study.”(Lugoli, 2010) The salt water can also kill the plants, algae, and ultimately the animals that use that water for water and food. The rising amounts of saltwater can cause plants to die as seen in Winn’s Saltwater Intrusion and Morphological Change at the Mouth of the East Alligator River, Northern Territory article “Significant morphological change has occurred since 1950, with the tidal creek extending 4 km inlan...
Everything in this world we use comes from the ocean in some way. The air we breathe, the water we drink, even the products we use day to day, would not be possible without the ocean. That's why the issue of ocean pollution is so important and needs to be addressed as soon as possible. We depend on the ocean for so much in our life, without it we would surely become extinct. People seem to think that since the ocean is so large and vast, we can dump as much waste as we'd like into it and it will never have an effect on us. However, since we've been polluting the ocean as far back as Roman times, the evidence of ocean pollution becoming a major problem is all too clear.
The Salton Sea was formed in 1905 when the Colorado River breached an irrigation canal flooding the prehistoric area of Lake Cahuilla (Salton Sea State Recreation Area 2016 and Iovenko 2015). During the 1950s Palms Spring population and housing expansion highlighted nearby Salton Sea as a nearby resort and recreational and resort area. Salton Sea’s below sea level depth surface and higher than normal salt water content of
Ocean currents are horizontal or vertical movement of both surface and deep water throughout the world’s oceans (Briney, n.d.). The primary generating forces are wind and differences in water density caused by variations in temperature and salinity. Currents generated by these forces are modified by factors such as the depth of the water, ocean floor topography and deflection by the rotation of the Earth. Horizontal currents are wind driven, fast moving and carries small amount of water; while, vertical currents are slow moving, density driven and carries large bodies of water. In this paper I will describe horizontal and vertical currents, their importance and some of the tools used to measure ocean currents.
In my opinion, I think salt water is bad for you. If you’re stranded in a deserted island and you drink salt water, it’ll just make you even more dehydrated and probably kill you faster. If there’s nothing to drink at the island, then don’t drink the salt water because that’ll just make you die faster. Your body also won’t be able to get rid of all the extra salt. Your body fails when it tries to get rid of too much salt. Your kidneys produce urine to get rid of all that salt but it needs fresh water to actually make it work. If you drink salt water, then too much salt will go into your body and it won’t make the kidneys work which will eventually make your body fail. Salt water will pretty much make your body stop functioning if you drink too much salt water. Some salt is good for you but drinking a lot of salt water can make your body go weird or different. Our blood can’t really handle too much salt. When there’s a lot of salt, the water in the cell goes outside to balance itself. Since you’re drinking salt water, there’s a lot of salt which causes a lot of water to go outside to help out. That can cause the cells to actually shrink and that’s obviously not good. If the cells shrink, then they can’t carry out