Edward Albee’s play Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?
In Edward Albee’s play Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? the major thematic concerns are those involving perception versus reality. In the beginning of the play, both couples seem to be average, loving couples of the nineteen-fifties. Even George and Martha seem to be playful in their insults toward each other. Things do not start to turn until George warns Martha not to “start in about the bit with the kid”, after which both of them begin to get more hostile toward each other. Even then, their antagonism of each other did not reach the feverish pitch that it had by the end of the play.
Nick and Honey are presented as even more of an ideal couple. They are seemingly devoted to each other and are made uncomfortable by George and Martha’s constant attacks of each other. However, in the following acts, we find that this one is aptly titled “Fun and Games” when the truth is revealed about the two couples.
In the second act, we learn that the idyllic perception of Nick and Honey’s marriage is exactly that: a fairy tale. George and Martha begin to attack Nick and Honey (as well as each other) and force them to admit the false pretenses on which their marriage is based; namely, that Nick only married Honey because he believed her to be pregnant. Also, the fact that Nick is so easily seduced by Martha makes one doubt the love in his marriage to Honey.
Another perception destroyed in this act is that the men hold the power in the relationships, which was the standard when the play was written. Their sexuality is what gives Martha and Honey their power. Honey used a false pregnancy to force Nick to marry her while Martha, as the daughter of the president of the university, uses sex as a tool to advance the careers of certain professors (although never her own husband).
In the third act, we learn that Nick is perhaps not the athletic sexually voracious man we may have thought he was; his failure to consummate the affair with Martha resulted from his failure to maintain an erection. Also revealed in this last act is the fact that George and Martha do not, in fact, have a son; they simply made him up. With this last fantasy purged, George and Martha finally have a clean break with all the lies that have deteriorated their marriage.
A part of the novel that had heavy effect on Nick Carraway was when he hides Toms secrets and as well as Daisy and Gatsby’s. Tom reveals that he has an affair with another woman named Myrtle, but Nick doesn't tell daisy about it. Also, Gatsby was Daisy’s first love. Nick helped them meet, and have affairs behind Tom’s back. He was covering the mistake of others which can end up in huge problems if revealed. Sadly, Nick decides to stay silent from both side, and ended up getting along with everything. Because of this, another mess occurred; Myrtle dies in a car accident. Slowly, Nick becomes devastated with all this, and starts to change a bit.
His duplicity continues, as he meets Tom’s mistress, and later arranges Daisy and Gatsby’s meeting, even going as far as to say “don’t bring Tom” (85). These are clear deceptions and violations of trust, which both reveal that Nick is not the honest and forthright man he wants the reader to believe his is; on the contrary, in many ways he is the opposite of honest and forthright. However, Nick’s most clearly professed lie is in protection of Daisy, when Tom insists that Gatsby had killed Myrtle, and Nick remains silent, forgoing telling Tom about the “one unutterable fact,” - that it had not been Gatsby who was driving the car when it had hit Myrtle, but Daisy - in favor of protecting Daisy (178). This obvious deception shows that despite Nick’s conviction in his honest character he does not neglect others, who depend on him. Once again, Nick mischaracterizes his traits and even fails to recognize his deceptions and violations of trust as being dishonest, failing to evaluate his own
was way ahead of its time. The shots chosen by the filmmakers helped greatly to enhance the story. One scene that stands out is when George goes to the closet to get the gun. When he enters, we see a particularly dark moment as George stands in the closet. The single light bulb is swaying side to side, as George grabs the gun in a menacing manner. The reveal of the true nature of the gun is a particularly intense scene since the viewer is lead to believe that George really intends to murder Martha. Many close up shots are used in the film during key moments. There is a close up on Martha, as she paces across the living room floor explaining George’s failures to Nick and Honey. The close up allows viewers to see how angry and bitter she is. We see many close ups of George, including the scene where he is talking to Nick on the lawn about the boy who killed his parents. In this shot, we can see the effects that the evening and the alcohol have taken on George, who looks very exhausted. Mixed in are various shots of the alcohol, reminding the viewers that the characters are continuously drinking, possibly to forget their pain, or to cheer them up, but the alcohol is only making things
In chapter 2 of The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald illustrates the change of Nick’s emotions. During the early 1920s a new dawn buds out with Nick, and Tom traveling to New York. On their way they stop to visit Tom’s lover Myrtle Wilson at the Valley of Ashes. Myrtle Wilson invites Tom, Nick, the Mckee family, and her sister Catherine to her apartment for a party in New York. During the end of the party Nick expresses a variety of emotions, as he is “enchanted” and “repelled” by the arguments, and the careless gibberish of the drunken souls . Nick is enchanted by the amount of secrecy humans can disclose to a “casual watcher” when they are careless. He is “repelled” by the arguments and the derogatory comments Myrtle, and Tom makes about other people as they start to drink more.
As the narrator of the novel, every event and piece of knowledge presented in the The Great Gatsby is filtered through Nick, although he credits himself as “one of the few honest people that I have ever known” the reader can deduce his inclination to lie, since his hypocritical comment that in spite of his “[inclination] to reserve all judgements” he has become “the victim of not a few veteran bores” (Fitzgerald 59, 1). Nick desires to be part of the upper class shown through his move to West Egg and his values held in luxury over truth causing him to highly regard tactfully convincing liars and mock amateurs. He admires a woman whose bold lies show a “surprising amount of character”, yet claims “dishonesty in a woman is a thing you never blame deeply” (Fitzgerald 163, 58). On the other hand, Gatsby’s vibrant, “threadbare” yarns are worthy of mocking along with his supposed ruby collection and overly excited display of his Oxford photograph to prove he went there. While Nick is quick to point out deceit in the ways of others, he is oblivious to his own bias, hypocrisy, and lies, creating a delusion of self-righteousness. After starting to go out with Jordan, he reveals a “vague understanding” with a girl back in Minnesota, Nick’s home, that should be
Through the observations of the polar opposite personalities of Jay and Tom, Nick finds learns that you cannot judge someone only based on their social status or individual worth, but on moral and ethical terms. Nick believed that “reserving judgment is a matter of infinite hope” (p.2), and before he moved to West Egg he was a very hopeful person. The first time Nick observed an interaction between Jay and Tom was in the cellar under forty-second street: “they shook hand briefly, and a stained, unfamiliar look of embarrassment came over Gatsby’s face”(p.74). Nick notices there is something different about Gatsby when he interacts with Tom. This causes Nick to become awa...
In the beginning of the book Nick calls himself “One of the few honest people that I’ve ever known”. Throughout the book Nick gives examples that even though he is polite; he will tell people how it is. A few examples are when he talks about how dishonest his friend Jordan is, as well as calling Tom and Daisy careless people. Nick also says that Gatsby represents everything that makes him feel like an unaffected scorn. Nick proves throughout the story that he really isn’t as honest as he has thinks. Nick does not reveal he knows about Tom’s affair with Myrtle. He also pretends he didn't know Daisy was driving the car. Another example of his dishonesty is when Nick doesn't tell the police at the crime scene everything he knows, which would have saved Gatsby's life.
...sm is obvious when Nick and Gatsby try to distinguish the charm in Daisy's voice. Gatsby says, "Her voice is full of money", and Nicks reaches a revelation about society: "That was it. I'd never understood it before. It was full of money-that was the inexhaustible charm that rose and fell in it, the jingle of it, the cymbals' song of it…. High in a white palace the golden girl…." (120). With this realization Nick finally sees that when Daisy's charm and beauty is stripped away then only an ugly selfish personality is left. He becomes so wrapped up in the drama and parties around him that he looses sight of his original reason for moving out East, which is ultimately one of the reasons why the American Dream is no longer a realistic goal for Nick.
...ve been suffering mental abuse by their husband. This play presents the voice of feminism and tries to illustrate that the power of women is slightly different, but can be strong enough to influence the male dominated society. Although all women are being oppressed in the patriarchal society at that time, Glaspell uses this play as a feminist glory in a witty way to win over men. Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters solve the crime by reflecting on Minnie Wright’s unhappy marriage that leads her to murdering. Using the relationship between female and male characters throughout the play, Glaspell speaks up to emphasize how the patriarchal society underestimated women’s rights and restricted women’s desires.
Nick moved to West Egg where he met his new mysterious neighbour Jay Gatsby, whom he believes is the opposite of what he represents. Nick Carraway on the outside can be seen as a moral and steadfast person, but he too is not without his own faults and moral corruptions. A major example is how Nick uses Jordan Baker whom he never thought of her and himself being serious relationship. Jordan Baker is used by Nick for both her fame and wealth, acting as Nick’s own temporary love affair to fulfil his own needs. Moreover, Nick Carraway always seems to be always caught up or involved either directly or indirectly on all the corruption that occurs. Nick as the narrator is aware of the lying, corruption and deceit that takes place, and seems unfazed by it. Nick also defends Gatsby even though he very well knows of all Gatsby 's criminal activity and liquor smuggling. Finally, Nick is the character who sets up two of the main characters, Daisy Buchanan, his cousin and Jay Gatsby, to have an affair. It never crosses Nick 's thoughts, that setting up and condoning an affair is a moral corruption of traditionalist and religious values. Nick does this through the exchange of Gatsby and Daisy’s secret meeting, which Nick says, "I 'm going to call up Daisy tomorrow and invite her over here to tea... What day would suit you?" Nick even went through the trouble to set
Daisy invites Nick over when he gets moved in, at Daisy's house he meets a girl named Jordan Baker who is a famous golfer but cheats at the game. Jordan asks Nick if he knows a man named Gatsby, Daisy frantically asks what Gatsby, for she knew him. Later on in the book Gatsby invites Nick to a party, he is the first person to ever receive an invitation to one of Gatsby's parties, everyone just went. When he gets to his party he starts asking for Gatsby, well to his disadvantage has ever seen Gatsby except for Jordan who finds nick at the party. Jordan takes nick to find Gatsby and Gatsby wishes to talk to Jordan alone. He explains everything to her, why he has the parties, why he is rich, how he knows Daisy and what he wants. The next day he asks Nick to invite Daisy to tea while Gatsby was over. When Nick agreed, Gatsby had his staff go to Nick's house and cut his grass to make it look better and to just say thank you to Nick. The evening Gatsby shows up for tea and Daisy does not show up till around four o'clock. When Nick sees how things are going, he decides to leave for a little while and let them catch up. Gatsby invites Nick and Daisy to his house to show off what he has to Daisy. Tom has a
To start off, Nick Carraway is responsible for the death of Gatsby. During the harmonious relationship with Jordan Baker, Nick displays tolerance of Jordan Baker’s dishonest behavior and considers her dishonesty as incurable. Nick expresses his thought to Jordan by saying, “It made no difference to me. Dishonesty in a woman is a thing you never blame deeply ” (58). However, Nick’s forbearance of woman’s dishonesty develops, and his tolerance of dishonesty reaches an apex. Nick soon covers and hides the origin truth of Myrtle Wilson’s death, and he lets Gatsby assume the responsibility of Myrtle’s death. The next day, Nick sees the abandoned corpse of Jay Gatsby at his pool. After the death of Jay, Nick hides the secret of Myrtle’s death from Tom, but displays his disappointment toward Tom. If Nick had told anyone that Daisy was driving the car, George would not have shot Gatsby. Nick Carraway’s wrong decision that was not to tell anyone Daisy ran over Myrtle has led the Gatsby’s death. Moreover, Carraway’s wide tolerance has not prevented the death, but caused it. He is respo...
George’s relationship with Lennie has made him selfless; his conversations, with and with out Lennie, are generally revolving around Lennie, although in the case of their dream-ranch George seems to find fulfilment for himself as well. Due to these altruistic tendencies that he shows throughout the novel, a danger is bestowed upon George; he tends to care for Lennie far too much, and too little for himself. In occasional moments, he escapes his sympathy and compassion for Lennie, and realises the burden that he causes. This usually results in George taking his frustration out on Lennie, which can often harm his simple mind, leaving Lennie upset and forced to confess to his own uselessness, and George feeling guilty for what he has caused. We can learn very little about George through his actual conversations, which made it necessary for Steinbeck to focus the novel on him in particular, and let the reader gain an closer insight on him through his actions. Generally, he seems to be caring, intelligent and sensible, but is greatly worn by the constant attention Lennie requires. This illustrates a major theme in Of Mice and Men, the dangers that arise when one becomes involved in a dedicated relationship.
Nick attempts to deceive the reader at the beginning of the novel by describing himself as a man who is inclined to reserve all judgments (3). But Nick actually evaluates everyone based off his own bias judgments. He describes Jordan Baker as an incurably dishonest (57) and careless person (58). Tom and Daisy are careless people who “smash-up things and creatures and then retreat back into their money or vast carelessness” (179), according to Nick’s description. He describes Mr. McKee as feminine (30). Nick also describes George Wilson as a spiritless man (25). He is effectively not reserving his judgments. This deception and lying from Nick is another reason why he is an unreliable narrator, which goes against how Nick generally describes himself as an honest man who reserves all judgments, showing his non-objective stance.
In the short story "weekend" by Ann Beattie, there is one main central conflict between the main characters of Lenore and George. This conflict arises from that fact that George and Lenore have a child together, live in the same house, yet they have no apparent relationship. George is always bringing back women to the house in front of Lenore and she hides how it hurts her deep down. George’s character is portrayed as an alcoholic older man who does not seem to care too much about anything that is going on around him. While Lenore is shown to be a “simple” woman who just lets George walk all over her by showing up with younger girls and who rarely shows emotion. Although Lenore is not as simple as she leads on to George, she has a lot of emotion buried inside of her that she does not always show, and her character is a lot more complex after a second glance.