Logic, as it appears in its everyday form, seems to stand on its own, without any requirements to needed to justify its existence. However, it is commonly overlooked that "logic is the science and means of clear . . . communication." Consequently, many sentences are regarded as logical, which in reality are illogical. It can therefore be found that the language used to communicate this logic must be carefully constructed using a certain format in order to form a logical statement. The requirements in such a sentence include a subject, the verb "to be", a predicate containing information that is relevant to the subject by means of the verb "to be", an adjective, and it must have correct reference numbers. Therefore, logic must consist of sentences of a certain kind, in order to be formatted with the intention of revealing or displaying something. It is because of the former items that a logical sentence cannot exist unless it contains all of the previously mentioned grammatical parts.
The definition of a subject is: the object in a sentence about which something is said. A logical sentence can, therefore, not exist without a subject, for the simple reason that nothing can be revealed about an object that has not been revealed to the potential obtainer of the logic. Simply stated, if there were no subject, the logical sentence would have nothing to show something about.
"Being seems to be presupposed in every apophantic sentence," and it is for this reason that the verb "to be" is required in all sentences of that sort. A verb is that which displays action, existence, or occurrence. Nothing can be displayed concerning the subject of the logical statement unless the subject exists, unless it "is."
A predicate must also be present in a logic sentence, and it must be relative to the subject by means of the verb "to be." It is necessary for the subsistence of such a sentence because of the previous definition of the subject. The subject is the item about which something is said, and the predicate is the part of the statement that says something about the subject. In other words, nothing can be revealed about the subject in a logic sentence unless something is said about that subject. However, the predicate must be tied to the subject by the verb "to be", otherwise the result would be that the predicate would be making a statement about a subject that does not exist.
The second way of adding to being by adding something to another as limiting or determining it. For example kiwi adds something to the genus of fruits not because in the essence of a kiwi there is something outside the essence of fruit, but What is implicitly contained in plant is determinately and actually contained in the notion of a kiwi, but not completely outside the essence of fruit. The third way of adding, is when we add something to being conceptually and not in reality. For example, muteness, blindness, deafness; are this are not in reality, they are privations, for man sees, speaks, hears by nature. Thus muteness, blindness, deafness etc.. are beings of reason, the only exist in the
A logical contradiction is an assertion or a claim that contains both a proposition and its denial given in the form p and not-p. In this case, both of these statements cannot both be true due to the law of noncontradiction. Similar to the principle of bivalence, this law states the declarative statement must be either true or false and cannot be both true at the same time in the same sense. A classic example of a logical contradiction is to assert that “it is raining and it is not raining.” The proposition p is “it is raining” and its denial not-p is “it is not raining.” Because “it is raining” and “it is not raining” cannot be both true at the same time, this statement leads to a logical contradiction when we assume the principle of bivalence or the law of noncontradiction. Some other examples would include statements such as “I know that nothing can be known” and “All general claims have exceptions.” Unlike a logical contradiction, a performative contradiction arises “when the content of an assertion contradicts the act of asserting it or the presuppositions of asserting
The dictionary term and understanding for the word ‘logic’ is “of sound thinking and proof by reasoning” (Merriam-Webster, 2009). Logic is the examination of the methods and doctrine used to determine ‘correct’ from ‘incorrect’ and is used in the structure of an argument. Allied to critical thinking, logic has a place and holds a relationship that reflects the thought process yet; critical thinking has a more diverse standard of questioning relative to developing both intellectual and emotional queries that can better evaluate reason.
From the beginning of man’s existence, logic has been the only ingredient separating mankind from other species. While simpler animals roamed the earth searching for what was instinctually necessary, man developed into thinkers who analyzed life and made conjectures as to its real meaning. In a sense, when man began thinking life was born. However, there is no divinity in thought, rather its application and transition into forming logical ideas has made thought something worth pursuing.
The study of philosophy has become a lost art. Philosophy does not receive credit for the achievements received, when all work stems from philosophy. One important branch of philosophy is logic. Through logic, the world can see how questions are developed, why questions are asked, and how questions are invalid. Many logicians have been formulating hypothesis centering around logic for years. Aristotle and George Boole are two logicians who are extremely well known for their work in the philosophical field and their conflicting viewpoints when considering logic. In the textbook, A Concise Introduction to Logic
Parmenides’ subject of inquiry, as show in the fragment, either you must assume that your subject is or it is not. Careful consideration of the statement ‘is not’ shows that it is impossible to point out what does not exist, because it has no attributes or true predicate. Parmenides concludes that if something does not exist, then its non-existence cannot allow for it to come into being or perishing, because if it comes to be, then formally, it previously did not exist. Since we cannot know anything about things that do not exist, coming...
A dependent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought. A dependent clause cannot be a sentence. Often a dependent clause is marked by a dependent marker word.
To start off, Socrates states the Principle of Opposites, which explains that if there were to be one thing, there must
Atomic sentences have truth-values that evaluate the application of a concept to an object that is being referred. To find what the sentence refers to, the referent of the predicate must be applied to the referent of the subject. Connectives are vocabulary like “and”, “if”, and “not” that are functions from truth-values to truth tables. Each of these provide the basis for Frege’s language system such that we are able to speaking in our ordinary language, but still maintain the mathematical connection he attempts to establish early. Frege’s use of language and sentences being functions with variables is consistent with how he defines the basic constructs of what are needed in a human language.
A good argument will always have two parts. These parts include premise(s) and a conclusion. “A premise by definition is a statement in an argument that provides reason or support for the conclusion. There can be one or many premises in a single argument. A conclusion is a statement… that indicates of what the arguer is trying to convince the reader/listener” ("Arguments, Premises and Conclusions").
Dependent word fragments: This fragment has two necessary components for a complete sentence which is a subject and verb. Since this fragment begins with a dependent word (For example, because, when, while before, after) it is a incomplete thought and cannot be a complete sentence.
Logic is not concerned with human behavior in the same sense that physiology and psychology are concerned with it...….If logic ever discusses the truth of factual sentences it does so only conditionally, somewhat as follows: if such-and-such a sentence is true, then such-and-such another sentence is true. Logic itself does not decide whether the first sentence is true, but surrenders that question to one or the other of the empirical sciences. (Carnap 57)
A more delicacy view is that a metaphysical statement is not meaningless. There is no valid set of practical observations or any valid set of logical arguments to prove that metaphysical statements are true or false.
Aristotle made basic rules and categories to organize logic and became known as the founder of logic. Before getting down to business, it is important to point out that Aristotle is a synoptic thinker with a theory that ties together all aspects and fields of philosophy. Aristotle does not believe that the purpose of logic is
"The principles and rules of grammar are the means by which the forms of language are made to correspond with the universal froms of thought....The structures of every sentence is a lesson in logic."