INDONESIA AND AUSTRALIA
Indonesia and Australia are nations located southeast of Asia, separated by the Timor Sea and the Java Trench. Both have undergone challenges in economy, government, and demography that are both similar and quite different from the other. Indonesia is “the world’s most expansive archipelagic (fragmented) state” (Blij 503) with multiple heritages and cultures. Australia has been slowly declining over the past century and continues to economically disintegrate. According to records kept on the economy, government, and demography, both Australia and Indonesia are continuing to be recognized as similar and distinct in their own right.
DEMOGRAPHY AND LAND STRUCTURE
The 275 million people of Indonesia are spread across the 13,000 islands it encompasses. It holds position as the fourth most populated nation in the world, containing a diversity of people including Javanese, Sudanese, Malays, and Balinese and other smaller groups which make up fifty-five percent of the population. Four of its largest islands are known as the Greater Sunda Islands. Jawa has the smallest area but is largest in population density (with about 120 million), Sumatera is in the west across from Malaysia, Kalimantan (which shares land space with Malaysia on Borneo), and Sulawesi, which is also called Celebes, the “wishbone – shaped” island of the east. The fifth largest island is New Guinea, which is not primarily a part of Indonesian cultural ties although half of its western side of the island is under Indonesian control.
Australia is approximately 10 times the size of Texas, with a population of eighteen million. 85 percent live in cities, with about 300,000 consisting in the Aboriginal population. Most of the population is concentrated in the core area to the east and southeast, facing the Pacific Ocean. This area is more humid and extends between the Great Dividing Range and the east coast. The eastern, less populous area consists of desert or steppe, which is not primary for living conditions but contains mineral deposits.
RESOURCES AND PRODUCTION
Indonesia has a wide variety of natural resources, consisting of petroleum, palm oil, rubber, lumber, tin, coffee, tea, and other cash crops. However, the population continues on an upward climb that will have a doubling time of 43 years. This creates a much longer-term threat to the country’s future than anything does else does. With this steep climb in population, the nation has already been forced to import large amounts of rice and wheat to feed its people.
There was a notable divide between Canada’s French and English-speaking population in the 1960s, as they each presented contrasting views of the country’s national identity. As the federal government faced what seemed like two separate nations embodied within a single country, Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson assembled the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism in July 1963. It was to evaluate the existing state of bilingualism and biculturalism and recommend the actions needed to alleviate the largely linguistic and cultural divides in Canada. Pearson’s directive was given at a time when Quebec was experiencing a period of great social and economic development through the Quiet Revolution, while English-Canada was grappling with the re-establishment of the country’s identity as the British definition of Canada was becoming increasingly rejected. This paper will assess bilingualism and biculturalism as it challenged national identity, seen through the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism (RCBB) and the influence of the Quiet Revolution; which resulted in policy – the Official Languages Act in 1969 and the Official Multicultural Policy in 1971 – that ultimately shaped bilingualism and biculturalism within what became a multicultural framework in Canada.
Since Wilfrid Laurier is a francophone prime minister, the help he brought to unify English and French speakers was significant. His action of compromising French and English in Canada allows the two cultures to come and prosper together. When Laurier finally triumphed in the 1896 election. The main issue at that period was the Manitoba School Question, a complex tangle of French and English language rights. The Manitoba Schools Question punched all the hot buttons of nineteenth century Canadian politics: it was a French-English issue, a Catholic-Protestant controversy, a conflict over the roles of the federal and provincial governments, and a struggle about the proper relationship between church and the state. It brought down a federal government and its shaky and ultimately short-lived resolution was a major defeat for French language and Catholic educational rights outside the province of Québec. So the action of compromising these two languages effectively solved the problem of disunion in the education system. The Balancing Act Wi...
... is that the deeply valued cultural identities by the French has been overlooked by the federal government. Secondly, Quebecers proved themselves capable to form a successful economy, although they would have to overcome certain hardships. Thirdly, the local government of Quebec was trying to get into agreements with the federal government of Canada. The steps they took were mostly reasonable and friendly, but few regulations must be taken in order to avoid oppression of English-Canadian. Although the ethnic tension in Canada has drooped away in the year of 2010, but minor issues still trouble the Canadian government. The possibility of the Quebec Independence turning into a riot is very unlikely, but the possibility still exists. Giving the sovereignty to Quebec could be a considerable choice for the federal government, if Canada wants to end the issue all at once.
“The East Indies, or Indonesia, are a chain of islands numbering in the thousands and extending 3,000 miles along the Equator from their western extremity at the northern tip of Sumatra to their eastern limit in New Guinea. Today the population of the Indies is about 70 million. It is the most densely populated country in the world.”(Kennedy, p. 1)
Peter H. Smith. , & , (2012). Democracy in Latin America. (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.
Guillermo O’Donnell’s definition of a bureaucratic-authoritarian government involves the transformation of a political government through the changes in industrialization and the social hierarchy. Bureaucratic-Authoritarian governments, according to O’Donnell’s definition, are “excluding and emphatically non-democratic” (Collier 24). The case of Chile emphasizes the exclusion O’Donnell speaks of, most importantly after democratic processes in Chile came to a halt during Pinochet’s reign. The implementation of a bureaucratic-authoritarian government in Chile led to a positive in change in the country’s economy while sacrificing political involvement. To understand the origins of Chile’s bureaucratic-authoritarian government, focus should be placed on how it formed, its unique characteristics, and what eventually led to the downfall and replacement of the government. Each aspect looks at vital components of implementing a bureaucratic-authoritarian and allows for an in-depth understanding of Chilean regimes.
Feminism, in its simplest definition, is the belief that men and women should have equal rights and opportunities. (Webster) Feminists fight for equality for women to men socially, politically, and economically. At the peak of feminist discourse is equality for men and women in education and in employment. However, feminism also focuses on more than issues regarding the rights of women in relation to men. Issues of gender equality and women’s right to control their sexuality are also at the core of feminist theory. A key argument made by many feminists is how women have very little control over their sexuality, mainly being defined and controlled by men. T...
Democracy is what they thought they were getting when they took out the old government and replaced it. But in reality the new governments put in place were the total opposite from democracy. Also, after WW1 people wanted change and revenge from all the damage done so, they put leaders like Stalin and Hitler in power for radical change. Ultimately this lead to the second War World, which got rid of anyone’s desires for democracy. And even America’s leader FDR was making anti-democratic decisions that lead up to America being forced into the World War. In the end, democracy was proven to be weak in the after math of the first World War and in the second World
Firstly, K. Isbester mentions that democracy has a different meaning for everyone, as some can define democracy as a good aspect for development, on the contrary other believe that it is nothing more than voting after several years. Although, Latin America see democratic g...
Indonesia is also in constant pressure to keep Indonesia’s economy to be stable and improve. Without proper funding it may be difficult for Indonesia to keep up with the constant economic problems Indonesia face. Therefore, the government are forced to look into deforestation to be able to get proper funding, creating policies such as stumpage fees, log export taxes and clearings for agriculture.
In comparing the average citizen in a democratic nation, say the United States, to that of a non-democratic nation, for instance Egypt, it will be found that the citizen in the democratic nation is generally better off – free of persecution, free from fear of the authorities, and free to express his opinions on governmental matters. And while national conflicts occur everywhere, incidents like violent revolts have shown to be more prevalent in nations where citizens are not allowed to choose who governs them. It is slightly paradoxical that democracy, so inherently flawed in theory, can lead to such successful outcomes in practice. The question, then, becomes: “If democracy has so many weaknesses, why does it work?”
Indonesian furniture industry is one of the potential sub sector in Indonesia. This Industry creates great job opportunities for Indonesian people. Furniture industry employs two million people directly, with an additional eighth million workers indirectly. Most of the industry is small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that could lead to substantial poverty alleviation throughout Indonesia. Typical Indonesian furniture products are made of wood and rattan. Around 57 per cent of Indonesian furniture exports are made up of wooden furniture, another 20 per cent of its export consist of furniture of rattan, and around five per cent includes other materials such as bamboo, plastic and metal. This is because of Indonesia has abundance raw materials, especially woods. Almost 108 million hectares of Indonesian land area consist of permanent forest (TREDA 2008). European countries and the United States are the
Throughout history different types of instrumental regimes have been in tact so civilizations remained structured and cohesive. As humanity advanced, governments obligingly followed. Although there have been hiccups from the ancient times to modern day, one type of government, democracy, has proven to be the most effective and adaptive. As quoted by Winston Churchill, democracy is the best form of government that has existed. This is true because the heart of democracy is reliant, dependent, and thrives on the populaces desires; which gives them the ability for maintaining the right to choose, over time it adjusts and fixes itself to engulf the prominent troubling issues, and people have the right of electing the person they deem appropriate and can denounce them once they no longer appease them. In this paper, the benefits of democracy are outlined, compared to autocratic communism, and finally the flaws of democracy are illustrated.
Michael Levin, a professor of philosophy and author of the book Feminism and Freedom, faults feminism for trying to impose an inappropriate equality on men and women that conflicts basic biological differences between the sexes (Levin, Taking Sides, 42). Women are not the same as men, neither physically nor psychologically. In the past, men tended to be the stronger more powerful gender, while women have traditionally been viewed as the weaker, more feeble one. The untrue assumption that men and women are the same in their ways of thinking and physical capabilities leads to the failure of the feminist message. Their agenda of eliminating all observable differences between men and women is doomed to fail and will inflict more pain than gain in the process. Recognizing the differences between the sexes and allowing each to do what they are strongest at will in the long run make society stronger, more efficient, and more effective.
Approximately 100 miles (160km) north of Australia, situates the second largest island in the south pacific called Papua New Guinea; occupying the eastern half of the rugged tropical island of New Guinea and some 700 offshore islands. With its comparative area size slightly larger than California, Papua New Guinea is about 287,595 miles in total area, of which 281,394 miles is land and 6,201 miles is water and accumulative of 3,201 miles of coastline. The central part of the island is composed of the Highlands, a chain of mountains and river valleys which run the whole length of the island and majority of its land covered in condense tropical rainforest. The name Papuan New Guinea derives from the Malay word papuwah meaning “fuzzy hair” and New Guinea from the origin of the land settlement. Papua New Guinea’s diversity relies greatly upon its geographical location, historical of settlers, resent society practices and the numerous adopted lifestyles. (Canberra)