The digestive system of the horse consists of a simple stomach, small intestines, cecum, large and small colons, rectum and anus. The horse’s stomach is comparatively small for its size. The stomach of an average horse has a holding capacity of about two gallons. This may be the reason horses eat small but frequent meals. From the stomach food moves to the small intestine, which is the main site of digestion. The small intestine empties into the cecum. The cecum; along with the large colon; make up the large intestine. Digestion in the large intestine occurs by action of bacteria and protozoa. (arg.gov.sk.ca)
The energy content found in feeds and how it is measured in Kilocalories (kcal). (arg.gov.sk.ca) which is also the measure used for calories in human consumption. Equine energy intake is measured in megacalories (Mcal) which are equal to 1000 calories. (arg.gov.sk.ca) The total energy in feed is called gross energy. The amount of the feed's gross energy that is used by the horse is called Digestible Energy or DE. Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) is also a measure of feed content energy, it is reported in percentages and converts between calories and weight. (arg.gov.sk.ca)
Carbohydrates supply 80-90% of dietary energy. Sugars, starch, cellulose and related substances are carbohydrates. Starch is more easily digested than cellulose. Grains are easy to digest as they are 60-80% starch. (arg.gov.sk.ca) A recent study conducted by Sharon R. Bullimore et. all. investigated the result of supplementing the diet of endurance horses with fructose rather than glucose. They “conclude that fructose is well-absorbed by horses and rapidly converted to glucose.”
An assessment of adequate energy intake can be established by evaluating body condition. Deficient diets result in weight loss in the horse. Alternate causes of weight loss are internal parasites and disease. Excess energy intake wall cause obisity which stresses joints and reduces athletic ability. (arg.gov.sk.ca) A horse in moderate physical condition is described as “Back level. Ribs cannot be visually distinguished but can be easily felt. Fat around tailhead beginning to feel spongy. Withers appear rounded over spinous processes. Shoulders and neck blend smoothly into body.” (Henneke et al., 1981)
Protein is necessary in a horse’s diet as they can not produce the amino acid lysine and must be supply it in their feed. The horse’s protein requirements vary depending on age and function. Young horses needing more as they are still developing tissues made of protein.
The middle class and the working class may not be the American Dream but they are the standard of living in America. So what describes the poor class? The poor class, unlike the other classes, has an actual definition. “In 2013, the poverty line for a family of four was $23,550.” (Conley 2015: 261) The average poverty family struggles to survive day-to-day living paycheck-to-paycheck and wondering how they’re going to make it. Furthermore, the way that America is structured makes it so that most Americans can’t easily achieve a higher socioeconomic
Training a horse to ride is hard work, it involves ground work, riding, and in both patience is very important. In the next few paragraphs I will be explaining the steps needed to train a horse.
Brosnahan MM, Paradis MR. Assessment of clinical characteristics, management practices, and activities of geriatric horses. JAVMA 2003; 223(1): 99-103
The term ‘easy keeper’ or ‘easy doer’ is heard often in the horse world when it comes to animals that retain fat fairly easily or that simply maintain their body weight without having to be fed in large amounts. Most people don’t think much of it, while plenty are glad to have horses that are easy to feed. However, that ‘cresty neck’, fat on the tail head and on the sheath or mammary glands of horses can have a lot more to do with their health than most folks take into consideration. Yes, they’re overweight but, in most cases, it doesn’t seem like a very big deal. However, recent studies have shown that these ‘easy keepers’ may be a big target for a detrimental condition.
Throughout the years, the older generations –The Silent Generation, Baby Boomers, and Generation X—have viewed Millennials as the lowest generation. They have illustrated this adverse title of the millennials that the world views to be true, but in late May of 2013, Joel Stein, a product of Generation X, wrote, “The New Greatest Generation: Why Millennials Will Save Us All” towards the older generations to prove them wrong. This article attempts to persuade Stein’s audience to believe that Millennials are not what the world has described them to be. Throughout his article, Stein informs the audience that although statistics portray Millennials to be narcissistic, he has faith that the Millennials are the future. While Stein did use data in
Two-parent families consist of a mother and father living in a home with dependent children. The family may consist of a biological mother and father or a step-parent. In two-parent families found little or no negative effects. Researchers suggest that children from two parent families are less likely to have social issues. Children raised in two-parent homes are more likely to complete high school and attend college. Cho, Lee, and Kuchner (2007) found that students raised in two parent homes demonstrate better behavior, have less absences and tardies and have much higher grade point averages. Researchers suggest that children from two parent homes have better grades and achieve academically as well as socially because the parents have more time to devote to the upbringing of the children oppose to single parents.
Class Separation lowers a person’s opportunity to achieve the American dream. As the separation between class increases, there is less possibility of achieving the American dream. Class separation has been around for a while. The higher class has higher prospect of achieving the American dream whereas the lower class does not. The separation between the class and its affect on achieving the American dream is demonstrated in the novel Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald, a political cartoon, The Great GAPsby society, an article by David Cay Johnson, Richest Are Leaving even the Rich Far Behind and Shadowy Lines That Still Divide by Janny Scott. Even though some argue that the class separation does not affect the ability of achieving the American Dream, these articles clearly explain how it does.
They worked very hard to provide for each other and their families, and for the three children that they would eventually give birth to. My father in his old age often tells stories of how he worked many odd jobs while studying with every minute of his spare time. My mother sometimes mentions the difficulty that she, her sisters, and her mother had with transitioning to living in America. And yet despite all these hardships, they managed to stay strong and live amazing lives. In the spare time they would tell my brothers and me these stories to teach us the importance of hard work and tenacity, just like my grandparents had told my parents when they were children. My parents were never the most emotionally open people, and with it is understandable. Their strong, tough exteriors were the results of many decades of hard work and survival. It was considered weak to show vulnerability. For this reason my parents showed little emotion, and taught my brothers and I to do the same no matter how harsh we are treated. But they also comforted us, saying that this "harshness" is just how adults are, and under the harshness is love and care that connects our family together. Despite their toughness, my parents always try their best to provide love in their own
Through a variety of investigative studies involving muscles biopsies, researchers have posed a variety of different pathways through which treatment or prevention could be applied. Certain skeletal muscle gene mutations, found more often in Quarter horses, have explained a potential link between macronutrient balance of diet and risk of developing ER 3.Polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM) and Recurrent Exertional Rhabdomyolysis (RER) are both genetic based disease that increase the risk of ER development4. PSSM is characterised by an unusual storage complex of glycogen in the muscles 5. RER is characterised by irregular myocellular calcium cycling and increased muscle contraction and necrosis 4. Current research is investigating the link between these conditions and ER in a variety of breeds. In these cases especially, it has been suggested that nutritional man...
The evolution of horses over the last 50 million years, is remarkable really. Horses used to look so different back then, its amazing to look at the difference now. Because there’s so much information on each and every type of horse that the modern horse started off as and a lot of researchers have put the information on timelines and graphs for people to view. It kinda resembles a tree if you look at the picture. It has so many different branches. To make this easy to understand this paper will go over a view of the many different forms of horse, including how old they are and what they looked like.
Throughout history a one-parent household has been deemed as a nontraditional family, but in today’s society it seems more and more common with every day. Although the reason and causes vary, each year the number of children raised by a single parent increases. Most people don’t seem to realize how much this can change a child’s future. The impact of childhood experiences simply set the disposition of adulthood and the rest of their lives. There is not one sole factor that affects child development, but one very important one is the role and relationship created with one’s parents. How a child is parented and raised leaves a lasting impression on them, commonly for a lifetime. You can see how this might alter a child, being that one parent is missing. Child development based off of living in a one-parent household is very circumstantial because each child and each parent are different individuals. But one thing is for sure; all areas of child development can be affected due to a missing parent, including social, cognitive emotional, and physical areas. I sat down with Dr. Carlos Antoline, a children’s school psychologist to see what the real impact of growing up in a one-parent household has on child development.
It is never a child’s decision to only live with one parent. There are many ways that single-parent homes occur. Some of these ways include unplanned pregnancy, divorce, the decision to be a single parent by choice, and death of a spouse. In every case families are disputed greatly. Parents might experience depression, emotional problems etc…. but the child is affected the most. Single-parent families are commonly targeted for controversial issues. We must be careful that we don’t stereotype these when they’re very hard to take care of themselves and their children. We do however need to notice distinct patterns in children who give up in a single parent home and what problems they face. Even though a dual family is noted as the best environment for c...
In today’s society many grow up in a single parent household and it may effect some different than other’s. For instance you can look at the percentage of race and how it affects each. For one can look at a black family and see the effects it has on them. Black families are in the high percentage range of growing up in a single parent home. The outcome has little effect on than that of a white family. Not all black families are single parent homes, but the ones that are may be due to parent killed, in prison, or just do not know who their father’s. To compare to a white family growing up in a single parent house can have a higher effect. White families may experience being in a single parent household due to parents getting divorced or death.
For many years, children growing up in a single parent family have been viewed as different. Being raised by only one parent seems impossible to many yet over the decades it has become more prevalent. In today’s society many children have grown up to become emotionally stable and successful whether they had one or two parents to show them the rocky path that life bestows upon all human beings. The problem lies in the difference of children raised by single parents versus children raised by both a mother and a father. Does a child need both parents? Does a young boy need a father figure around? Does the government provide help for single parents? What role do step-parents and step-siblings play? With much speculation, this topic has become a very intriguing argument. What people must understand is that properly raising a child does not rely on the structure of a family but should be more focused on the process
Parents of the individuals in Generation Y are according to Rosie Evans (n.d.) “subconsciously trying to cover up their guilt over the state of the economy by lifting their children’s financial burdens.” Our social lives in some ways are very positive and many of us can balance a good social life. On the other hand, some of us don’t have a very good balance and our social lives can come between our families, education, and finances. The Millennial generation is very dependent on social media, and what society says is “in,” this is because that’s mostly all we know, growing up in a time where technology is a main part of society. We may be very dependent on our social lives and having that is important as long as it is balanced and positive, learning to balance our lives among family, friends, school, and money is a big part of