Using the Biological Approach to Explain Lottery Addiction in Children
Britain is producing a generation of child gamblers hooked on the Lottery and fruit machines. Disturbing research by two eminent academics shows that hundreds of thousands of children-some as young as 11- are now addicted despite the supposed legal restrictions. The findings will fuel warnings from lottery critics that the country is storing up social problems and is likely to trigger pressure for a uniform age limit of 18 on all gambling."
(Reproduced from AQA A specimen material.)
In the A level examination you will be required to explain a target behaviour using any approach. The aim of this activity is to offer you, the candidate, the opportunity to express your true understanding of the approach by your ability to use it in a novel situation.
How would you explain lottery addiction in terms of the biological approach? The currency of the biological explanation is brain activity or brain anatomy, nervous impulses and neurotransmitters, hormones, and various organs in the body. A possible explanation could be as follows:
(a)
Why are young people hooked on the lottery and fruit machines? A psychologist might use the biological approach to explain this behaviour. Such a psychologist would explain the behaviour in terms of brain activity and the action of the central and autonomic nervous systems. The psychologist might also mention hormones.
An answer like this would attract relatively few marks as it does little more than sketch out the possible elements of a biological explanation and has not demonstrated a true understanding of the approach. In order to do this you really need to try to put together an explanation of the target behaviour.
(a)
An explanation of lottery addiction using the biological approach would focus on how biological systems can be used to explain and understand this behaviour. When an individual stands in front of a fruit machine the flashing lights are physiologically arousing, creating a sense of excitement and probably pleasure. Physiological arousal causes the body to produce certain hormones that prepare the person for fight or flight. We can also understand the individual's behaviour in terms of nervous impulses. The eyes watch the pictures on the fruit machine go round and send impulses to the brain where they are interpreted and further messages sent to the hands to press a button at an appropriate moment to stop the machine. In the A level examination you will be given an opportunity to evaluate one of your explanations so you can take the opportunity, as below, to indicate in what way the explanation offered in the first part of the question is lacking.
“Why We Keep Playing the Lottery”, by freelance journalist Adam Piore takes a very in depth look as to what drives millions of Americans to continually play the lottery when their chances of winning are virtually non-existent. He believes that because the odds of winning the lottery are so small that Americans lose the ability to conceptualize how unlikely it is that they are going to win, and therefore the risk of playing has less to do with the outcome, and more to do with hope that they are feeling when they decide to play. It 's essentially, "a game where reason and logic are rendered obsolete, and hope and dreams are on sale." (Piore 700) He also states that many Americans would rather play the lottery thinking ,"boy, I could win $100 million" (705) as opposed to thinking about all of the money they could lose over time.
Response: The process consists of screening and interviewing potential candidates through online posting boards and third party listing sites. Once a candidate pool is acquired the top qualified individuals are passed onto the Directors of the respected department. Once the candidates resumes are reviewed they are called in for a first round interview. Members present at the interview at the department heads and the CEO/Executive Director of the organization. A second and third round interview is conducted to narrow down the candidates based on strategic questions.
“The Lottery” written by Shirley Jackson is about a town coming together to hold a lottery. The twist being the winner of the lottery gets stoned to death by the town members. No one really know why their town and the ones surrounding it keep the practice going. But no one stops the ceremony they just know it is an event that happens every year for the past seventy seven years. Through the characters and the ritual of the lottery Jackson demonstrates how people blindly follow their traditions without knowing their history.
One of the most controversial short stories in its history is “The Lottery”, written by Shirley Jackson. The Lottery takes place in a sunny, beautiful day in an unnamed town. All of the villagers are gathering around to collect there slips of paper in order to see who won the Lottery. At the end it turns out that the prize for the winner is getting stoned to death. Shirley Jackson was known to make her stories have an unexpected turn of events. After all she was a very mysteries person whom many people believed that she fooled around with witchcraft. Other than that she was just another typical shy human being with amazing writing skills. For instance, she was able to come up with the idea of “The Lottery” as she was walking home pregnant,
Breastfeeding is best for mom too. Increased levels of oxytocin stimulate postpartum uterine contractions, reducing blood loss and encouraging uterine contractions. From 3 months to 12 months postpartum, breastfeeding increases the rate of weight loss in most nursing mothers. Breastfeeding has even been found to lessen the severity of postpartum depression by keeping the hormonal levels more balanced. Breastfeeding also reduces the mother’s risk for breast cancer, cervical cancer, and osteoporosis, (Shinskie and Lauwers, 2002). It is important that the lactation consultant collaborate with the mother shortly after delivery to eliminate frustration and prevent the abandonment of br...
Recruitment strategies for the company will be arranging the group interaction with talented and interested candidates, handpicking the dream candidates, actively searching the profiles of each candidate, attracting the candidates through different attractive offers (Cohen, & Cohen, 2007).
games etc should be banned from the age or 14 to 16. This would enable
When you hear the word “lottery”, the average person would usually think of something good or “clear and sunny” (1). This short story will have the reader thinking differently. Whether you love it or hate it, “The Lottery” has sparked emotion in everyone who has read the short story. This story masterfully shows that some traditions are not meant to be kept. Shirley Jackson’s “The Lottery” is a short story about the yearly lottery in a small village of three hundred. Everyone in the village picks a ticket out of the black box starting with the husband. If your last name is picked, the husband or a member of his family is picked via ticket draw. The person picked that time is subject to stoning. This sadistic cycle is then repeated every year.
which is seeking under the principle of merit, well qualified candidates from diverse walks of life
“The Lottery” is a story which shows the complexity and capability of human behavior. Something immoral, like stoning a person to death once a year, is a normal occurrence. The main character, Tessie Hutchinson, is the victim of the lottery. Tessie is a character with a number of seemingly good characteristics, yet her surrounding culture rejects these characteristics. The majority of the people in the village has opposite attitudes and beliefs in comparison to Tessie’s. These attitudes and beliefs reflect her personal desires which quickly struggle against the culture’s expectations. Tessie is unlike the other villagers; she is initially indifferent to the lottery indicating her desires are unrelated to the lottery. Upon winning the lottery, Tessie changes and her personal desires to survive and reject the lottery emerge in her selfishness and outspoken personality. These struggles against the village’s expectations are shown through the culture’s emphasis on tradition and small town ties.
In Shirley Jackson’s "The Lottery," what appears to be an ordinary day in a small town takes an evil turn when a woman is stoned to death after "winning" the town lottery. The lottery in this story reflects an old tradition of sacrificing a scapegoat in order to encourage the growth of crops. But this story is not about the past, for through the actions of the town, Jackson shows us many of the social ills that exist in our own lives.
In "The Lottery" Shirley Jackson fills her story with many literary elements to mask the evil. The story demonstrates how it is in human nature to blindly follow traditions. Even if the people have no idea why they follow.
Similarly to the previous article, the authors found a men 's opinion toward breastfeeding hosted a significant association between a mother 's choice to breast, or bottle feed her infant. Like mothers, a strong correlation between social conditions, including ethnicity, country of origin, education, and socioeconomic status, was found to have a sizeable impact on the father 's opinion of feeding method. This study, like many others, confirmed that breastfeeding ideals are often formed long before conception. Increasing the focus of breastfeeding to men and women alike through the use of the media, high school curriculums, and programs such as WIC could help make breastfeeding acceptance more widely spread across multi cultures, and also promote it as a socially acceptable
In today’s globalized world, multicultural teams accomplish a significant proportion of organizational work. Multicultural teams are formed because they improve organizational effectiveness in the global business environment. As such, multicultural teams offer huge potential to organizations. The most critical and practical challenge multicultural teams face is managing conflicts across members’ national cultural boundaries. Other cultural challenges in multicultural teams include dealing with coordination and control issues, maintaining communication richness, and developing and maintaining team cohesiveness. For multicultural teams to be effective, members must learn to address the challenges that arise from team members’ differing nationalities and cultural backgrounds.
what and what not to do again. By disappointing, I mean getting poor grades, not caring