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electronic fetal monitoring
electronic fetal monitoring
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Electronic Fetal Monitoring
Technology has had a very prominent influence on electronic fetal monitoring since its appearance in the 1960’s and 1970’s. For many years, fetal monitoring was simply done by listening to a fetal heartbeat through a stethoscope. Dramatic changes in the heartbeat, such as a long period or a drop in the rate or intensity, could be detected,. Now, not only is the electronic fetal monitor used on the outside of the womb by strapping electrodes to the mother’s abdomen but electrodes can also be inserted during the first stage of labor and placed directly on the baby’s head. With advanced technologies such as this the acidity of the infant’s blood as well as the heart rate can be measured.
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It is currently the best way of making sure that an unborn baby is doing well during labor.” Not only does the electronic fetal monitor keep a paper record of the baby’s heart rate, it also records uterine contractions to see how well the baby is handling the stress of contractions. Fetal monitoring is used in many cases of birth; premature, Cesarean sections, when the mother is anesthetized with general anesthesia, or when a spinal anesthetic is used.
Between five to ten percent of all infants are born more than two weeks before their due date due to several factors that include infections, illness, poor nutrition, or complications during the pregnancy. Fetal monitors are used in the cases of C-sections because there is a much higher risk of detecting the infant’s distress and therefore can go in more quickly to remove the baby from the uterus. When the mother is under general anesthesia, which is rare in the United States, the mother is not aware of any kind of pain or even the birth of her child. When the mother has spinal anesthesia she has no feeling from the waist down. Sometimes, the best indication that the baby is in distress is the mother- an unfamiliar pain occurs or something else could be a sign of problems. Thus the reason fetal monitoring is important in the case of
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, also known as HCM, is a type of heart disease that affects the Cardiac Muscles and Cardiac Muscle cells. This disease occurs if the Cardiac Muscle cells enlarge, which causes the wall of the heart’s ventricles (most often the left ventricle) to thicken. It can also cause stiffness in the ventricles, as well as mitral valve and cellular changes.
College athletes are undoubtedly some of the hardest working people in the world. Not only are they living the life of an average student, they also have a strenuous schedule with their specific sport. One of the most discussed topics in the world of college athletics is whether or not student-athletes should be paid money for playing sports. The people who disagree with the idea have some good arguments to make. Primarily that the athletes get to go to school for free for playing sports. Another argument is that if student-athletes were to get paid then it would ruin the amateurism of college sports. People who are against paying the athletes do not want to see the young people become focused on money. “Paying student-athletes would dramatically shift their focus away from where it should be - gaining knowledge and skills for life after college” (Lewis and Williams). This is very understandable because one of the biggest reasons college sports are so popular is because the athletes play for school pride and for bragging rights. They play because they enjoy the game, not because it is their job. Most people that disagree with the idea of paying the athletes fail to realize what really goes on behind the scenes. At most Universities around the country the bulk of the income the school receives is brought in through the athletic programs. In fact the football and basketball teams usually bring in enough money to completely pay for the rest of the athletic programs all together. To get a better understanding of how much has changed in the world of college sports a little history must be learned.
Approximately, 1 of every 500 people is affected with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, it is important for patients to understand the dynamics of the disease as it could potentially be life threatening. In most cases, the patients quality of life is not affected, but a few will experience symptoms that cause significant discomfort or undetected complications that could lead to sudden cardiac death. With that in mind, it would be beneficial to recognize what it is, specific causes, the steps of diagnoses, and the options for treatment.
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (feline HCM) in Maine Coons is a very serious myocardial disorder that often leads to sudden death due to heart failure. The Maine Coon (American Longhair) is the largest and oldest natural breed of domestic cat in North America with a distinct appearance with a lion-like ruff and a tail that resembles a raccoon’s and is good at hunting. HCM is when “a primary structural disorder of the myocardium; characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy… no symptoms to sustained palpitations, heart failure and sudden cardiac death” (2013). This is caused by a mutation of P.A31P in the cMyBP-C (myosin binding protein C) gene and these being the first non-human cases “feline familial HCM provides a valuable model
The nurse immediately started to intervene by turning the patient onto their left side. This intervention did not work; therefore the nurse turned the patient onto her right side and applied 10L of oxygen to the patient via a facemask. Also, the nurse opened her fluids wide. After turning the patient from side to side the fetal heart rate returned to normal. This initial decel lasted four minutes and had a nadir (lowest point) of 85bpm. As this was happening the physician and two residents came into the room, because the fetal heart monitor alarms at their station as well. Once the fetal heart rate was back to normal the physician asked the nurse to continue monitoring the patient closely. The fetal heart rate remained stable for about thirty minutes until 8:20am when the heart rate began to have late decels. A late decel is defined as “A late decel is defined as “a gradual (onset to nadir >30 seconds) decrease in FHR, with the onset, nadir, and recovery of the deceleration occurring after the beginning, peak, and ending of the contraction, respectively” (Miller, 2012). The nurse began to intervene again by turning the patient, applying an oxygen mask at 10L, and opening the fluids to run wide. This time the nadir reached 50bpm and the physician knew he needed to act fast. At 8:34 the physician artificially ruptured the patient’s membranes and applied a fetal scalp electrode. “This
College athletics is a billion dollar industry and has been for a long time. Due to the increasing ratings of college athletics, this figure will continue to rise. It’s simple: bigger, faster, stronger athletes will generate more money. College Universities generate so much revenue during the year that it is only fair to the players that they get a cut. College athletes should get paid based on the university’s revenue, apparel sales, and lack of spending money.
Partograph is a graphic form on which labor observations are recorded. Partograph provides overview of the progress of labor and records information about maternal and fetal condition during labor which is an early warning system” for identifying complications during childbirth. Partograph is important tools used to monitor labor and prevent prolonged and obstructed labor (Plotkin et al., 2011) The purpose of the partograph is to help health care providers to record, interpret, analyze and use data to make decisions of clinical management while labor is in progress. The provider must use critical thinking skills to interpret this information and make appropriate clinical decisions based on evidence and established protocols (Care, 2012) .
A baby monitor is also called a baby alarm. This is a radio system used to remotely listen to sounds made by the infant. The audio monitor consists of a transmitter unit, equipped with a microphone, and it is placed near to the child. It transmits the sounds pass the radio waves to a receiver unit. There is also completed by a speaker that can be carried by for the person to care the infant. Some of the monitors are completed by the music and some of them called baby cam because it is completed by a video camera.
Cardiomegaly is a descriptive term used for the finding of an enlarged heart and is not a disease itself. Cardiomegaly is a disorder and condition which the heart has enlarged to the point that it is 50 percent larger than the diameter of the surrounding rib cage. It can sometimes be nonpermanent due to stress on the body, for example like pregnancy, obesity, other medical conditions etc., due to statistics the number of people diagnosed with heart diseases is 11.3%. The amount
I felt quite marvelous today, because of the opportunity of assisting the nurse. I felt the baby’s head in gage at the cervix and use A Pinard horn, also known as a fetoscope to listen to the fetal heartbeat.
It is always a joy when a child is born. The moment their little hands touch yours is truly a wonderful feeling. Because babies need extra special care and attention, having to part with them is difficult, even for a few minutes. You must keep watch of them at all times. With this need, the invention of baby monitors came. Now, you can keep your baby a step closer when you are away.
...as than others. The oldest source was the textbook Infants and Children. The other three sources were from the Internet written in 1996. Doctors wrote two of the articles and the other one was from the health information for Lenox Hill Hospital. I believe that overtime birthing methods have changed and have alternative ways to proceed, however, the cesarean delivery is pretty much the same procedure and cannot really be changed in any way, which means that the information given will be basically the same.
A baby monitor and breathing sensor is a device which gives you to move with peace of mind in your house and do your daily tasks while your little baby is sleeping. These monitors are like blessings for many parents but there are also some issues and complaints regarding the electronic or battery problem in it.
As noted earlier, the field of maternal-fetal medicine is one of the most rapidly evolving fields in medicine especially when it concerns the fetus. Research is being done in the field of fetal gene and stem cell therapy in hopes of providing early treatment for genetic disorders (Abi-Nader et.al, 2009). Research is also been done for open fetal surgery for the correction of birth defects like congenital heart disease, and the prevention of pre-eclampsia.
Only viable fetuses are monitored, because no obstetric intervention will alter the outcome of a pre-viable fetus. Determination of fetal viability is subject to institutional variation: an estimated gestational age of 20 - 26 weeks and an estimated fetal weight of 500g. Are commonly used thresholds of viability. Therefore, patients who have minor trauma and who are at less than 20 weeks gestation do not require specific intervention or monitoring. All pregnant women beyond 20 weeks’ gestation should undergo a minimum of 4 - 24 hours, and in some cases as long as 48 hours of monitoring. Fetal distress may be the first sign of maternal hemodynamic compromise and fetal distress, and to identify possible placenta abruption.