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social influences on participation in sports
sport sociology and career flashcards
sex gender and sexuality in sports
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The Social and Cultural Costs and Benefits of Men and Women Playing a non-traditional Sport for their Gender
The lines that separate the sexes in sport have been historically rooted in society's way of thinking. Though these lines have lately begun to fade, they are still embedded in the attitudes of the majority of the public. Women and men alike have been and still seated in their respective sports without much room or access to cross that gender line. These limitations take various forms, such as the availability of opportunities that are given to those that wish to enter certain sports to the media portrayals of athletes crossing these gender boundaries.
The costs and sacrifices for an aspiring athlete entering a non-traditional sport for their gender are sometimes overwhelming and detrimental to their sport career. These athletes often experience the frustration of finding training facilities catering to their gender. More so, the lack of financial support from family or even endorsements hinder athletes from pursuing the best training available. Aside from financial considerations, finding willing mentors and coaches willing to blind themselves from the sex of the athlete doesn't come as easy as for instance, Diana in Girlfight. Most importantly, the emotional support that is greatly important in the mental preparedness of an athlete is often not existent. Young children are often discouraged and not offered opportunities to pursue desired sports if they are considered gender bending. In Billy Elliot, though Billy has a real passion and talent for ballet, it is after much time that his family accepts it. Billy's father and brother, employed in mining, a traditionally masculine field, are initially disapproving of his aspirations mostly because of the stigmas on sexuality placed on male ballet dancers. These stigmas appear throughout numerous sports; women who body build or play rough sports like rugby or hockey are often looked at as butch and thus characterized as lesbians. In Pumping Iron II, Bev appears to have been in the best shape, but she is deemed too masculine to win a body building competition. Similarly, men who ice skate or are cheerleaders are considered feminine or gay. On the same note, the strengths of men in these non-traditionally male sports are often doubted; it is speculated that the male might be weak and cannot handle "manlier" sports. Even women who enter male dominated sports are considered to be too tender to play.
Veterans are overrepresented among the homeless population in the United States at 40% as it relates to poverty (Fargo, et al. 2012). Research indicates that poverty, lack of support networks, mental illnesses, finances, childhood experiences, substance abuse, and overcrowded or substandard housing are some factors that contribute to homelessness among veterans. Additionally, study shows that homelessness among veterans is at a higher percentage in the categories of age, race, and gender as it relates to the contributing factors (Fargo, et al. 2012). Donna Washington, et al. (2010) observed certain characteristics associated with homelessness such as sexual assault during military service, unemployment, disabled,
Shirer, William L. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: a History of Nazi Germany. New York:
In Denis Tedlocks, Popol Vuh, the specific features of heroism expressed in the story are Knowledge, and intellect, which prove to be significantly more important than gaining glory through physical courage and strength. The two main characters, Xbalanque and Hunaphu are the children of One and Seven Hunaphu who end up dying through their defeat by the lords of Xibalba named One and Seven Death. Xbalanque and Hunaphu then use deceitful actions in order to attain their ideal goal of defeating One and Seven Death. Xbalanque and Hunaphu are the protagonists who use their intellect in the internal battle which enable them to achieve what they are striving for. This format of the hero’s journey portrayed by Christopher Vogler’s The Writer’s Journey, states that a hero is someone who is willing to sacrifice his own needs on behalf of others, and perhaps even his own life (Vogler 32). Xbalanque and Hunaphu’s heroic journey contradicts what Vogler implies through his explanation of what a hero is while on the other hand, fitting perfectly in the heroic journeys of King Arthur in Malory’s Sir Thomas Le Morte Darthur, and Beowulf in Seamus Heaney’s Beowulf, both who end up loosing more than they gained by the misuse of power and pride. The meaning conveyed by the monomyth in Popol Vuh, is affected by the combination of the trickster and hero archetypes. By using trickery, Xbalanque and Hunaphu go against the heroic journey as defined by Vogler, and in doing so, succeed in their defeat of One and Seven Death.
...erging Adult Homeless in Two U.S. Cities. National Association of Social Workers, 58(2), 173-175. doi: 10.1093/sw/swt006
Have you ever wondered how the veterans became homeless? A veteran can become homeless by many ways. Many become homeless due to being discharged early from physical or mental reasons or because when they come out of active duty, some of them are unable to act in social environments due to their mental state because of events or situations they dealt with while serving in the military. Others may not be able to financially support themselves after they are out of the military and are unable to obtain jobs.With that in mind, what
Gulcur, Leyla, Padgett, Deborah K., and Tsemberis, Sam. (2006). “Housing First Services for People Who Are Homeless with Co-Occurring Serious Mental Illness and Substance Abuse.” Research on Social Work Practice, Vol 16 No. 1.
It goes without saying that a person's gender, racial and social origins influence their participation in sports. Particular races and genders often dominate certain sports. African Americans, for example, tend to dominate football and basketball, while Caucasians tend to dominate ice hockey. The same holds true for gender as well. Football is an entirely male dominated sport, while horseback riding, gymnastics and figure skating are much more female oriented. How and why did these divisions come about? Determining the origin of gender goes beyond the scope of this paper, however one can speculate about how gender classifications and stereotypes affect one's role in the sports arena.
"Homelessness--women veterans' service award?" Monthly Labor Review Nov. 2012: 36+. Student Resources in Context. Web. 17 Mar. 2014.
According to the VA, homeless veterans are mostly single males living in big cities and who tend to suffer some illness and/or abuse (“FAQ About Homeless Veterans”). This definition implies men make up the entire veteran population. This is not so, but they do make up the majority. Women make up around eight percent of homeless veterans, as stated by the National Coalition for Homeless Veterans in the report “National Coalition for Homeless Veterans: Homeless Female Veterans.”Women are usually not considered, or forgotten, as part of the homeless population due to the minority their numbers play as homeless veterans, but it is still important that they are kept in mind and provided with a solution just like homeless veteran
“Homelessness continues to be a particularly troubling problem facing American society. Perhaps, even more troubling is the disproportionate share of veterans among the American homeless. Simply put, it is unconscionable that people who have often sacrificed a great deal in service to their country should face such deplorable circumstances upon their return to the home front. While the causes of homelessness among veterans are numerous and complex, research demonstrates that child support obligations play a major role in impeding the ability of homeless veterans to leave the streets and return to productive society.” (Berenson, 2011, Para.
Gesink, Indira. "Fascism, Nazism and Road to WWII." World Civilizations II. Baldwin Wallace University. Marting Hall, Berea. 3 April 2014. Class lecture.
Homelessness among veterans has become a major problem in the United States. According to The National Alliance to End Homelessness, states with the largest numbers of homeless Veterans included: California, Florida, New York, Texas, Washington, Nevada, Arizona, Michigan, and Oregon. The U.S Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) states that the nation’s homeless veterans are predominantly male, with just a little of them are female. Most of them are single; live in urban areas; and suffer from mental illness, alcohol and substance abuse, or co-occurring disorders. America’s homeless veterans have served in World War II, the Korean War, Cold War, Grenada, Panama, Lebanon, Persian Gulf War, Afghanistan and Iraq, the military’s anti-drug
Although homelessness and mental illness are two separate experiences, they have similar starts. Those that suffer from infantile misfortune are probable to becoming homeless by the time they are adults and could have physical or mental health difficulties (Montgomery et al. S265). Having a history of abuse, being a woman, and long periods of homelessness are big factors in the development of a mental illness (Helfrich et al. 116). The victimization state of mind experienced by many homeless is detrimental in why they cannot cope with their current situation. This also means that they could focus too much on one thing and become hysterical or paranoid. Witnessing a traumatic event is increased by homelessness and is more likely to cause mental disorders (qtd. in Helfrich et al. 116). Illnesses like PTSD are linked directly to the victim seeing a traumatic scene (Helfrich et al...
It may seem obvious to some why people mate, however there are many facets to human mating. Psychology has shown that reasons for mating have gone beyond the scope of love and physical attractiveness. People may search for mates who resemble archetypical images of the opposite-sex parent, mates with characteristics that are either complementary or similar to one's own qualities, or mates with whom to make an exchange of valuable resources (Buss 238). Although these theories play a key role in understanding patterns in human mating preferences, evolutionary psychology and sexual selection theory provide more concrete frameworks for explaining human mating.
On November 12th, 1970, the deadliest cyclone in the history of Bangladesh, formerly East Pakistan, struck around the northwest shores of the Bay of Bengal. East Pakistan was undergoing widespread poverty at the time, leading to a wide range of uncertainty in the death toll of the cyclone (Encyclopedia 501). Tensions between East and West Pakistan were at large at the time, leading West Pakistan to be disinclined to assisting East Pakistan in recovering from the storm (History 4). This became a factor to the national mutilation of East Pakistan (Geol 1). This calamity is by no means the strongest storm in history. The storm merely struck the worst possible place at the worst possible time (Disaster 172). Due to this, Bhola is frequently recognized as the most devastating tropical storm in history (International 5).