Sparta and Athens - Explain and Contrast
Both Sparta and Athens were Greek city-states. Sparta was a strict military ruled city-state where the people established themselves as a military power early. However Athens was more of a political city-state that was more involved with their economical stature than their military forces. Still changes from the Persian wars would change the powers of the city-state and somewhat unite them.
Sparta was a strict military city-state. The people were Dorians who conquered Laconia. This region lies in the Peloponnesus, which lied in southern Greece. The invaders turned the conquered people into state owned slaves, called helots. Since the helots greatly outnumbered their rulers, Spartans established a strict and brutal system of control. The Spartan government had two kings and a council of elders who advised the monarchs. An assembly made up of all citizens approved all major decisions. From child-hood, a Spartan prepared to be part of the military. All newborn were examined and the healthy lived and the sickly were left to die. Spartans wanted future soldiers or mothers of soldiers to be healthy. At the age of seven, boys trained for a lifetime in the Spartan military. They moved to the barracks and endured brutal and extensive training.
Athens was located in Attica, just north of the Peloponnesus. As in many Greek city-states, Athenian government evolved from a monarchy into an aristocracy. Around 700 B.C., noble landowners chose the chief officials. Nobles judged major cases in court and dominated the assembly. Athenian wealth and power grew under the aristocracy. Yet discontent spread over the commoners. Merchants and soldiers resented the power of the nobles and argued that their services to Athens entitled them to more rights. As discontent spread the government slowly moved towards a democracy. Solon, one of Athens greatest leaders, made many reforms such as outlawing debt slavery. And freed those who had already been sod into slavery due to debt. Solon encouraged the export of olive oil and other such products, aiding to the economy.
The Persian war brought massive change to the people of both Sparta and Athens. The Persians were great conquerors who crushed rebel cities with ease. King Darius sent a large force to punish Athens with its interference. The Persian army landed at Marathon where Athenian forces attacked. Though they were outnumbered 2 to 1 they emerged victorious. Athens had convinced Sparta and other city-states to join them in their battles.
The ancient civilization of Greece contained many different city-states; two of these city-states were Sparta and Athens. Sparta and Athens were different in their values, politics, and societies. Sparta was focused on their military, discipline, and to have a strong state. Athens was a democratic state that was peaceful and where women were open to culture and democracy. How do these two city-states differ?
Another reason Sparta won was because of the Persians. Sparta had an extremely strong land force and a small navy. Persia sent naval ships to the Spartans and hoped to help destroy the Athenian empire (Hunt p. 80). Without the help of Persia, the war may have turned out a little differently.
Sparta and Athens are alike in few ways one was is in there class of social groups. Sparta has citizens first, then neighbors second, and helots at the bottom. As Athens also starts with citizens first, then metics second, and slaves last. Although they differ in the jobs are pretty much the same. They also had overseers/rulers who surved one year terms. Spartas name for them was ephors and Athens name for them was archons. Another thing that they had incommon was the early govenment of Athens which was the "Age of Kings" and the government of Sparta which also had kings.
Wittig, A. F., Belkin, G. S., & Wittig, A. F. (1990). Chapter 13: Personality Principles. In Introduction to Psychology (pp. 279-280). New York: McGraw-Hill.
The Greek city states of Athens and Sparta pioneered two uniquely different systems for administering the everyday lives of their citizenry. In many ways each was uniquely shaped by the cultural nuances and specific challenges they faced. For Sparta the key concern was a system that most efficiently protected them from the perceived threat of a massive slave population that outnumbered the Spartans as greatly as seven to one at some point. For the Athenians it was the need to balance the demands of the general citizen population versus the interests of the Aristocratic elite.
...2010). Internet addiction or excessive internet use. American Journal Of Drug & Alcohol Abuse, 36(5), 277-283. doi:10.3109/00952990.2010.491880
The study of personality traits is beneficial in identifying the many variables that exist from human to human; the combinations of these variables provide us with a true level of individuality and uniqueness. In the field of psychology, trait theory is considered to be a key approach to the study of human personality (Crowne, 2007; Burton, Westen & Kowalski, 2009). This paper aims to identify a number of significant contributors who have played crucial roles in both the development and application of trait theory. This paper then moves focus to these theorists, outlining their theory and analysing both the strengths and weaknesses of those theories. An illustration of the methods used in trait measurement is given and includes the arguments both for and against such procedures. Lastly the findings of trait theory and its components described within the paper will be summarised.
In Greg Beato’s article “Internet Addiction” originally published in august, september 2010 in to Reason magazine he argues that internet addiction is a problem in our society today. Internet addiction should be reported in the Diagnostic and statistic manual of mental disorder (DSM). It is a huge problem, he also says that internet is like narcotic drugs and very addicting. He states that if ones use Google for few minutes only it leads us to spend more than a few minutes on the internet and it turns in to spending hours. Beato refers that University of Maryland did a group study for 24 hour and all the students went crazy without their phones and iPods, one girl admitted that she is an addict. The students were anxious and miserable. He also says that one kid killed his parents because they took away his Xbox. Internet also leads to death of people, therefore it is a problem and we should put it on to the DSM.
Raymond B. Cattell (1906-1998) studied the personality traits of large groups of people, calling the visible features of their personalities “surface traits.” During his studies, Cattell observed that certain “surface traits” would appear simultaneously in individuals. When Cattell noticed this trend occurring frequently he renamed the group of “surface traits” “source traits”. At the conclusion of his research Cattell identified sixteen “source traits.”
Our society is becoming more technology advanced every day. It seems like new flips and gadgets are coming out every month. The latest phone is being updated, new software is available for download and we all have the urge to poses it. It's safe to say that technology and the use of the internet is becoming more and more widely spread throughout our world today, but being attached to the internet can have negative side effects and be harmful to ourselves. That's where the word "internet addiction" comes in. Internet addiction is a slightly growing problem that’s becoming a huge issue in our world today. Internet addiction can cause people to lose sight of focus and affect their work productivity. The internet is easily available in many countries especially since Internet connectivity speed is increasing and access is rising as well. Some of the websites that cause people to be attached to the internet are social media, gaming, porn, internet surfing, gambling and a few more. If we use the internet wisely, it will benefit us as opposed to harming us in the long run.
NetAddiction.com, a center for online addiction, classifies internet addiction disorder as “a compulsive behavior in which the Internet becomes the organizing principle of addicts' lives.” Having an addiction and engaging in compulsive behavior are two entirely different concepts. Internet addiction often arises from a low self-esteem or depression. Moreover, people with ADHD are more prone to the addiction because of boredom and the constant stimulation of the technology. Psychologists suggest that Internet addiction can be a symptom of a more recognized problem such as social isolation (Stewart) (Zed).
The lack of a common naming system in internet addiction works to heighten the challenges related to the issue. Some terminologies used to describe internet addiction include compulsive, excessive, pathological, and problematic internet use, internet dependency, virtual addiction, internet abuse, as well as internet addiction disorder (Carlisle et al., 2016). This lack of a commonly accepted classification implies that it may be difficult to include internet addiction in DSM-5 for easier diagnosis and intervention. However, the article reports of various researchers who agree that substance addiction and behavior addiction have similar bio-psychosocial processes as well as features. Most process addictions with the inclusion of internet addiction intersect as mental health challenges. While gambling addiction is the first to be included in DSM-III as one of the process addictions, challenges arise on ways in which clinicians will utilize newfangled diagnosis, and ways in which researchers will join efforts to define various forms of process addiction as a clinical challenge. Though section 3 of the DSM-5 has incorporated internet gaming disorder, it is claimed to be unclear and may wrongly compel clinicians to diagnose process addictions with the diagnosis manual (Carlisle et al., 2016). There is, therefore a need to come up with a
Costea, I., Jinaru, A., Munteanu, A., Palos, R. (2009). Psychological and behavior aspects regarding internet addiction. Annals of DAAAM & Proceedings. http://www.freepatentsonline.com/article/Annals-DAAAM-Proceedings/224712930.html
Internet addiction is a growing problem with more and more people. The internet is much more accessible to people now than it was just a few years ago. The internet provides people with entertainment, loads of information, and an escape from everyday life, but like anything else, too much a good thing can be addictive. This paper will cover what internet addiction is, warning signs of internet addiction, problems caused by internet addiction, who develops internet addiction, preventing and treating internet addiction, and safety guidelines for internet users.
Living in the 21st century means dealing with technology every day. Constantly kids, teens, and students alike use the internet for homework, games, and just to stay connected on social media. Mild to severe depression is likely in younger people who are addicted to the internet. Internet addiction is excessive computer use that gets in the way of daily life. Internet addiction was not even recognized as a problem until the mid-1980s when psychologist Ivan Goldberg proposed it as a hoax. (Qiaolei) People who are addicted to the internet would rather play games, chat in online communities, and view pornographic websites than actually meeting and socializing with real people face to face. Some people who spend an extra amount of time online might not even notice their absence from social interactions and signs of depression might sneak up on them. People who are experiencing depression from the internet use the internet to “self-medicate” which is the same as someone abusing alcohol or other drugs to treat a disorder. (Wilson) Some signs of internet caused depression include difficulty concentrating, insomnia, irritability, and loss of interest in activities or hobbies that were once enjoyable. The internet is becoming a necessity of most people lives. Balancing the online world and real life is important in maintaining relationships and avoiding