The Origins of Noble Savagery
There are essentially two schools of thought on what life was like for early humans: Thomas Hobbes’ famous quote that life was “nasty, brutish, and short,” and the popular Western image of the “noble savage” that dominated literature and archaeology in the Victorian era. In our modern era, this view has been termed the “Garden of Eden” conception of early humanity, as expounded by Ponting in his book, A Green History of the World: a fruitful, easily productive environment that allowed its inhabitants a heavenly existence living in connectivity and harmony with nature. The difference between these two polarized views is essentially the difference between idealizing and condemning early humanity through its evolutionary stages from ape to Homo erectus.
In her article “Modern Human Origins,” Mary Stiner raises the question of whether the evolutionary transitions from H. erectus to H. sapiens to H. sapiens sapiens were sudden, occurring among one or two populations and allowing the rest to die out, or gradual, with evolutionary change and adaptation spreading slowly among populations all over the world. The boundary of transition to modern humans, Homo sapiens sapiens, is traditionally defined at approximately 35,000 years ago.
Stiner argues that it was at this point that early humans began learning from and putting into practice the advanced hunting techniques of the wolves, big cats, and other large predators cohabiting their environments. If, as she suggests, the transition to humanity was marked essentially by new, sophisticated methods of hunting and predation, methods that could later be adapted to use in warfare among humans, then our origins do not very well fit the “noble savage” conce...
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...t of modern humans. This date fits well with the “jump” evolutionary theory, that early humans developed slowly into H. sapiens but as soon as they reached a crucial point in sophistication they suddenly “became” more modern as a whole, with the entire species poised in readiness to evolve and learn. Now, however, scientists are studying new finds in France and old ones in China and, according to Michael Balter in Science magazine, some have pushed back the date of our earliest fireplaces to approximately 465,000 years ago. Fire use is not widespread since that period and has only been found in a rare few scattered sites, providing support for the gradual evolution theory and giving H. erectus due credit as the ancestors of modern humans, rather than as a breed of noble savages, living natural lives and innocent of any connections with us, the modern world-ravagers.
In the struggle between Creon and Antigone, Sophocles' audience would have recognized a genuine conflict of duties and values. From the Greek point of view, both Creon's and Antigone's positions are flawed, because both oversimplify ethical life by recognizing only one kind of good or duty. By oversimplifying, each ignores the fact that a conflict exists at all, or that deliberation is necessary. Moreover, both Creon and Antigone display the dangerous flaw of pride in the way they justify and carry out their decisions. Antigone admits right from the beginning that she wants to carry out the burial because the action is glorious. Antigone has a savage spirit; she has spent most of her life burying her family members.
Hypnosis is derived from the Greek word hypnos, which means sleep ("Hypnotism"). However, the patient does not sleep during hypnosis. It has been described as a therapeutic method, which uses the "technique of inducement of trance, which is a state of semi-conscious relaxation, at the same time maintaining sensory contact with the environment" (Bernik). Hypnosis can produce various levels of perception, increased memory, increased attention and motor functions, and "higher intellectual functions" (Bernik).
...ed and smoke filled buildings. He had thin gray, almost white, hair that had thinned over time. His eyes seemed to be sunken into his face, and his skin sagged. He looked younger than he truly was, and was acting like it too. He had a family at home, waiting on him to return, or at least praying that he would return. Mychal Judge was the Fire Department Chaplin at the New York Fire Department. He was not required to go to the scene, but chose to do so anyway. Father Judge had been kneeling, giving the last rites to a firefighter who had been killed by a falling body. Because, Mychal Judge was the first to be released from ground zero. This 68-year-old man’s death certificate bore the number one on September 11, 2001. (One Nation 70). September 11. 2001 changed America, and the world, forever. No one ever thought four planes and nineteen terrorist could do so much.
Although Science and Pseudoscience are evidently two completely different topics, what is considered to be classified as a Science or Pseudoscience is a controversy topic that’s still being debated today. While science builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the world through the scientific method, pseudoscience is a claim, belief or practice which is presented as science, but lacks support of evidence and cannot be reliably tested. Hypnosis is one topic several psychologists and those in the field of science are seemingly still debating today, in result to its several different uses. Although hypnosis is shown to work when dealing with certain phenomena’s like stress, there are several uses it is considered to be very ineffective and simply not a science.
lies in the depth of the friendship they form. It begins in opposition (Tablet II: 96-108),
The history of hypnosis is full of contradiction. One can compare it to that of breathing; as hypnosis, breathing is an intrinsic and universal trait, shared and experienced by all human beings since the dawn of time, but it has been only decades that man has come to study and appreciate its immense importance (Kihlstorm 1). Hence, continuingly preserving its relevance to breathing, "[h]ypnosis itself hasn't changed for millennia, but our understanding of it and our ability to control it has changed quite profoundly. The history of hypnosis, then, is really the history of this change in perception"(Kihlstorm 1). It has always been present, while it is a naturally occurring state of your body, yet it is has just recently been dissected and experimented upon to truly comprehend its proper purpose and power. "Ancient Chinese, Hindu, and Egyptian texts all mention healing procedures that are hypnotic inductions by any other name"(Walkin 4), therefore the roots of hypnosis have come a long ways. During these times, the practice was preformed, yet with no scientific explanation, consequently resulting in the rumor of demonic, or spiritual work. After modernization and industrialization began to replace and extinguish all non- proven techniques, including hypnosis, hypnosis took several decades until its next prosperous upspring. The first application of hypnosis on the medical field can be credited to the famous Franz Mesmer as his work "can be seen as both the last flourish of 'occult' hypnosis and the first flourish of the 'scientific' view point. Mesmer was the first to propose a rational basis for the effects of hypnosis" (Walkin 16). Mesmer allowed hypnosis to flourish once again, but in order to be accepted amongst the new 'enlig...
Hypnosis Hypnosis is like guided daydreaming, a form of relaxed concentration. What is relaxed is first, the body and second, the conscious part of the mind. Hypnosis can be helpful at any age. Getting a good night's sleep, or conquering a phobia, are just two of the benefits you can bring to yourself with hypnosis, whereas other benefits include controlling pain, dealing with disease, positive idea about illness or serous diseases, reduction of medications, getting a good night’s sleep, overcoming guilt, resisting disturbing memories, improving relationships with family members and those around you are some of the benefits and positive uses of Hypnosis. Hypnosis has also been defined as a form of conditioning. A person learns, through direct experience or the media, how to behave 'hypnotized.' Another way to see hypnosis as something learned is to assert that a person becomes conditioned to a word stimulus such as "Relax." Once having allowed himself to relax, the client is thereafter conditioned to repeat the experience of relaxing upon hearing the stimulus-word. Yet another definition of hypnosis, one that has wide support among researchers, is that it is a form of dissociation. That is, that in some as yet unexplained way, the mental functioning of a person is compartmentalized and one part can be isolated from the others. The art and science of hypnosis is at once both old and new. Old, because it was used in ancient times and has a pedigree that stretches back to the beginning of mankind’s conscious development. New, because only over the past 100 years has it been subject to the full force of scientific scrutiny, after the discovery (re-discovery) that the unconscious mind, emotions and personal history directly affect ...
...e people began to settle in villages the beginning of social class and government were formed to maintain order and a sense of security as a community. Other technological advances were made as well including the making of bronze to form stronger weapons and permanent homes.
“History followed different courses for different peoples because of differences among peoples’ environments, not because of biological differences among people themselves.”(Diamond 25) This statement is the thesis for Jared Diamond’s book Guns Germs and Steel the Fates of Human Societies.
Gilgamesh was tall, beautiful, imposing and performed great deeds and was one who looked into the great deep. “He opened passes in mountains, dug wall on the edges of well sailed the Great ocean sailed explored the end of the earth” suggests that he was very adventurous and was eager to gain knowledge .He suppressed all other kings and towered above ordinary people. “His force could smash through walls” suggests that he was brave and fearsome like a wild bull; he led troops and defended the rears and was one who his soldier could always count on. He built many holy places that the flood had destroyed and restored the rituals for the benefit of the people. Gilgamesh always had his “head held high” this suggests that he had no equal strength and wore out his companions. “He leaves no young man to his father and no bride to her bridegroom” this suggests that he oppressed the people of Uruk.
Common knowledge holds it that primitive man was a being barely more developed than the ape, existing without culture, innovation, or technological prowess. This belief focuses especially on homo erectus, an ancestor of man who lived from about 2 million to roughly 200,000 years ago. It is commonly believed that h. erectus was a creature existing in technological stasis, without the ability to advance his existence through innovation, and void of culture. This type of thinking could quickly be altered, though, if recent discoveries hold true. Recent evidence points to a distinct possibility that h. erectus may have been the first ancestor of man to harness the power of fire. Such a finding would greatly alter the current system of beliefs in regard to the evolution of man and the status of man's ancestors during the time of h. erectus. These findings would indicate that h. erectus did have some culture, and some innovative skill that allowed him to control his environment. The evidence supporting the taming of fire by h. erectus is not beyond reproach, though. In fact, it has come under heavy questioning. A desire for even stronger evidence could eventually dispel the notion that this primitive version of man could control fire, and allow for maintenance of the current belief that man did not truly evolve into a being with any type of culture until the existence of homo sapiens.
2005. The Human Past: World Prehistory and the Development of Human Societies. The World Transformed: From Foragers and Farmers to States and Empires.
According to Clive Pointing the four distinguishing features of mankind as illustrated in his Green History of the World were: a large brain, ability to walk upright on two feet, use of speech, and the adaptation of technological means to overcome hostile environments (p. 24). It is commonplace to consider the first use of stone and rock tools to cut meat and later to hunt, which is dated back to 2 million years ago, as the first instant of technological industry. After all, anthropologists assert that other animals use tools, bu...
Risk-taking is one of the chief dimensions of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs are found to be more risk takers than the managers and salaried employees, such that, they are willing to put their homes on mortgage, jobless and can work for years without any earning (Burns, 2011; Masters & Meier, 1988). According to (Moore & Gergen, 1985), entrepreneurs always take calculate risk and always analyse the situation. Cognitive Psychology supports that the risk taking ability is just limited to their area of expertise (Sjöberg, 1978, Heath & Tversky, 1991). According to (Heath & Tversky, 1991), entrepreneurs take more risk in the area of their interest and expertise and not in those area, they have little knowledge about. But even then also, they take more risk than general population.