Emergent Systems – Religion Versus Science
Religion is an institution that invokes unobservable and improbable entities to explain the natural world. It provides a default explanation for anything not currently understood. Over the last few thousand years, the number of unknowns has exponentially decreased along with religion's monopoly on why and how. Now, religion is almost never invoked to interpret reality. When someone has a seizure, a hole isn't drilled in his head. When our children ask where AIDS or lightning comes from, we no longer answer "God."
We now have a wonderful array of social and natural sciences at our disposal. Sociology tells us why people behave seemingly oddly in groups. Psychology explains that people aren't strictly good or evil. Biochemistry shows us how the neurons in our brain work and even gives recipes for chemicals that make us happier and less anxious. Physics tells us how these molecules are bound together and how they can be split apart.
Each of the sciences is pretty confined to its scope. The pure sciences explain the simple in slightly simpler terms. The social sciences explain the complex in slightly less complex terms. However, they do string end-to-end very nicely, one picking up where the previous left off.
There does seem to be a large gap that is covered by no field at this time. That gap is between neurobiology and psychology. The first explains how each individual neuron operates. The second, what they do when about 15 billion of them get together. What happens in between that creates consciousness and apparent self-awareness? To many, it's obvious that this gap will be filled by another scientific field. However, to most of the world, this is the final unknown. Like the unknowns before it, it's filled by religion.
Nearly all current religious beliefs are concentrated around this remaining scientific gap. What are the most prevalent remaining religious beliefs? People no longer believe the earth is the center of the universe or disease is punishment from God. These contradict existing hard sciences. The remaining beliefs are those that fill in for this missing scientific field. The soul and the afterlife.
How are the soul and afterlife related to this missing field? The soul is a catch-all concept that substitutes for our lack of understanding of consciousness. Afterlife is recognition that because the mind (soul) is not understood, it is to be treated as a black box. The afterlife concept is a hopeful presupposition that because we do not know what goes on inside the black box, it may possess an ability to transcend its apparent cease of functioning.
Fox, R. 2001. Invertebrate Anatomy OnLine: Artemia Franciscana. Lander University. http://webs.lander.edu/rsfox/invertebrates/artemia.html, retrieved February 13, 2011.
Banner, Lois W. Elizabeth Cady Stanton: A Radical for Womanâs Rights. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1980.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton who is one of the famous women in the movement was born in 1815 in Johnstown, New York. She received her formal education in her college and an informal legal education by her father. On her honeymoon in London, she and Lucretia Mott were angry at the exclusion of the woman. And then they decided to call a woman’s right convention. And for the next 50 years, she played a leadership in Suffrage movement, which is getting the movement to get the right to vote. She wrote “The Declaration of Sentiments.” It was calling for changes in law and society like educational, legal, political, social and economic. She elevated women's status, and demanded the right to vote. In 1851, she met Susan B. Anthony. She is also the woman who was active for a woman right to vote. They were fantastically influential in the 19th Amendment.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton was an important element of the Women’s Rights Movement, but not many people know of her significance or contributions because she has been overshadowed by her long time associate and friend, Susan B. Anthony. However, I feel that she was a woman of great importance who was the driving force behind the 1848 Convention, played a leadership role in the women’s rights movement for the next fifty years, and in the words of Henry Thomas, “She was the architect and author of the movement’s most important strategies ad documents.”
Elizabeth Stanton was a social activist and was one of the originators of the women’s moment in the United States. Stanton was an Author of many books, she was also a wife and a mother 7 children . She campaigning for women 's right with an emphasis on women 's rights to vote. In this paper I will walk through some of Stanton’s major life events.
...ays, I hope that schools, teachers, as well as societies can do an action to stop this bullying. For some reason, our societies still cannot accept that boys still need attention, assistance, and empathy because they think that they are boys, and boys do not need something like that. As Pollack says that this will cause some destruction on some boys in their emotions expressions, academic and social performances, or even mentalities. Pollack has already brought this message to us, and it is time for us to make it right to our children’s future.
Of the 28 participants interviewed, nine reported making a medication error or experiencing a ‘near miss’ with particular focus on the level of supervision that was provided. A ‘near miss’ refers to a time when a student makes an error in the preparation of medication for a patient (Reid -Searl, 2010). The error had the potential to cause harm but no harm was initiated because it was corrected before administering it to the patient. Most of the participants who stated causing an actual error described receiving no supervision from a registered nurse at the time. One participant even stated that when realizing he made an error he went straight to the nurse to confess and she told him to not tell anyone and brush it under the rug. The results of the study suggest that errors are more likely to be made when required supervision levels are not provided by the registered nurse.
One of the greatest and oldest human mysteries on Earth is death, and the fate that lies beyond it. The curious minds of human beings constantly wonder about the events that occur after death. No person truly knows what happens after a person ceases to live in the world, except for the people themselves who have passed away. As a result, over the course of history, people of various backgrounds, ethnicities, and religions have speculated and believed in numerous different possibilities for the destiny that awaits them beyond the world of the living. The great ambiguity of the afterlife is extremely ancient that many different beliefs about it have been dated back to several centuries ago. These beliefs go as far back to the beliefs of Ancient Egyptians, which outline the journey that the dead travels to the land of Osiris; and the belief of Ancient Greeks that all souls eventually find themselves in Hades’ realm, the Underworld. Throughout history, views and beliefs from emerging religions continue to develop as the human conscience persists in finding answers to this ancient, unresolved mystery. Prime examples of the various and separate beliefs regarding death and the afterlife are found in the diverse faiths of Roman Catholicism, Islam, and Buddhism.
Agyemang, REO, and A While. "Medication errors: types, causes and impact on nursing practice." British Journal of Nursing (BJN) 19.6 (2010): 380-385. CINAHL Plus with Full Text. EBSCO. Web. 7 Mar. 2011.
Medication errors made by medical staff bring about consequences of epidemic proportions. Medical staff includes everyone from providers (medical doctors, nurse practitioners and physician assistants) to pharmacists to nurses (registered and practical). Medication errors account for almost 98,000 deaths in the United States yearly (Tzeng, Yin, & Schneider, 2013). This number only reflects the United States, a small percentage in actuality when looking at the whole world. Medical personnel must take responsibility for their actions and with this responsibility comes accountability in their duties of medication administration. Nurses play a major role in medication error prevention and education and this role distinguishes them as reporters of errors.
Social science is defined as “the scientific study of human society and social relationships”. (Oxford Dictionaries 2013a) It is important to understand that different people would interact differently, giving rise to different different culture, social norms, beliefs and religions. By improving our understanding and awareness, we would be able to treat patients more efficiently and effectively whilst respecting their culture and beliefs. There is an increasing number of diseases and societal problems such as addiction, obesity, violence and end-of-life care that cannot be addressed without taking into account the behavioural or social factors. (Mann 2012)
Tzeng, H., Yin, C., & Schneider, T. E. (2013). Medication Error-Related Issues In Nursing Practice. MEDSURG Nursing, 22(1), 13-50.
Social Sciences consist of different types of sciences that involve looking at relationships among society. Although some people often confuse
There is a very crucial point in the social sciences which make the events and phenomenons more clear. Therefore we as the students of these areas can have the chance seeing the backgrounds of what happens in the world and noumenon of the events. Another important aspect of social sciences is its holistic structure which interconnects different disciplines and they move together helping each other in the area. The purpose of the social sciences is to set up an available and strong method and thus to get the ability of reading the social world.
Science is never simply observing and gathering facts. It is analyzing the facts to find repeating patterns, to then formulate theories and reasons. For example, in biology, to study the growth of plants in different environments would require experiments and tests to collect specific data to prove a hypothesis and determine the variables that affect the outcome. In sociology, to study the rising foreclosure rate in a neighborhood would require a researcher to observe the everyday life of members, conduct large-scale surveys, process...