Investigation of the Cooling of a Liquid in Cups with Different Materials
Aim: To investigate how a liquid cools down in cups with different
materials.
Prediction: The factors which will affect the amount of heat loss are:
§ Material of the cup – Conduction
§ Colour – Radiation
§ Surface area of cup
§ Amount of water (surface area:volume ratio)
§ If the cup has a lid or not – Convection and Evaporation
§ Room temperature
§ Thickness of the cup
§ Temperature of the liquid
§ Air movements – Convection/Evaporation
I will be investigating the material of the cup. I experimented with
four cups. These are metal, polystyrene, ceramic and plastic cups. I
predict that the metal cup will cool down the quickest and the
polystyrene cup will cool down the slowest. I think the ceramic cup
will cool down second slowest and the plastic cup will cool second
fastest.
Reasons: I think that the metal cup will cool down the quickest
because metal is a good conductor. This will mean the metal will
conduct the heat from the water to the outside surface of the metal
and from that point the heat evaporates and goes into the air. I think
that the polystyrene cup will cool down the slowest because it has
pockets of air and air is a good insulator. This will mean that the
heat will stay in the cup and can only escape by rising to the surface
of the water using convection and then it goes by evaporating. I think
the ceramic cup will cool down second slowest because it has some air
particles in it but not as much as the polystyrene cup so it will cool
down a little faster than the polystyrene cup. I think the plastic cup
will cool down second fastest because plastic is a better conductor
than ceramic and polystyrene but not as good as metal.
[IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE][IMAGE]Diagram: Metal Cup
Thermodynamics is essentially how heat energy transfers from one substance to another. In “Joe Science vs. the Water Heater,” the temperature of water in a water heater must be found without measuring the water directly from the water heater. This problem was translated to the lab by providing heated water, fish bowl thermometers, styrofoam cups, and all other instruments found in the lab. The thermometer only reaches 45 degrees celsius; therefore, thermodynamic equations need to be applied in order to find the original temperature of the hot water. We also had access to deionized water that was approximately room temperature.
An Investigation Into How the Thickness of Insulation Affects the Time a Drink Takes to Cool Down
After the calorimeter constant is found we can move on to part two of the experiment, where we will test each of the four salts in the calorimeter to find out if the salt will be used for a hot or cold pack. Our goal is to first determine the q_dissolution and then to find the heat of dissolution. A -〖∆H〗_dissolution will be an exothermic reaction which indicates that the salt would go in a hot pack. While a 〖∆H〗_dissolution will be an endothermic which indicates that the salt would go in an ice pack.
The heat makes the molecules in the mixture expand and move slower than when they are in colder temperatures (source 1). The molecules are like people when it comes to how they react to heat and coldness. When the molecules are cold, they like to be very close to one another and the molecules move fast because they are “shivering” (source 2).This is just a one of many examples and comparisons that I am going make throughout this paper. Some of the examples will be very cheesy. I am going to give a warning. When the molecules are hot, they like to be far apart from one another (source 1). They even might start to sweat like humans, too. The molecules have some energy too, but the molecules just do not have as much energy when they are hot. They like to be lazy like many humans do in hot weather (source 1).
When there is a heat exchange between two objects, the object’s temperature will change. The rate at which this change will occur happens according to Newton’s Law of heating and cooling. This law states the rate of temperature change is directly proportional between the two objects. The data in this lab will exhibit that an object will stay in a state of temperature equilibrium, unless the object comes in contact with another object of a different temperature. Newton’s Law of Heat and Cooling can be understood by using this formula:
With knowledge of a pool boiling curve, it is possible to predict the amount of heat transfer induced by the boiling of a fluid. The level of heat transfer that can be obtained for engineering applications is highly dependent on the difference in temperature between the heating surface and the surrounding fluid. The shape of this curve is dependent on the shape of heating surface as well as the material properties of the heated surface and fluid. Both empirical constants and dimensionless numbers are used to form a boiling curve. Optimal operation conditions for an application can be predicted with the understanding of how different factors can shape the boiling curve [1].
water has had equal amounts of time for it to heat up, again I will
Figure 1: heat storage as latent heat for a solid-liquid phase change (Mehling & Cabeza, 2008)
Our product of interest we chose to market is Hydro Flasks, which is a stainless steel, vacuum insulated, double walled water bottle that is covered under lifetime warranty. This product will withstand consumer needs because not only do Hydro Flasks exceed the task of keeping beverages cold and or hot for 24 hours, but they provide customers the opportunity to do it in a fun and colorful way. Hydro Flasks come in fourteen different colors, while also varying in different sizes. Pricing on these water bottles range anywhere from $29.95- $59.95, which may also vary dependent on if you choose to customize it or even purchase different lids. Although Hydro Flasks are ranked on the pricier side, it is worth the risk in order to avoid lukewarm water. Hydro Flasks are a widely known brand, but rarely do you ever see commercials for it. This brand is mostly promoted by the consumers themselves, in a sense that everywhere you go someone is carrying around a Hydro Flask thus promoting product and making others aware of this widely known brand. Hydro Flasks can be found worldwide anywhere from Nordstrom, Hydro Flask website, Amazon,
Hypothesis- If we use the felt material to insulate the cup, then the hot beverage in the cup would stay warm longer than the others.
After the water, has been boiling for 10 minutes, and the temperature inside the test tube has been stable for 5 minutes, record the temperature and remove the thermometer.
The Effect of Temperature on an Increasing Volume of Water Aim: To be able to To observe the effect of temperature on an increasing volume of water. Apparatus:. * Stopwatch * Thermometer * Beaker * Bunsen Burner Method: The.. * Fill a Beaker with 50 cm3 of water Heat the water over a Bunsen flame for two minutes, using a stopwatch After two minutes, take the temperature of the water using a Thermometer * Repeat the experiment using an extra 25 cm3 of water Before we began the experiment, we used a trial method to determine the results. how long should we heat the water? heating 50cm3 of water first for 1? minute, then 1 minute, 30, and finally 2 minutes.
- After each trial, leave equipment for 2 minutes to cool. After this when moving hot test tubes and beakers, use the heat proof gloves provided to prevent burning skin