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An essay on HIV/AIDS history
An essay on HIV/AIDS history
PREVENTION OF SPREAD OF HIV/AIDS
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AIDS
“ AIDS is actually the final stage... of infection with what we know as the AIDS
virus” (Langone 8). “ AIDS is... also accepted as a syndrome, a collection of specific, life-
threatening... infections and symptoms that is the result of an underlying immune
deficiency - a deficiency not caused by any known conditions and illnesses other than
infection with the AIDS virus” (8).
There is one main explanation of how AIDS started and came to America.
Scientists believe that when the Portuguese took Africans to Japan, the Africans got AIDS
from the monkeys (63). The monkeys would be in the trash, and when the people,
including the Africans, would chase the monkeys away, the monkeys would fight back
biting and scratching (63). That is how the Africans got AIDS, but scientists do not know
how AIDS got to Africa (63). Scientists do know how AIDS got to America. Haitian
laborers went to Africa and contracted the disease ( Hay 13-14). Then the laborers
returned to Haiti, and met homosexual men from the United States (13-14). The
homosexual men contracted AIDS from the Haitians and returned to the United States
where AIDS spread further (13-14).
When AIDS is in peoples bodies it does not mean people are infected with the
virus, but there is a 20-50 percent chance that the virus will infect the patient ( Langone
9). AIDS also has many symptoms that come with it, but there are also many medications
and therapies that help, but education is the most effective.
AIDS, a fatal disease caused by HIV, causes painful symptoms that can be treated
with medications and therapies but can not be cured.HIV causes AIDS by HIV infection,
dysfunction, and the ultimate destruction of the cells that present the intracellular microbes
that cause infection to the CD4 and CD8 cells ( Caulfield and Goldberg 95 ). People can
contract AIDS many different ways such as: through sex, sex with the same sex, and
p.2
sharing needles.
Drug users that are infected are the greatest single threat to potentially spread the
infection of HIV (Quackenbush and Nelson ). “IV (intraveneous) drug use is the second
largest transmission category for AIDS in the United States, representing a consistent 17
percent of the diagnosed cases nationally” (275).
...cused of being patient zero and the one who purposely and knowingly infected as many as 250 men a year on both sides of the Atlantic was nothing but one of the many wrong hypotheses made in this process of finding the origin of the HIV/AIDS virus. The fact that he had single handedly started the epidemic, today is largely discredited by most scientists. With time computer models estimated that the first human infection occurred around 1930, give or take 20 years. The earliest known infection of an identified human dates back to 1959 which was found in a plasma sample taken from an adult male living in the Belgian Congo. Many assumptions and hypotheses were made and a human eating a chimp seems to be the likeliest form the infection occurred.
Human immunodeficiency virus infection / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a disease of the human immune system transmitted between people by the mixing of bodily fluids. It is an extremely deadly disease that has killed over thirty-six mi...
Access to the bloodstream of another person (e.g. sharing of needles or paraphernalia during IV drug use, direct or indirect contat with contaminated items, exposure of high concentration of body fluids for healthcare workers, etc.)
2) Moore, J. (2004). The puzzling origins of AIDS: Although no one explanation has been universally accepted, four rival theories provide some important lesson. American Scientist, 92(6), 540-547. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.proxy.lib.sfu.ca/stable/27858482
The AIDS virus was a major turning point in world history. Contrary to popular belief, if a person gives blood to or recieves blood from a hospital or blood bank that person will not risk transmitting HIV, a.k.a. human immunodeficiency virus and that person does not risk transmitting AIDS, a.k.a. acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In addition, “It is now generally accepted that HIV is a descendent of a Simian Immunodeficiency Virus because certain strains of SIVs bear a very close resemblance to HIV-1 and HIV-2, the two types of HIV” (AIDS Doctors).
Even though AIDS is heavily researched, its origin still remains a partial mystery. It is know that HIV is a zoonosis, a human disease acquired from animals. The virus evolved from a Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV): a type of slow virus found naturally in monkeys and apes which, while not harming the host, produces diseases in other primates (Caldwell 97).
If one compares the epidemiology and social impact of these diseases they prove to be quite similar. The current AIDS epidemic has the potential to be the most dangerous and destructive plague of the millennium. No one knows exactly how the AIDS virus erupted. However, one presently dominant theory states that AIDS originated from monkeys in Africa
In the early 1980s, AIDS was first discovered, but the doctors and scientists at the time did not know how it was being spread. Multiple cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi’s syndrome were being diagnosed in gay men who were immunodeficient, meaning they couldn’t fight off a simple infection. The disease then quickly spread to drug users and hemophiliacs (“Natural History of HIV/AIDS”). Many possible causes were considered, but none of them were correct. The sexually transmitted disease HIV was soon discovered to be the cause of AIDS, but even then, people were mistaken by how AIDS was truly spread. A doctor at Elmhurst General Hospital in New York City in 1985 believed AIDS could be spread by a few
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an enveloped retrovirus. It affects the immune system and the body loses its ability to fight diseases. It is mainly transferred by sexual contact. However, it can also be transmitted by contact with body fluid like blood, breast milk and so on (CDC, 2016). A patient is said to have AIDS when he/her suffer from many opportunistic infections (CDC, 2016).
It has always been believed that some diseases and viruses were transferred from animals into the worlds population, but some conspiracies say otherwise. AIDs has always been a huge virus that millions of people have suffered from since it came about in 1979(Guyatt). HIV is passed from one person to another by blood-to-blood or through sexual contact. Once the virus spreads, it turns into AIDS, which then attacks your immune system. A conspiracy dating back to the 1980s states that HIV/AIDS was created by the CIA with statistics and proof of experimentation backing up the theory.
HIV, like many other STD's is transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse. However, it can also be transmitted by infected "blood transfusions", an infected mother to fetus, and sharing infected needles as well as breast milk (2009, NIAID). The reason it is really unlikely that a person should contract this virus by skin contact, is because the way HIV invades a person's system (2009, NIAID). The virus itself has special markers on its plasma membrane called "CD Markers" that locate specific cells within a person's body that target specific cells such as helper-T Cells and Microphages (2012, Phelan). The HIV virus cannot invade cells that it cannot latch on to, so a handshake with a person who has HIV will not transfer the disease because skin cells do not have the appropriate receptors that the virus can attack. When the HIV cells find the specific cell it targets, they attach themselves to its surface and then releases its DNA proteins into the cell. The virus's DNA then take over the host cell's DNA and commands it to create copies of the HIV virus. The cell produces viral RNA which creates viral proteins that migrate to the cell edge and form an undeveloped HIV virus which then is expelled from the cell and matures into a new copy of the HIV virus.
Infection with HIV does not necessarily mean that a person has AIDS, although people who are HIV-positive are often mistakenly said to have AIDS. In fact, a person can remain HIV-positive for more than ten years without developing any of the clinical illnesses that define and constitute a diagnosis of AIDS. In 1997 an estimated 30.6 million people worldwide were living with HIV or AIDS—29.5 million adults and 1.1 million children. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that between 1981, when the first AIDS cases were reported, and the end of 1997...
Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a disease (lentivirus) of the immune system caused by infection with human immunodeficiency virus. It is characterized by a short period of flu-like symptoms followed by a long period of little to no symptoms. As HIV progresses further eventually into AIDS, one’s chances of getting opportunistic infections and tumours that would not normally affect someone with a normally working immune system.
There are three stages of severity when a patient contract AIDS. “During the first stage, the individual experiences general flu-like symptoms but remains relatively healthy while the immune system are fighting back”(Bruno 3). Often times, patients have no idea that they are even infected into the AIDS stage of HIV. The beginning symptoms are so similar to the common cold that it is hard to distinguish what is wrong with the
Most people recently infected by the AIDS virus look and feel healthy. They may not show symptoms for several years, but the condition is eventually fatal. Even though one might not know that they have this deathly disease, and remain apparently healthy, they can still pass it along to others, and they then pass it on to others, etc, until an abundant amount of people are infected. Symptoms may include fever, fatigue, weight loss, skin rashes, a fungal infection of the mouth known as thrush, lack of resistance to infection, and swollen lymph nodes. HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, is transmitted through blood, semen, and vaginal fluid. The virus is usually transferred through sexual intercourse, the transfusion of virus-contaminated blood, or the sharing of HIV-contaminated intravenous needles. HIV cannot penetrate intact bodily surfaces, such as skin, and quickly perishes outside the human body. Consequently, AIDS is not spread by casual physical contact.