The Effect of Exercise on Pulse Rate
- Length: 728 words (2.1 double-spaced pages)
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Hypothesis
During a period of exercise pulse rate will increase. Plan I will need only a stopwatch and no other apparatus for my experiment. I will rest for five minutes and then take my resting pulse rate and record it. I will rest to make sure that it is fair and that my pulse has not been raised by anything. I will then do step up exercises for five minutes on a 10cm step and rest for five minutes after that. I will take my pulse every minute during the exercise and every minute for five minutes afterwards to find my recovery rate. To make the test safe I will make sure that I drink plenty of water and wear trainers to protect my ankles from injury. The variables which I will keep the same to make it a fair test are the period of time for which I exercise and when I take my pulse rate. My independent variable will be the time for which I exercise and my dependant variable will be my pulse rate. I will repeat the experiment three times to get an accurate result. I will measure my pulse in beats per minute (bpm) and the time in minutes (min). I predict that my pulse rate and rate of respiration will increase as a result of exercise. I think that there will be a gradual increase to begin with, but as the body has to work harder I think that the heart will then increase at a faster rate. When the exercise is complete I think that the heart rate will gradually decrease back to the resting pulse rate. I predict this because the supply of Oxygen to the muscles will decrease which will push the pulse rate up. I also think that a lot of energy will be used up as the exercise takes place, resulting in a further increase. If the body is unable to continue aerobic respiration anaerobic respiration will take place. This results in lactic acid being formed. 
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"The Effect of Exercise on Pulse Rate." 123HelpMe.com. 25 Apr 2018 <http://www.123HelpMe.com/view.asp?id=120950>.
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Finally, the carbon dioxide levels would
also rise which would also contribute to the heart rate rising. [IMAGE] Results Time (min) Pulse Rate (bpm) 1st repetition 2nd repetition 3rd repetition Average 0 65 65 64 65 1 69 68 70 69 2 100 96 92 96 3 116 120 123 120 4 139 143 141 141 5 142 149 147 146 6 117 119 123 120 7 79 100 84 88 8 70 84 68 74 9 66 74 64 68 10 64 64 64 64 [IMAGE] Conclusion My graph shows that the heart rate did not increase a huge amount for the first minute but then increased very steeply for most of the rest of the exercise. However, during the final minute of exercise the heart rate does not increase much at all. This happened because the supply of Oxygen to the muscles decreased, a lot of energy will be used up as the exercise took place, the body was unable to continue aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration took place. This resulted in lactic acid being formed. Finally, the carbon dioxidelevels also rose which also contributed to the pulse rate rising. Whilst I was exercising my pulse increased because cell respiration in muscles increased, so the level of carbon dioxide in my blood rose. My brain detects this so sent a signal to my lungs to breathe faster and deeper. This causes an increase in gas exchange, with Haemoglobin transporting the Oxygen to the muscles. The brain also sends a signal to the heart to beat faster causing an increase in pulse rate and venous return. This caused my muscles to squeeze on my veins sending more blood back to the heart making my stroke volume rise. So cardiac output rises to as heart rate x stroke volume = cardiac output. This means that more oxygen reaches the muscles and more carbon dioxide is carried away. When I finished exercising, the graph tells us that during the next two minutes the heart rate falls very dramatically however it does not return immediately to the resting pulse rate. This is because during the exercise anaerobic respiration begins to take place therefore the body has to pay back that oxygen when it is resting due to oxygen debt. Therefore, when the exercise is complete the body's heart rate does not immediately return to the normal resting pulse rate. This is because of the pay back the body has to complete first. Two minutes after the exercise is complete the decrease rate then begins to gradually fall as the pay back becomes complete. Evaluation I think that my results where quite accurate but I am not sure that my experiment was as I tired towards the end and the rate of exercise decreased slightly. This should not effect the results though as I kept going at quite a steady pace. If I did this experiment again I would use a pulse meter which would have helped the experiment to be more accurate. This would be able to produce a more accurate pulse rate. Also I could have used a piece of equipment for example a treadmill as this would make the results more accurate because I would be able to maintain a constant rate of exercise throughout this experiment. Another useful test I could have used is the maximum oxygen uptake or VO2 Max; this measures the ability of the heart, lungs, blood and blood vessels to transport oxygen to the muscles. I could not use this test though as specialist equipment is required to measure expired oxygen. |
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