Introduction Variable Costing Method:
Method of variable costing is a method where costing can be discovered including the variable manufacturing costs. Fixed factory visual projection is delighted as a period cost-it is abstracted along with the selling and administrative expenses in the period deserved. That is,
Fixed factory visual projection is taking care as a period expense.
Uses of Variable Costing Method:
Variable costing method is used only for internal management. Uses of variable costing method include:
* Inventory estimation and revenue determination;
* Break-even investigation and Cost-Volume-Profit investigation;
* Appropriate cost analysis; and
* Short-term decision-making.
Variable costing method is, however, not suitable for external coverage or income tax coverage. Companies that use variable costing method for internal coverage must convert into absorption costing for external coverage. Under absorption costing, the cost to be recorded includi...
Activity-based costing (ABC) is a costing method that is usually used as a supplement to a company’s usual costing system, and is therefore used for internal decision-making. It is designed to inform managers of costing information for decisions (strategic and others) that potentially affect capacity and consequently “fixed” as well as variable costs. In addition, ABC can also be used to pinpoint activities that would benefit from process improvements.
1) Total Variable Costs are 60% of Total Costs; While the other 40% are from fixed costs.
The Real Cost: Contract is a commercial that was released October 31, 2014 across multi-wide media, TV, Radio, Print, and digital causes a bright side of controversy for teens who were expected to be in use of Tobacco. The commercial shows a list of scenes in an average teen life while also the slow effects of losing free time and your own time with the use of cigarettes. It’s not the typical anti-smoking commercial because instead of just saying don’t smoke its digs in the feel of teen emotion towards how they chose to live there life and what decisions that are willing to make. The commercial features a teenage girl narrating normal events in her lifestyle talking in a way she’s stepping up in her life to find herself when initially
Variable costs: “Variable costs are costs that vary with the volume of activity”2 and they are: direct labor, Materials, Material spoilage & direct department expenses.
Direct fixed costs result from any resource in the practice that is specifically involved in the delivery of the service, but the cost that is not directly related with volume of service delivered. With the pharmacy division of CVS focusing on prescriptions, the most substantial direct fixed cost of dispensing a prescription is personnel cost, especially the cost of the pharmacist. This typically represents about 50% of the cost of dispensing a prescription. Since the pharmacy staff that is scheduled to work on a particular day, this causes the cost of the practice to remain the same regardless of whether an additional prescription is dispensed that day. Their wages and benefits are also considered fixed costs for the corporation.
Budgeting Assignment A company's budget serves as a guideline in planning and committing costs in order to meet tactical and strategic goals. Tactical goals such as providing budgetary costs for daily operations, and strategic objectives that include R&D, production, marketing, and distribution are all part of the budgeting process. Serving as a guideline rather than being set in stone, the budget is a snapshot of a manager's "best thinking at the time it is prepared." (Marshall, 2003, p.496)
If done right, I believe that all of the costs can be allocated to each of the three products through both direct and overhead costs. The only direct costs that are being included currently are labor and manufacturing costs. I broke up overhead into overhead based off direct labor and overhead based on units sold.
Process costing System is an accounting expression which describes one method to determine the manufacturing costs to the units manufactured . Processing is typically used when similar units are mass produced. Also process costing system is a type of accounting process costing which is used to determine the cost of a produced inventory. Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) defines process costing as " The costing method applicable where goods or services result from a sequence of continuous or repetitive operations or processes. Costs are average over the units produced during the period, being initially charged to the operation or process "( College Accounting Coach, 2007). Process costing is more important and appropriate for all businesses producing identical products during which production is an ongoing flow. Toyota is on the of the major companies in the world that used well-known new philosophic management to produce identical products using process costing system.
The contained paper has been prepared with objectives of elaborating over the three different costing methods namely, Absorption/Full Costing, Variable/Marginal Costing, and Activity Based accounting. The first segment of the report seeks to define and illustrate the costing methods based on the personal understanding of the writer gained through the class room and the academic readings. Part two of the report takes a form of short essay, written critically to evaluate the application of standard costing and variance analysis to any size of business, and concludes with a verdict that whether or not standard costing and variance analysis is applicable to each business with consideration of its costs and benefits of the system.
Project managers must take cost estimates seriously if they want to complete software projects within budget constraints. After developing a good resource requirements list, project managers and their software development teams must develop several estimates of the costs for these resources. There are several different tools and techniques available for accomplishing good cost estimation.
Cost allocation is the process of identifying, aggregating, and assigning of cost to various separate activities. There is no overly precise method of charging cost to objects, hence resulting to approximate methods being used to do so. Amongst the approximation basis used includes square footage, headcount, cost of assets employed, and electricity usage amongst others. The main aim of cost allocation is to spread cost in the fairest possible method and also to impact the behavior pattern of the cost.
g is an important tool that can help management in making informed decision. Though it is not legally required but still it is necessary to run an entity effectively. Cost accounting is turned toward the future. There are different methods of costing in Cost Accounting: Absorption costing and Variable costing. Both have some merits over the other.
Others feel that ABC would be more widespread in industry if it were marketed better by the cost accounting profession itself [1]. As the dust has settled, ABC has turned out to be less a revolutionary technique than a useful refinement to proven systems. The costs of products and services must be accurate, or management can be misled. Decisions... ...
Accurately forecasting the cost of projects is vital to the survival of any business or organization. Cost estimators develop the cost information that business owners or managers, professional design team members, and construction contractors need to make budgetary and feasibility determinations. From an Owner's perspective the cost estimate may be used to determine the project scope or whether the project should proceed. According to the U.S. Department of Labor there were about 198,000 cost estimators in 1994. That of which 58% work in the construction industry, 17% employed in manufacturing industries, and the remaining 25% elsewhere. From this we could conclude that a great deal of cost estimation lies in the construction industry, where multi-million dollar contracts are formed after a thorough cost estimation.
Activity-based costing (ABC) is a costing method that is designed to provide managers with cost information for strategic and other decisions that potentially affect capacity and therefore “fixed” as well as variable costs. Activity-based costing is mostly used for internal decision making and managing activities while traditional costing method is used to provide data for external financial reports. Most organization uses activity-based costing as an addition system for using traditional absorption costing as sometimes the traditional cost system misleads the product’s profitability. In a company, there are many products on sale, if one product is sold at a high price with low product margin and a product with high product margin at a low price, it may result in a loss. In addition, due to the reason that cost drivers and enterprises business may change, activity-based costing analysis also needs to be revised periodically. This amendment should be prompted to change pricing, product, customer focus and market share strategy to improve corporate profitability.