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brief note on kashmir
brief note on kashmir
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Kashmir, a magnificent vale with towering mountains, gushing rivers, dense forests coupled with sparkling green fields perhaps has only its fate to mourn.
The issue of accession of the state of Jammu & Kashmir is not merely a question of controlling a piece of land over which two countries have a quarrel but Kashmir has gone through different phases since the splitting of former Hindustan in addition to emergence of two separate states of India and Pakistan.
For the students of political history especially if they are interested in the chapter of South-Asian conflicts the topic concerning Jammu & Kashmir still has mysteries to solve, its question still haunts world leaders; its solution still remains rocket science for the ambassadors to solve and the only dispute which can provide the fatal spark to the nuclear blast.
History has many facts hidden in its veil. To uncover them; we have to travel through the times when this issue had its birth i.e. mid of August 1947.
It is of utmost importance to mention here that the question was put forward to Jinnah why Pakistan is so keen to accept a communally divided and geographically far Junagadh. QUAID-e-AZAM had surely future scenes in his eyes that this accession can be turned to his advantage. If a ruler can take his Hindu majority and geography not withstanding state, to Pakistan, same formulae could be applied to Hyderabad. If India decided to go for plebiscite then Pakistan can ask to apply it to J&K which according to Karachi’s estimation, will fall in Pakistan’s pocket.1 Ultimately India forcefully annexed Junagadh and Hyderabad acceded to India due to a military operation on the very next day, Jinnah breathed his last.
But Kashmir would not be a roller coaster ride ...
... middle of paper ...
...s once again given Pakistan a golden chance to strike and solve this issue once and for all. Sharm-el-Sheikh meeting has made it evident to Indians that Pakistan stands firmly behind Kashmiri people. This is no time to quarrel about the past follies. Instead of depending on others Pakistan should closely analyze APHC leader Ali Gillian’s advice to present this issue by close discussions with Muslim world in the Security Council and no doubt China will not hesitate to support the issue.
Time has taught everyone bitter lessons.
Only the wise ones have learnt lessons from them and the irresponsible ones have been the victim of self-destruction. It’s up to us now to grab the chance of a lifetime and strike gold when it really matters.
Remember! Bullet has no eyes, missiles have no identities and wars have no winners.
That’s good for us and the ones to follow!
The many factors that lead to the escalation of conflict, and ultimately to the brutal violence, and mass displacement in 1947, were hard for me to wrap my head around. I realized that the partition of India...
During the Cold War, many regional conflicts occurred and were noted as the significant battles which later led to decolonization. One of the regional conflicts were India and Pakistan fighting for their independence. In 1947, India was released under Great Britain’s control and gained its independence. However, the country was divided between Muslims and Hindus, which share different religions. Muslims wanted church and state to become unified while Hindus wanted a separation of these two establishments. Since these two ethnic groups disagreed, it was difficult to create a new government. Therefore, India was divided into two nations: India for the Hindus and Pakistan for the Muslims. Hindus and Muslims were racing to the border in order to get to their nation state which led to killing 500,000 people due to rioting. Although, Mohandas Gandhi, an Indian National Congressman, wanted to obtain peace between these two religions. Pakistan refused the H...
Howenstein, Nicholas. "Review Essay Of Ayesha Jalal, Partisans Of Allah: Jihad In South Asia And Praveen Swami, India, Pakistan And The Secret Jihad: The Covert War In Kashmir, 1947-2004." India Review 8.4 (2009): 446-456. Academic Search Complete. Web. 7 May 2014.
The political history of South India intertwines at odd ends with the one of the North. In 1944, North India transited from the Quit India movement to the Gandhi-Jinnah talks on Pakistan. South India on the other hand raged with a ‘quit India’ movement of its own. The emergence of anti-Hindi, anti-North sentiments ruled the roster and virtually paralleled the anti-British notions. Leading the front was the Dravida Kazhagam (DK) (Dravidian Federation), a metamorphosis of the Justice Party under E V Ramasamy Naicker. (Hardgrave Jr, 1965)
Syed Mansoor Hussain is a columnist in “Daily Times”, a Pakistani newspaper. He has practiced and taught medicine in the US. This article, “Proud to be a Punjabi” was published in the Daily Times on the fifth of February, 2014. In the article, the author has described the role and significance of Punjab in the history of Pakistan. In addition to this, he has tried to prove that Punjab is not responsible for everything bad happening in the other provinces. The author has described the role of Punjab before and after independence in the Pakistani politics. The author also says that whatever happens in other provinces, Punjab and Punjabis are held responsible for it. In the end, the author has highlighted a few cultural aspects of Punjab.
For any country, in the way of development, needs cordial relations with its neighbors in political, social and global issues to create a healthy environment for development. Pakistan, one of the most important neighbor of India was once homogeneous political unit with India before independence and the struggle for freedom was fought collectively. India’s relations with Pakistan are the most complex of its ties with its neighbors and can be understand by following historical events :
In late 1947, the newly created states of India and Pakistan went to war over the valley of Kashmir. A United Nations brokered ceasefire divided the state into Indian and Pakistani controlled territories, and resolved that a referendum would be held in which the people of Kashmir would be able to choose to join either country. The referendum has not been held to this day. India granted its portion of Kashmir a special status within its constitution, allowing for a great degree of self-autonomy. However, successive Kashmiri governments have been dissolved by the government of India, and elections have only been held in the presence of its armed forces. In 1965, Pakistan and India waged a second indecisive war over Kashmir. In the 1980s, resistance within Kashmir itself against the Indian government took on a violent nature, with guerilla attacks against Indian army bases. India responded with heavy army clampdowns, and since then the situation has only escalated and get worse. It is estimated that well over 34,000 people have died within the valley, and the relations between the two countries have become increasingly acrimonious. India blames Pakistan for the militant uprising, claiming Islamabad is supporting cross border terrorism. Pakistan responds that it merely provides diplomatic and moral support arguing, furthermore, that India’s history of human rights abuses in the valley is to blame. With both countries now in possession of nuclear arms; the recent war in KARGIL and the increasing number of civilian deaths, refugees, and other human rights issues within Kashmir, the conflict seems to be taking on a more serious nature. In this paper I will discuss the Kashmir conflict in some depth, examining the problem in...
After its “raj” for three centuries (1757-1947), in 1947, the British power was “transferred” to the two dominions, India and Pakistan. The former land was as the successor state of British India and Pakistan a second successor state. The price of the independence was the partition of continental India on the idea of communal majority principle of the “two-nation” theory theorized by the Muslim League. The partition of British India was a turning point because it left many questions unanswered and many conflicts unresolved. One question left elusive was, “Why did indepen...
Wirsing, Robert. India, Pakistan, and the Kashmir Dispute: on Regional Conflict and its Resolution. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1994. Print.
The most threatening conflict between Hindus and Muslims is the province of Kashmir. This is where the decision to divide India into India and Pakistan seems to have been a terrible mistake. Kashmir, which is the only Muslim majority city in India, lies between the divided India and Pakistan. After India’s independence in the 1940’s, Kashmir had to choose to either unite with India or Pakistan. The Prince of Kashmir chose India but Pakistan invaded the province soon after and have occupied part of Kashmir since then. Controversy still surrounds the province today because naturally, Muslims want to control it. While many Muslims relocated to Pakistan and the Hindus to India, half of the Muslim population was left in India and their relations did not improve after being partially separated.
Athwass in its spirit and essence mirrors the ethos of Kashmir, which, for centuries, has represented peace, nonviolence and brotherhood of man (Kaul, 2012). Since 1989, the low-intensity conflict in Jammu and Kashmir has been the most important issue in India's internal security scenario. Possession of the State of Kashmir has been an issue of dispute since 1947 starting with India and Pakistan. After tw...
Lawrence Auster wrote an eye-opening blog excerpt titled India and Pakistan: Why the Mass Killing Occurred. The content of this excerpt explore the fundamental issues of identity and religion that led to the violence in 1947. The author makes his point by utilizing current event such as the train massacre in 2002, in which 50 Hindu women and children were burned alive. The blog is for an audience with some prior knowledge on the topic and continues to expand upon that knowledge. The blog is a secondary source because it introduces its own unique ideas regarding the issue and was written after the time of the event. It was very helpful to my research because it simplifies the wordy information often found on scholarly sites and condenses it into something comprehensible and relatable to the reader.
“India and Pakistan: Tense Neighbours.” BBC. N.p., 16 Dec. 2001. Web. 15 May 2011. .
...he two sides and a plan was made to partition the subcontinent and hand the power over to two successor states on August 15, 1947 (5).
In his book “India and Pakistan – Continued Conflict and Cooperation?”, Wolpert gives his latest analysis by briefly tracing the history of the conflict and by emphasizing on the issue of Kashmir for which, after more than six decades, there is no solution in sight. He also mentions the various national and international initiatives to solve this conflict and explains why these initiatives have always failed. The most realistic and pragmatic solution to the problem, according to Wolpert, is for Pakistan and India to agree on the current Line of Control (LoC) in Kashmir as International border, because he believes that no attempt to hand over