Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Indian Agriculture

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Constraints in effective transfer of technology to farmers among other factors are believed to be responsible for the stagnation in growth in agriculture. It is reported that only 40 per cent of farmers access information about agricultural techniques, inputs and market (NSSO, 2005). The rich and the literate farmers have better access to information. Majority of the small and marginal farmers receive information either from fellow farmers, relatives, or traders and only 5.7 per cent receive information from extension agencies.
The advances in the information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the recent past have changed the way we communicate with each other and they have revolutionized the way we live. Their application in agriculture until recently was limited to the use of radio and television and later extended to include interactions through audio and videoconferences. These efforts however, were not successful due to a variety of reasons including absence of trained manpower and the lack of investments in creating the infrastructure.
However, the introduction and the popularity of mobile phones amongst the masses have brought about a major transformation in the society. The increase in mobile phone connections in India from 95 million in 2000 to over 900 million as on March, 2012 is phenomenal (TRAI, 2012). This phenomenal penetration and ownership of mobiles by the rural community, to a great extent, has addressed one of the major issues facing the extension agencies as to how to reach the unreached. Several agencies and organizations have started using this communication channel to connect with the farmers. Some of the major initiatives are; IFFCO Kisan Sanchar Nigam Ltd (IKSL), Nokia Life Tools and mKRISHI by Tata Consultancy Services. These initiatives have been reviewed and commented upon by Mittal et al (2010) and IFPRI (2012). All these initiatives are by for- profit organizations and none is from the public organization. In this paper, we discuss about a platform developed under a project funded by the ICAR, and its application under a pilot study carried out in the district of Mahabubnagar in Andhra Pradesh involving over 500 farmers.

Methodology
The study area
The study was undertaken in Mahabubnagar district of Andhra Pradesh by adopting Ex-post facto research design. Kothakota, Dharoor, Pebbair, C.C.Kunta mandals were selected purposively where the farmers were receiving the voice and text messages from krishi vigyan Kendra. The Krishi Vigyan Kendras (Farm Science Centers) were involved in developing relevant and crop-specific advisories and sending them on farmer’s mobile phones.

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