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Reflection Paper on History of Christianity in India
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What is God's role in the universe? This question has been on the tip os scholar's tongue and deep in the ind of man since time's beginning. during the eighteenth century, modern expansions swapped this accepted wisdom into, "Could God be the universe?" From this perspective, both Unitarianism and trandentalism arose during the Second Great Awakening. While both movements are reasoned reactions to the spiritual revival, Unitarianism judges the world more on logic, and transcendtalists are much more free-spirited.
Not everyone was charmed by Charles Findlay in the Second Great Awakening. However, all of society was touched by him. In Boston, Massachusetts, a philosophy of logic and current thinking was born. Both Unitarianism and transcendentalism are impacted by Indian religion. Like the hindus, they see God as both benevolent and contnuously atoning all of man's sins. Jesus Christ is an example for all men to pursue. He is not part of some divine trinity, but instead, an incredible example of humanity. However, some Unitarianism and transcendentalism's fundamental doct...
In the 1730s, a movement of religious revival swept the American Colonies, the Great Awakening. The Great Awakening and its effect on early settlers in the Northeast impacted not only their religious and political lives, but also was a contributor to the successful settling of a rigorous terrain. The movement’s emphasis on spiritual equality changed not only religious practices, but the views of the citizens of a young country; both the free and the enslaved, and influenced the characteristics that would form the identity of this nation.
The Pilgrims were also eager to experience new religious freedom from the state-ran church of Great Britain. This helped them build vibrant faithful communities in the New World. However, many individuals came to work not for God and were not all believers. After the establishment of the Church of England, other religions were inhibited. Everyone was expected to follow one religion and to believe in one religion. This led to a sense of stability from a political perspective because everyone practiced the same religion. However, instead of being a positive force for religious belief, it created spiritual dryness among believers. Individuals weren’t feeling anything spiritual or divine and it created a lack of relationships with individuals and their religion. The First Great Awakening arose at a time when people in the colonies were questioning the role of the individual in religion and society. It began at the same time as the Enlightenment, an insight that emphasized logic and reason and stressed the power of the individual to understand the universe based on scientific laws. Similarly, the Great Awakening had influenced individuals to rely more on a personal approach to redemption than the church and doctrine. There was national hunger for spiritual freedom and had wise and moral leadership. These convictions led to a spiritual revival in the colonies known as the Great Awakening. However, little did the colonists know that this spiritual movement would aid in their separation form Britain and lead to independence in the long
Transcendentalists Thoreau and Emerson conveyed strong, specific viewpoints on the world through their writing. The transcendentalist ideals differ vastly with the lives lived by most of the modern world today. Firstly, the two differ on views of self-reliance. Secondly, they have different outlooks on the government and organized groups. Lastly, transcendentalist and modern American views vary by the way they view nature. These differences between transcendentalism and life today are essential in understanding life then, as well as life now.
George Whitefield is often mentioned as a great religious figure and the founder of Methodism. This was because of his preaching in early America during “The Great Awakening, which was an 18th century movement of Christian revivals. As a great religious figure, he had the desire to do as much good as he could in the world and to bring as many souls as possible into the Redeemer’s Kingdom. He was a successful preacher because of the way he treated others and how he was devoted to preaching.
Religious conscience in America has evolved considerably since the first settlers emigrated here from Europe. Primary settlements were established by Puritans and Pilgrims who believed "their errand into the wilderness [America] was above all else a religious errand, and all institutions - town meeting, school, church, family, law-must faithfully reflect that fact" (Gaustad 61). However, as colonies grew, dissenters emerged to challenge Puritan authority; indeed, many of them left the church to join untraditional religious sects such as "the Ranters, the Seekers, the Quakers, the Antinomians, and the Familists" (Westbrook 26). Debates over softening the stance on tolerance in the church engendered hostility in many religious leaders, priming some officials to take action. Whether it was in direct response to "the liberalizing tendencies beginning to take hold in some [. . .] New England churches" (Westbrook 65), or a "reaction against the attempt in the Age of Reason to reduce Christian doctrine to rationalistic explanation" ("Great Awakening"), the Great Awakening impressed upon the issues of religious conscience. Moreover, what spawns from this controversy is a query over the juxtaposition of morality and spirituality: the question of whether these conditions are actually related. The gradual escalation of unconventional thinking in religious affairs facilitated new ideas on what defined spirituality; one religious theory, boosted by Thomas Paine and his book, The Age of Reason, denounced both Christianity and Atheism, proposing instead, a new concept: the middle path of Deism.
Brinkley’s section titled “Religion and Revivalism” discussed the effects the American Revolution had on religion, and how, within the beginning years of America, new religions began to emerge. “Deism” is the religion that Brinkley focused on first, and he described how Deism originally began “among Enlightened philosophers in France” and then spread to the “educated American [such] as Jefferson and Franklin” (pg 154). He also described how Deists did believe in a God; however, people considered Him “a remote ‘watchmaker’” who left humans to their own devises after the creation of the universe (pg 154). Because of the emergence of Deism, American society, however new, shifted due to the fact that the younger generations left the more traditional
The word Transcendentalism, as used at the present day, has two applications. One of which is popular and indefinite, the other, philosophical and precise. In the former sense it describes man, rather than opinions, since it is freely extended to those who hold opinions, not only diverse from each other, but directly opposed. (1)
These two groups merged in 1961 to form the current denomination known as Unitarian Universalism. Fashioned at a point in time where many sought alternatives to organized religion, Unitarian Universalism filled an important role for those who found traditional faith systems bound to outdated doctrines that ignored true spirituality, and which lacked an awareness of social issues. In order to understand the history of Unitarian Universalism, it is necessary to explore both halves of the formative
There are several aspects to consider when exploring the Christian worldview. There are many facets or denominations and they each have their own distinct beliefs and practices, but they all share the same fundamental beliefs. In this Paper we will explore the character of God, His creation, humanity and its nature, Jesus’ significance to the world, and the restoration of humanity, as well as my beliefs and the way that I interact with Christianity and my personal worldview.
“Transcendentalism, An American Philosophy.” U.S. History Online Textbook. Independence Hall Association, n.d. Web. 09 Apr. 2014.
In this way the religion practiced by the Native Americans was taken as contradictions to Christianity. The natives were informed that Christianity was designed to be an eternal rule of significance and a means from which they could use to return to God from their religions that had deviated (Eliot par. 3). Through sermons given by Whitfield, the minds of the natives were engaged in religion and making religion the subject of most of their discussions. They embraced all the opportunities to hear what was been taught on Christianity. The Christian revivals were attended by the young and old alike (Edwards par.
Both the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment had significant impacts on society in the 1700s and even had long-term effects that can be recognized today. The Great Awakening was a religious revival which emphasized every person’s potential to break away from their past and begin anew in their relationship with God. It was considered the first great American revival, and was the result of concerns about declining piety and growing secularism. The Enlightenment, conversely, focused on human rationality and science as methods of making decisions and coming to conclusions. It emphasized individualism rather than tradition. It celebrated reason and was the product of scientific and intellectual discoveries made in the seventeenth century. Additionally, contrary to popular belief, it can be attested that the Enlightenment’s influence on religion and the relationship between it and the Great Awakening were not entirely negative or conflicting. Both the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment helped to undermine the power of traditional authority.
Some people would argue that God is a being who watches over us, however other would argue that God manifests through nature, our surroundings, and us. Transcendentalism revolves around the idea that God is nature. It also supports the theory that God is all around us and inside of us and we should be self-reliant and strive for simplicity. These transcendentalist ideas and traditions were present in Their Eyes Were Watching God, by Zora Neale Hurston, as Janie experienced herself and the world around her head on over time.
I totally understand from reading and my research that these die-hard supporters of the First Great Awakening were trying to draw people out of the depressing tenets of Puritan religion. These preachers realized that people throughout the American colonies were in utter darkness believing that their good deeds and works would provide them an eternal life in Heaven. However; these great ministers wanted people throughout the colonies to understand and realize that the only way to have eternity in Heaven was through salvation in Jesus Christ. “The Great Awakening was said to be so effective because it sparked spiritual renewal by suggesting that redemption was available to everyone who would accept it, not just those that were the privileged ones in society.” It is good to see that these men totally understood the heartbeat of God; that the gospel is meant for all people. I also believe that the unity and shaping that came from the Great Awakening is what helped bring the American colonies together to fight and gain its freedom from England. These believers came to the New World seeking and desiring freedom from England and they gained it; while at the same time coming into a deeper relationship with Jesus
As the population of the colonies grew larger and more diverse, so did their ideas of religion and social dynamics. A new era of Enlightenment spread through the colonies, spreading a rational and scientific view of living, opposed to traditional religion and superstition. A wave of religious revivals swept through the colonies known as the Great Awakening. These passionate and dramatic revivals performed by James Whitefield and others led to religious dissension. Many ministers disagreed with the message, approach, and influence being spread by Whitefield and his New Light clergy members. Old Light ministers believed they were providing the lower class and minority groups the ability to critique the religious elite. In George Whitefield's, Marks of a True Conversion is an example of one of his powerful and intense