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Short case study on antisocial personality disorder
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Description
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5, American Psychiatric Association, 2013) defines personality disorders as a pattern of internal experience and behavior that greatly differs from what is normally expected in the person’s culture. They are also considered omnipresent and inflexible that is stable and causes both distress and impairment. Antisocial personality disorder is a severe disorder of personality. It is a disorder that helps compromise the dramatic, emotional, or erratic disorders, also known as the Cluster B disorders. The Cluster B disorders are also composed of borderline personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder, and histrionic personality disorder. The National Institute of Health (2012) stated that people suffering from antisocial personality disorder have a history of manipulation, exploitation, and violating of the rights of others. They describe symptoms of antisocial personality disorder as: possessing charm, readily able to manipulate other’s emotions, pattern of criminal behavior, disregard for the safety of self or others, problems with lying, stealing, and fighting, and lack of guilt (National Institute of Health, 2012). The DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) also stated that individuals with antisocial personality disorder may be irresponsible, which impedes on their ability to get or keep a job. They also cite lack of empathy, self-assured, aggressiveness, and high risk sexual and substance use as additional symptoms.
To demonstrate antisocial personality disorder, a case example from DSM-IV Case Studies: A Clinical Guide to Differential Diagnosis by Frances and Ross is presented (1996).
Mr. Y is a 26-year old man who is tr...
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...rlapping concepts, with blurred boundaries that have historically been interchangeable. The understanding of these three terms is vital in understanding the history of antisocial personality disorder.
Antisocial personality disorder is a mental disorder described in the DSM’s for clinicians to assign diagnoses. Psychopathy is more severe than antisocial personality disorder, and is not listed as a mental disorder in the DSM.
Preceding the DSM
Though the term “antisocial personality disorder”, was not coined until much later in history, the idea and diagnosis of a similar disorder goes back much farther than the first version of the DSM. J. C. Prichard is credited with the formation of the term moral insanity, which was defined as a mental derangement
DSM-I
The first version of the DSM was published in 1952 in order to standardize mental disorder diagnoses.
Torgersen, S. (2009). The nature (and nurture) of personality disorders. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 50(6), 624-632. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00788.x
For axis 2, antisocial personality disorder our notes say that no treatment for this disorder seems to be effective. Yet about 25 percent of all people with this disorder do receive treatment. One major problem is that individual’s lack of conscience or desire to change. Most have been mandated to treatment. Hospitals have attempted to create therapeutic communities even though most of today’s treatment approaches have little to no impact on the
Every few years there are disturbing, yet fascinating headlines: “BTK killer: Hiding in plain sight” or “Police discover at least 10 victims at Anthony Sowell's home”; but what would allow an individual to commit the crimes they did? In cases like these there is usually a common link: Antisocial Personality disorder. It is an unknown disorder to most of the population which is why there are so many questions to be answered, the main ones being what is antisocial personality disorder and how does it effect patient and society as a whole? To answer these questions one needs an accurate background picture of the disorder.
This paper will discuss the Cluster B personality disorder known as antisocial personality disorder. More specifically, it will attempt to explain various theories formulated about the difference in prevalence in male and female populations and why men are so much more likely to receive a diagnosis.
Ogloff, J. R. (2006). Psychopathy/antisocial personality disorder conundrum. The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists, (40), 519-528.
Personality disorders have always been viewed as a possible category for a psychological disorder. However, in the new edition of the DSM, it will be getting its own diagnostic category. In viewing personality disorder, one can only agree that it should have its own diagnostic category. The reason that these changes are being supported is because of the causation, diagnosis, and treatment of personality disorders.
First, Anti Social Personality Disorder is a mental condition that can cause a person to think and behave in a destructive manner. “Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is characterized by a pattern of socially irresponsible, exploitative, and guiltless behavior. ASPD is associated with co-occurring mental health and addictive disorders and medical comorbidity.” (Black, 2015) People with ASPD have a habit of antagonizing and manipulating others but also have no awareness for what is right and what is wrong. One tends to disregard the feelings and wishes of others. “ASPD typically begins during childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood.” (Kivi, 2012) ASPD usually is noticed around 8 years old, but it is categorized as a conduct disorder. Though children can be treated in what doctors may think is ASPD, children will not be completely diagnosed with the title of ASPD until at least 18 years of age. In time those with ASPD behavior usually end up turning criminal.
Antisocial personality disorder is a personality disorder marked by a general pattern of disregard for a violation of other people’s rights. Explanations of antisocial personality disorder come from the psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, and biological models. As with many other personality disorders, psychodynamic theorists propose that this disorder starts with an absence of parental love during infancy leading to a lack of basic trust. In this view, the children that develop this disorder respond to early inadequacies by becoming emotionally distant, and they bond with others through use of power and destructiveness. Behavioral theorists have suggested that antisocial symptoms may be learned through modeling, or imitation. As evidence, they point to the higher rate of antisocial personality disorder found among the parents of people with this disorder. Other behaviorists suggest that some parent’s unintentionally teach antisocial behavior by regularly awarding a child’s aggressive behavior. The cognitive view says that people with this disorder hold attitudes that trivialize the importance of other people’s needs. Cognitive theorists also believe that these people have a genuine difficulty recognizing a point of view other than their own. Finally studies show that biological factors may play an important role in developing antisocial disorder. Researchers have found that antisocial people, particularly those with high impulse and aggression, display lower serotonin activity and has been linked this same activity with other studies as well.
The first being antisocial personality, people with this disorder are not able to recognize right or wrong. Individuals with this disorder do not care for anyone and will do anything to reach their desired outcome. They feel no
Are psychopaths like Alice, “mad or bad?” (page 21). The question whether psychopaths are mentally ill or just a bad seed has caused much debate. Dr. Hare explains that the problem is not only labeling them mad or bad, but who deals with them. “Does the treatment or control of the psychopath rightly fall to mental health professionals or to the correctional system?” (page 21). Not only are professionals confused on how to classify psychopaths, but the media also creates confusion. Psychopath means mental illness and the media uses the word to classify someone as, “insane or crazy”, (page 22). Dr. Hare explains that even though psychopaths, “cannot be understood in terms of traditional views of mental illness”, they, “are not disoriented or out of touch with reality, nor do they experience the delusions, hallucinations, or intense subjective distress that characterize most other mental disorders…psychopaths are rational and aware of what they are doing and why.” (page 22). Most professionals use the term psychopath and sociopath as one in the same. Since DSM-III, antisocial personality disorder has been used in place of psychopath and sociopath. Philippe Pinel was the first psychiatrist describe a psychopath and Harvey Cleckley was one of the first successful publish a book describing a psychopath to the general public . Pinel used the term, “insanity without delirium”, (page 25). Cleckley wrote The Mask of Sanity, which influenced researchers in North America. Dr. Robert Hare explained that WWII was the first time clinicians felt a need to diagnosis people with psychopathy. Due to the draft, there was a need to weed out the people could disrupt or harm the military structure. Dr. Robert Hare realized how hard it was to identify a true psychopaths from rule breakers and developed the Psychopathy Checklist. This checklist is used world wide to help clinicians identify true
Under the Antisocial Personality Disorders (ASPD) in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), sociopathy and psychopathy were listed by the American Psychiatric Association in 2013.
Sociopathy is an informal term used to describe antisocial behavior. According to The Diagnostics and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), sociopathy is closely represented by Antisocial Personality Disorder. When the term “antisocial behavior” is used, it usually is not talking about someone who does not want to hang out with a friend or go somewhere with their family. It is associated with an individual who has no interest in having relationships with people. They can form
Simons, C. (2001). Antisocial personality disorder in serial killers: The thrill of the kill. The Justice Professional, 14(4), 345-356.
The term was introduced in attempt to operationalize psychopathy which was used in the 19th century. According to the National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, British Psychological Society, and Royal College of Psychiatrists (2010), Emil Kraepelin a German psychiatrist created the classification for personality disorders in 1905. In 1923, Kurt Schneider classified psychopathy as a personality disorder. In these times individuals with psychopathic personalities were those who had abnormalities and suffered from them (National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health et al., 2010). It wasn’t until 1939 that the foundation of the term antisocial personality disorder was defined by David Henderson a Scottish psychiatrist. National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health et al (2010) states that he defined it as “individuals with ‘psychopathic states’ as those who conform to a certain intellectual standard but who throughout their lives exhibit disorders of conduct of an antisocial or a social nature” (P. 15). The DSM-I classified this disorder as sociopathy but was then termed antisocial personality disorder in the DSM- II from 1968 and
Antisocial Personality Disorder, also informally known as psychopathy/sociopathy, is a disorder where people elicit manipulative behaviors and lack morals. This includes disregard for rules, violence, superficial charm, promiscuity, a superiority complex, and difficulty forming attachments. This is said to be caused by genetics as well as modeling, or watching other people perform this kind of behavior. 3.3% of Americans are diagnosed with Antisocial Personality disorder. It’s 70% more common in males than females and is seen greatly in