#6 Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or respond to insulin. Insulin is a hormone. When the body is unable to produce enough insulin or respond to insulin it results in the abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates and high glucose in the system. Insulin is required to convert sugar and carbohydrates into energy. There are two primary types of diabetes, type 1, for which the onset is date is generally in children, it is known as juvenile diabetes. In Type 1 diabetes the body does not manufacture insulin (American Diabetes Association, n.d.). The second type of diabetes is Type 2, for which the onset is generally in adults. A third type of diabetes is gestational diabetes, occurring in women while pregnant generally around the 24th week, in most cases women will be relieved the diabetic symptoms after birth. There are several comorbidities that are associated with diabetes, such as renal failure, glaucoma and other eye diseases, neuropathy, strokes, and high blood pressure. Diabetes is considered to be an expensive disease due to the associated comorbidities. Within the United States, there are over 25 million diabetics, that is over 8% of the population, however within the Asian Indian population type 2 diabetes estimates are between 17 to 29% (Mandeep Bajaj, 2013). As additional information, according to the New York Times article, The Global Diabetes Epidemic, diabetes is at epidemic proportions in India, China and other emerging economies. Indians are predisposed to diabetes, particularly when overweight (Lipska, 2015). Another risk to Indo Americans is that much of the food is carbohydrates, due to many Hindu Indians being vegetarian. In addition, there is also a significant portion of Indo Americans who hav... ... middle of paper ... ...imizing the number of carbohydrates becomes very challenging. Works Cited American Diabetes Association. (n.d.). Diabetes Basics. Retrieved December 9, 2015, from http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/?loc=db-slabnav Lipska, K. (2015, April 25). The Global Diabetes Epidemic. The New York Times. Retrieved December 10, 2015, from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/26/opinion/sunday/the-global-diabetes-epidemic.html?_r=0 Mandeep Bajaj, M. (2013, January 24). Diabetes in Asian Indians in the United States. Retrieved December 9, 2015, from indoamerican-news.com: http://www.indoamerican-news.com/?p=14157 Office of Minority Health. (2014, February 1). Retrieved December 9, 2015, from http:// minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlID=18 Basics About Diabetes. (2015, March 31). Retrieved December 10, 2015, from http://www.cdc.gov/dia betes/basics/diabetes.html
Diabetes is a disease that causes an abnormally high level of sugar, or glucose, to build up in the blood. Glucose comes from food we consume and also from our liver and muscles. Blood delivers glucose to all the cells in the body. In people without diabetes, the pancreas makes a chemical called insulin which is released into the blood stream. Insulin helps the glucose from the food get into cells. When the pancreas doesn’t make insulin, it can’t get into the cells and the insulin stays in the blood stream. The blood glucose level gets very high, causing the person to have type one diabetes.
Type I Diabetes are often found or developed in children and young adults. It was previously called “juvenile diabetes”. Type II diabetes are found in adults and can be seen at any age. This is non insulin dependent diabetes.
Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2 diabetes/adult onset diabetes) is an epidemic in American Indian and Alaska Natives communities.7 AI/AN have the highest morbidity and mortality rates in the United States.7 American Indian/Alaska Native adults are 2.3 more times likely to be diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus than non-Hispanic Whites.7 More importantly, AI/AN adolescent ages 10-14 are 9 times likely to be diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus than non-Hispanic Whites.7 Type 2 diabetes is high blood glucose levels due to lack of insulin and/or inability to use it efficiently.8 Type 2 diabetes usually affects older adults; 8 however, the incident rate is rising quicker amongst AI/AN youth than non-Hispanic Whites.7 This is foreshadowing of earlier serious complications that will be effecting the AI/AN communitie...
16Scientist have found trends in ethnic groups and ages begin to occur in today’s day and age. Type 2 diabetes has been found to be more
Schulz, L.O., Bennette, P.H., Ravussin, E., Kidd, J.R., Kidd, K.K., Esparaza, J., and Valencia, M.E., “Effects of Traditional and Western Environments on Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in Pima Indians in Mexico and the U.S.” Diabetes Care 29.8 (2006): 1866-1871. Google Scholar. Web. 3 May 2014.
Is a multisystem disease related to abnormal insulin production, impaired insulin utilization, or both. Diabetes Mellitus is a serious health problem throughout the world. It is the 5th leading cause of death in the U.S. It is the leading cause of heart disease, stroke, adult blindness, and nontraumatic lower limb amputations.
Since the arrival of Columbus in 1492, American Indians have been in a continuous struggle with diseases. It may not be small pox anymore, but illnesses are still haunting the native population. According to statistics, Native Americans have much higher rates of disease than the overall population. This includes a higher death rate from alcoholism, tuberculosis, and diabetes than any other racial or ethnic group. Recent studies by Indian health experts show that diabetes among Indian youth ages 15-19 has increased 54% since 1996 and 40% of Indian children are overweight. Even though diabetes rates vary considerably among the Native American population, deaths caused from diabetes are 230 percent greater than the United States population as a whole. Diabetes is an increasing crisis among the Native American population.
"The facts are clear: The diabetes epidemic sweeping the U.S. is hitting the African American community particularly hard, according to doctors." (2) Diabetes is defined as, "A disease that affects the body's ability to produce or respond to insulin, a hormone that allows blood glucose (blood sugar) to enter the cells of the body and be used for energy." (1) There are two types of diabetes: type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes, which usually begins during childhood or adolescence, "Is a condition characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by total lack of insulin. This occurs when the body's immune system attacks the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas and destroys them.." (2) Type 2 Diabetes, most common form of the disease, "Usually occurring in middle age adults after the age of forty-five, is a condition characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by either lack of insulin or the body's inability to use insulin efficiently." (2) National health surveys over the past 35 years show that the number of African American's that have been diagnosed with diabetes is drastically increasing. In fact, it has been reported, "Out of 16 million Americans with diabetes, twenty-three million are African Americans." (3) There are clearly many implications on why diabetes is so rampant in the African American community, those of which will be discussed in this report. In this report, I will exam aspects of the "African American Culture," in order to determine whether those aspects have anything to do with the reasons why diabetes is higher in the African American community, more so than others.
When the blood glucose is higher than the normal levels, this is known as diabetes disease. The body turns the food we eat into glucose or sugar and use it for energy. The insulin is a hormone created by the pancreas to help the glucose get into the cells. The sugar builds up in the blood because either the body doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t well use its own insulin (CDC, 2015). In the United States diabetes is known as the seventh leading cause of death. There are different types of diabetes. However, there are two main types of diabetes and these are; Diabetes type 1 and Diabetes type 2 (CDC, 2015).
Studies have shown there has been an increased prevalence of diabetes in the Native American culture. There has been a correlation with the rise of diabetes in American Indians and the Westernization of Native Americans. During Westernization, there was a gradual reduction in native foods. Because of this, Native Americans started incorporating foods that were high in fat and sugar, and low in whole grains and fiber. (Yracheta, Joseph M, MS; Lanaspa, Miguel A, PHD; Le, MyPhuong T, PHD; Abdelmalak, Manal F, MD; Alfonso, Javier, MD., Jun 2015, p. 815). By the 1930s, obesity and diabetes, were more common in the Pima than in other American Indian tribes. (Yracheta, Joseph M, MS; Lanaspa, Miguel A, PHD; Le, MyPhuong T, PHD; Abdelmalak, Manal F, MD; Alfonso, Javier, MD., Jun 2015, p. 816).
Diabetes occurs when the body is unable to convert food into energy based on the production or absorption of insulin, the hormone that prevents your blood sugar from getting too high or too low.
Zimmet, P., K.G. Alberti, and J. Shaw.2001. Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic. Nature 414 (December 13): 782-86
Diabetes mellitus (DM) was the seventh leading cause of death in the United States in 2012. It is a global epidemic with the number of people with the disease exceeding 170 million. Nearly 35,000 people worldwide die from this disease each year. The World Health Organization predicts that by 2030, the number will exceed 300 million, and the nations with the most cases include India, China, the United States, Indonesia, Japan, Pakistan, Russia, Brazil, Italy, and Bangladesh (Perreault & Færch, 2014).
middle of paper ... ... Retrieved from EBSCOhost.com. Nazarko, L. (2009). The 'Standard'. Causes and consequences of diabetes.