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The turn of the screw
Response paper on the turn of the screw
The turn of the screw ambiguity
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Throughout the Turn of the Screw, by Henry James, ambiguity is used purposely in respect to the reality of the ghosts. Without certainty the reader must guess and assume in order to determine if the ghosts are real or if they are conjured in the governess's mind. In this book there is more proof for the imagination of the ghosts. One source of evidence is the preparedness of the governess. At the beginning of the book the governess is being thrown into a situation that she is unprepared for. This unpreparedness was due to the life she lived before going to Bly. That life gave her little applicable experiences and leaving her always wanting attention, especially from men. Also, the governess feels the need to discredit the perfection of the children and by creating these ghosts this goal could be achieved. This need to seek a man’s attention and discredit the children suggests that the governess was never sane and imagined the ghosts.
When the governess entered Bly, she was a naïve country girl who was young. Up until that point, she led a “small, smothered life” (Chapter 3, page 1), which is not the type of life she wanted. That type of life had its insecurities. She always was worried about appearances, especially her’s. The governess always “expect[s] to come upon” (Chapter 13, page 2) a man who will judge her immediately based on her looks. This belief leads the governess to always be concerned about the way she is being perceived. Whether it be by Mrs. Grose, the children, the ghosts, or the master she desires to know their opinions. In particular, the master offers something to the governess that she has longed for. He offers her society. In her life with her “brothers and sisters and… cat and... dog at home”(Chapter...
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...overness’s self-esteem, because she was the same gender as the governess. Miles, on the other hand, went through things that the governess could not have because of the gender difference. Once the ignominious nature of the ghosts is applied to the children, they become less and less perfect in the governess’s eyes.
Overall, the governess was not fit to be in charge of the children. Her life did not prepare her for this job, especially the stress it came with. The added pressure, which she was not used to, that being a governess caused her to be “off her guard”(Chapter 3, page 2). Her desire to make herself look better than the children, also creates doubts about the sanity of the governess. In all the desire for attention from men and a need to discredit the children implies that governess is driven to create the ghosts in her head.
Works Cited
Turn of the screw
On August 29th, 2005, Hurricane Katrina, the most expensive hurricane in American history, made landfall in Louisiana with winds of one hundred and twenty-seven miles per hour (“Hurricane Katrina Statistics Fast Facts”). The sheer magnitude of the amount of lives and property lost was enormous, and it was triggered simply by warm ocean waters near the Bahamas ("How Hurricane Katrina Formed"). Nature was indifferent to whether the raging winds and rain would die off in the ocean or wipe out cities; it only follows the rules of physics. A multitude of American authors has attempted to give accounts and interpretations of their encounters with the disinterested machine that is nature. Two authors, Stephen Crane and Henry David Thoreau, had rather contrasting and conflicting interpretations of their own interactions with nature. Crane’s work, “The Open Boat,” is story based on his experience as a survivor
Within the ambiguous and quite confusing words of Henry James’ novella, The Turn of the Screw, many themes appear such as: the supernatural, good vs. evil, society and class, gender, etc; however, the underlying theme is “Innocence must be preserved.” Once the governess arrived at her new job at Bly and realized what was happening there, her sole mission was not only to care for the children, but to also protect their innocence. In the book, the governess strives with all she has to protect the children from the corruption of the ghosts of Peter Quint and Miss Jessel, and this is similar to the way parents attempt to prolong the innocence of their children.
Henry James’ The Turn of the Screw is one of the more disputed texts in all of literature, as it is famously known as an ambiguous text. The primary uncertain element of is whether there are ghosts scaring the governess and the children, or whether the governess is actually going insane. Even though a certain portion of the text is ambiguous, there are other portions of the text that are much more black and white. For example, the relationships in this novella are nothing close to normal. There are three key relationships in The Turn of the Screw: the Governess and Mrs. Grose, the Governess and Miles, and the governess and Flora. All of these relationships show how the governess’s maternal instinct influences her interactions and decisions with each of the characters.
These sentences give the impression that Macon has killed the spirit of his wife and daughters. His cruelty is an anticipated excitement because that is the only stimulation they have throughout the day. Furthermore, these lines give a sense that the women in the Dead household are voice less and choice less under the money and rule of Macon.
In conclusion the Governess seems to be a normal and hopeful young lady at the beginning. She slowly starts to go mad as she starts to envision ghosts and starts to think the children also see them. The governess is the main Character of The Turn of The Screw. And she clearly is the character that adds a creepy tone to this novel with her insane obsessive questions and actions. This novel can definitely be viewed from other points, but the most straightforward conclusion is that the governess is a mad
The Turn of the Screw by Henry James is usually read as a ghost story in which the central character, the governess, tries to save the souls of two children possessed by evil. However, the short-story can be also analyzed from many different perspectives, as we come upon a number of hints that lead to various understanding of certain scenes. One of the possible interpretations is the psychoanalytical one, in which we interpret the events either from the point of view of the governess or from the perspective of the two children. I will concentrate on the problem of the governess who, restricted by her own problems and moral dilemmas, projects her fears on her pupils and in this way harms the children. What causes her moral corruption and gradual maddening lies deep in her psyche. Both the Victorian upbringing and the social isolation of a poor village tell her to restrict her sexual desires evoked by the romance reading. The result is tragic. The governess becomes mad and the children psychologically destabilized and scared of the adults. The story ends with the governess strangling the boy in a hysteric fit. The Turn of the Screw is a very popular work of literature, with reach history of critical interpretations where not much can be added, therefore my essay is mostly based on The Turn of the Screw. A History of Its Critical Interpretations 1898 1979 by Edward J. Parkinson.
Something is amiss in Bly. The nameless Governess has always been a person of interest in literature. She has been analyzed time and time again from a trusting standpoint; taking everything she says at face value. Taken with no thought of deception and that ghosts are real and the Governess’ is attempting to protect Miles, not harm him. Also from a psychological or Freudian perspective indicating she was mentally disturbed and kills Miles. Whether the Governess was simply a confused youth, thrust into a position beyond her ability and is further saddled with the tasks of protecting her two charges with ghosts or a manipulative shrew who means nothing but harm to those around her because her mental state is questionable. The Governess is mad.
The governess in the novella The Turn of the Screw by Henry James has a questionable character. She explicitly states that she sees apparitions of past Bly residents, making her an honest narrator; however, there are times when her rationality is uncertain. The governess is insane because the ghosts she sees stem from her hallucinations, her excessive anxiety drives her to madness, and the other residents cannot see the ghosts.
Throughout his life, American born writer, Henry James, was not only a novelist, He was also a playwright and a short story author. He is known, mainly, for his novels that depict young girls in oppressive situations and his use of vague details and hints to force the reader to make his/her own assumptions as to what is ultimately happening in the world around them and what could be causing it. The Turn of the Screw is no different in that it depicts a young girl that is being put into a situation that could, in the end, be actual madness brought upon by the situation or something a little more supernatural all together. Critiques and fans of James’ work have poured countless hours into the analyzing and determining of the “truth” of the book. However, even with all of the time and effort that has been poured into uncovering the underlying story in the book, there are two widely regarded “Issues of controversy to date has concerned, of course, the reality of the ghosts and the sanity of the governess” (Bontly 721). The first explanation is essentially that the apparitions that are mentioned in the book are real and could be actually physically present at the manor. The second is that the ghosts are figments of the governess’ imagination brought upon by personal and cultural factors, common in the late Victorian period, for young women. The second explanation, being based in logic, reasoning, and an understanding of the Victorian era time period, is a much more plausible theory than the first explanation (involving actual ghosts) when the evidence and subtle hints that were left from Henry James are brought forth.
She believes she is actually protecting the children against an outside evil, which happens to coincide with her drive to demonstrate heroism and devotion to the master. According to Purdy, the governess conjures up ghosts because she invited them and willed them to come. Purdy feels the housekeeper plays her trump card and the governess' concern is not for the children but for all that would become of her, her bargain with the master, her relationship, and her passion for him. Purdy finds the following quotes to show her passion for the master and show that this serves as the motive of action.
The governess in the novella The Turn of the Screw by Henry James has a questionable character. She explicitly states that she sees apparitions of past Bly residents, making her an honest narrator; however, there are times when her rationality is uncertain. The governess is insane because the ghosts she sees stem from her hallucinations, her excessive anxiety drives her to madness, and the other residents cannot see the ghosts.
...t want to be the only one who does. It is another feeble attempt to prove her sanity to herself and to others. However, because she “is so easily carried away”, she soon believes that the children do in fact see the ghosts by reading into their every remark and behavior. By piecing all of this together, the governess proves to herself that she is not insane. The governess in The Turn of the Screw, is a highly unreliable narrator. From the beginning of the story, her energetic imagination is displayed to the reader. With this knowledge alone, it would not be irrational to conclude that she had imagined the appearances of Peter Quint and Miss Jessel. However, these facts in addition to her unsubstantiated inferences allow the reader to intelligently label the governess as an unreliable narrator. Works Cited Poupard, Dennis. “Henry James.” Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism: Volume 24. Ed. Paula Kepos. Detroit: Gale research.; 1990. 313-315.
In his 1948 essay, Robert Heilman explores the suggestion that The Turn of the Screw is a symbolic representation of the conflict between good and evil. Heilman interprets the apparitions of Peter Quint and Miss Jessel as evil forces. He explains that the ghosts only appear to the governess because evil lurks in subtlety before it strikes. It is the duty of the governess to "detect and ward off evil." She must protect the children from the awful ghosts. The governess describes Miles and Flora as beautiful little cherubs whose only fault is their gentleness (James, 18-19). Heilman views the children's beauty as a "symbol of the spiritual perfection of which man is capable." Heilman explains the ghosts' attempts to reach the children by explaining that evil forces will always try to conquer and possess the human soul. Heilman continues to draw from the descriptions of Miles and Flora to support his theories. He points out that the two children are described as having an "angelic beauty" and a "positive fragrance of purity" (James 9, 13). The governess describes them as if they are perfect and beautiful in every way. This repeated vision of beauty, radiance, and innocence parallels the image of Eden. The house at Bly also resembles this image, "I remember the lawn and the bright flowers..." (James 7). The governess makes mention of the "golden sky" and of Flora's "hair of gold," which Heilman believes connects Bly and Flora with these images of golden hues (James 7, 9).
In "The Turn of the Screw" by Henry James, the main character, the governess, is so deluded and lonely that she will do anything necessary to reduce these horrifying feelings and not feel them. She decides that the way to do that is to possibly find love and instead she seems to have found a strange infatuation with her employer. But, sadly because she is located in a country house in Essex, such a longing is not possible to define. When the governess realizes this, she seems to apparently replace her unreciprocated feelings in the shape of ghostly spirits. It possibly is her way of "getting out." Without fully realizing this, the governess has chosen to be an unreliable narrator. Seeing the ghostly spirits which make appearances in this invisible relationship, allows her to feel as though she, herself was a part of an invisible relationship. But in all actuality, there is no relationship because the employer seems to keep ignoring her. When the governess becomes tired of these ghosts, she turns to other characters to fulfill her "goals."
In The turn of the Screw, the characters often communicated very indirectly with one another, hinting toward certain situations but never explaining them fully. At the beginning of this story, one of the first vague quotes, “he had been left, by the death of their parents in India, guardian to a small nephew and a small niece” depicts that Miles and Flora’s parents died in India (James 158). However, the details around their death are unknown and mysterious.