While the policy regulations of states strive to maintain their sovereignty, states have long recognised their interdependence in policing transnational illegal activity (Gerspacher 2009). Transnational crime has long posed a significant obstacle to policing efforts. The extensive effects of globalisation, world political and economic shifts, technological advances, security challenges and the implications of climate change, have all served to influence the crime environment and make the job of policing the community more challenging than ever before (Keelty 2007). According to Hills (2009) there is a widely shared conviction that international police forces must co-operate if they are to respond effectively to the crime and insecurity facilitated by globalisation. Operation Cathedral and the Solomon Islands peacekeeping operation will be explored in order to illustrate the negative and positive consequences of involvement in international policing operations.
According to Sycamnias (1999) international policing is the term used to signify legal interaction and participation on a global scale by a variety of law enforcement bodies, in order to better develop and preserve individual jurisdictional justice systems. International policing operations in effect bestow a new meaning to the phrase the long arm of the law. Under normal conditions, countries only have the power to control activities that occur within their sovereign territorial borders (Sycamnias 1999). International policing enables joint intervention by countries within which crimes have originated or transpired.
According to the United Nations Department of Public Information (2002), at a very simple level transnational criminal groups traffic in human beings, parti...
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...e', International Peacekeeping, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 569-583.
• United Nations Department of Public Information 2002, Draft United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, visited 10 May 2010, .
• UNODC 2010, United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its Protocols, visited 13 May 2010, .
• Wainwright, E 2003, ‘Responding to state failure—the case of Australia and Solomon Islands’, Australian Journal of International Affair, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 485-498.
• Wallis, J 2006, ‘A ‘helpem fren’ in need… Evaluating the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands’, Security Challenges, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 81-98.
• Williams, P, 2002, Organized Crime and Cyber-Crime: Implications for Business, Carnegie, Mellon University
Many organizations and programs are working to stop human trafficking and its insubordinate criminals. Organizations, such as the United Nations Conven...
From drug dealing to high-tech computer crimes, international organized crime is unique to every organization and each fraction of the organization. Despite the wide range in histories, structure, and activities, overlap does occur, and it is always seen in the lack of effort to stop the organized crime groups. On a local level, the authorities have tried to stop the expansion of organized crime. However, on an international level, little is being done to prevent, stop, and bring justice to offenders.
James Lewis,director of the Technology and Public Policy Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington D.C. - USA, says in an interview for Fobes Magazine “the big problem is political,its sovereignty, police stop at the edge of their jurisdiction rather than pursue criminals to their hideouts”.There are many countries where authorities do not want to collaborate,or do not have the technical capabilities to assist the investigators.One of recent
The International Criminal Court’s Roman Statue has many problems but has still managed to gain enough support to act as an international law making body. The International Criminal Court has obtained the support of over a hundred nations, but the unwillingness of the United States to join could jeopardize the effectiveness of the Court. The foundation of the International Criminal Court is set up in the Roman Statue, which was drafted by many countries at a conference in Rome. The Statue states what crimes the Court has jurisdiction over and it explains the structure of the Court. The Statue illustrates that the main goal of the International Criminal Court is to prosecute the most serious international crimes. It is questionable whether the Court is achieving this goal. The Roman Statue restricts the International Criminal Court from prosecuting many crimes because the Court has a strict time frame of when crimes can be tried and limits the amount of countries under its jurisdiction. The United States does not support the content of the Statue and has taken actions to omit themselves from its jurisdiction. These actions could stop the Court from successfully accomplishing their goal. The International Criminal Court is not an effective international organization because of the language of the Roman Statue and its inability to gain essential participation of the most influential nation in the world, the United States, who fears being prosecuted and cannot accept lack of control.
Globalization can be defined as the “development of an increasingly integrated global economy marked especially by free-trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of cheaper foreign labor markets that transcend nation-state boundaries”. As the world becomes a more integrated society we are more readily able to share goods, services, ideas, and technology. Furthermore, we are able to move more freely between nations. With this freedom there comes prosperity for people, companies and entire countries as we can now gain access to things we never had before. But as we expand our ideas and make it easier to cross borders, those with malicious and deceptive intentions are slipping through and committing heinous crimes that all too often go unnoticed.
Especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, 15 November 2000, available at: http://www.osce.org/odihr/19223
Winslow, R. W., & Zhang, S. (2008). Contemporary Theories of Crime. Criminology: a global perspective (). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall.
In the Unites States of America, many organizations such as CATW, Freedom Network, and IOFA combat human trafficking or aid in the campaign against human trafficking (United States par. 4-5, 9). Sweden has the Kvinnofrid, which is a law that handles human trafficking well since it contains fierce regulations and punishments for going against the law (Jesionka par. 17). This law although effective only affects the country and not the global pandemic. By working together, countries can launch attacks even while the ring is in another country. Next, as many people know not all countries see eye to eye on certain topics but with the interagency task forces not only do countries get to work together to severely cripple human trafficking, but bonds of trust form eliminating, if any,
U.S. President’s Commission on Organized Crime. The Impact: Organized Crime Today: Report to the President and the Attorney General. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1986.
As we can see, the system of Law Enforcement is formed over many centuries of history, starting as a horse guard and Rangers to modern police departments, agencies and states, performing a variety of functions and meeting the requirements of each time period. Comprehensive study of the evolution of foreign police forces is relevant and has a scientific significance; there may be a promising area of historical and legal research. Analysis of state-legal laws of development of the Law Enforcement system of different countries represent an important step in this direction.
U.S. Department of State Publication (2007) Trafficking in Persons Report,11407, United States of America: Office of Under Secretary for Democracy and Global Affairs and bureau of public affairs.
As globalization continues to flourish and evolve, this creates further opportunities in which individuals are able to launder money with greater ease, efficiency in profit and sophistication. Through the forms of economic globalization, people may use new forms of travel to their advantage and personal gain. It is widely recognized (Pfaller, A & Lerch, M 2005, Auernheimer, L 2003) that this is becoming a significant challenge in the international sphere. Through globalization, criminals are able to create new means to commit crime for an economic benefit and avoid prosecution through new forms of travel. This allows them to spread transactions across multiple nations around the globe, thus increasing the number of obstacles that need to be overcome for an investigation to be completed (Karofi, U, Mwanza, J). For example, this can be explained through the new forms of money laundering. Money laundering is ‘the process by which one conceals the existence, illegal source, or illegal application of income, and disguises that income to make it appear legitimate’ (President’s Commission on Organised Crime 1984, p. 7). This can be achieved through the process of transporting diamonds or gold or even through wire transfers (Morris-Cotterill, N). The lack of risk that is involved in these contemporary crimes is increasing the appeal for crimes such money laundering to occur. This is due to the fact that criminals know that it will prove to be difficult to investigate and prosecute their activities when it occurs on a transnational basis. This, in turn, gives more individuals the opportunity to commit these crimes with little risk that they will be caught. Furthermore, this targets potential naïve victims into partaking in these forms of c...
The current “state” of the law enforcement agencies in Belize: the Belize Police Department, the Belize Defense Force and the Belize Immigration and Nationality Services is “heart-breaking”. It is apparent that the law enforcement agencies are ill-prepared to efficiently tackle violence and crime in the nation. One of the critical issues with the enforcement of the law in Belize is isolation - from technology, research, advice and collaboration with other sectors of the executive and the judiciary. The impeded and resisted absolute incorporation of computer and information systems into law enforcement has promoted this isol...
...national crime. By sharing information, monitoring issues, and stopping illegal criminal activity before it branches out, law enforcement has the best chance of preventing international crime.
Burns, R. G. (2013). Policing: A Modular Approach, First Edition. Ph Proffessional Business. Heath B. & Grant, K. J. (2011). Law Enforcement In The 21st Century. Prentice Hall.