Down syndrome is common within the United States. According to Gould and Dyer (2011), Down syndrome is an example of trisomy due to there are three chromosomes that are present versus two in the 21 position. Meaning, people with Down syndrome have a total of 47 chromosomes instead of the original 46. The body is marked by the effects of Trisomy 21. The effects of Trisomy 21 can lead to defects of physical and mental development. Down syndrome was at first also called monogolism, but now it is more commonly known as Down syndrome. The risk of giving birth to a child with Down syndrome increases with maternal age. A woman at age 30 has a risk of approximately 1 in 1000 in bearing a child who has Down syndrome, a woman at age 35 has a risk of 1 in 500, and at age 40 there is a risk of 1 in 100 (Gould & Dyer, 2011). It is unknown if this is due to the cause by the damage of the oocytes resulting of degenerative factors with aging or environmental substances. Some cases it was to be due to paternal origin also. This disorder can be detected by a positive triple screen test on maternal blood followed by an amniocentesis (Gould &Dyer, 2011).
According to Gould and Dyer (2011), characteristics in people with Down syndrome are typically a small head with a flat facial profile, eyes are slanted and the irises contain a Brushfield spots, mouth tends to hand open, large tongue, and high-arched palate. The person can also have small and a single palmar crease, hypotonic muscles, joints are loose, cervical abnormalities, short stature, delay in developmental stages, sexual development is delayed or incomplete, and children are at risk for other problems such as visual issues, hearing problems, obstructions in the digestive tract, celiac diseas...
... middle of paper ...
... is done, then the nurse is the one to follow up with the patient for any concerns or questions that they may have. Silencing of the chromosome 21 allows older women to have children without the possible risk of having a child with Down syndrome. The silencing of chromosome 21 is a major event for nurses, due to it helps possibly increase the lifespan of child and allows people to have children no matter what age they are.
Works Cited
Gould, B.E. & Dyer, R.M. (2011). Pathophysiology for the Health Professions (4th Ed.).(pp. 150-154). St. Louis: Saunders.
Jiang, J., Jing, Y., Cost, G., Chiang, J., Kolpa, H., Cotton, A., Carone, D., Carone, B., Shivak, D., Guschin, D., Pearl, J., Rebar, E., Byron, M., Gregory, P., Brown, C., Urnov, F., Hall, L., & Lawrence, J. (2013). Translating Dosage Compensation to Trisomy 21. Nature, 500, 296-300. doi: 10.1038/nature12394
Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22441230.
Both of these methods can help determine and eliminate genetic disorders, as certain conditions can be screened out using these technologies. As discussed in Meseguer et al., more than 300 diseases have been related to sexual chromosomes till date. Case studies also argue the important role of these methods in family balancing for varied family dynamics who aim to compensate their family with a representation of the other sex (Meseguer et al., 2002). Critics have also mentioned that with an increase in demand, these methods could become more economical and widely available, including to couples who may need it due to medical
Huether, S.E. & McCance, K.L. (2008). Understanding pathophysiology (4th ed.). St. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier
Boston: Bedford/St. Martin,. 304 - 316 mm. Print. The. Newman, Stuart A.. “The Hazards of Human Developmental Gene Modification.”
Page-Reeves, J., Niforatos, J., Mishra, S., Regino, L., Gingrich, A., & Bulten, J. (2011). Health
An individual who has Down syndrome can be recognized as different from others since he or she have different physical features, but the question is, what causes individuals to have deformed face, little different features than someone who does not have Down syndrome? The reason some individuals are born with Down syndrome is because of an extra chromosome, this chromosome, which carries number 21. It is also known as Trisomy 21. Having this sort of disability, does not truly affect their life in a way they are not able to live, but it affects their cognitive levels, their physical growth of the child with Down syndrome. As the mother goes for an ultra sound, doctors can detect that the child within the mother’s womb has Down syndrome. (1) Mothers over age 35 have higher risk of giving birth to a child with Down syndrome, and 1 in every 1,000 women at the age of 30. In addition, in every 100 women, who age 40 there is a mother has a child with this case. As woman ages there is a higher chance of conceiving a child with Down syndrome than a woman who is in her mid-20s or younger. (2) This essay will highlight the effects and supports of Down syndrome in children.
Down Syndrome is a condition that cannot be physically passed on from one person to the next. It is a genetic disorder that is inherited through our parents when something goes wrong during pregnancy. As a result, they have a combination of features typical of Down Syndrome, including some degree of cognitive disability, as well as other developmental delays. One thing we should always keep in mind is that they are children and having Down Syndrome comes second.
Children born to older parents are at greater risk for genetic abnormalities, such as Down syndrome. No one knows what causes the chromosomal abnormality that results in Down syndrome, a condition according to the National Association for Down syndrome, affects one in 800 to 1,000 babies in the United States. Any woman regardless of her culture, race and socio-economic status can have a baby with Down syndrome. However, a mother’ age seems to be a unifying factor among children with Down syndrome. Older women have a greater chance of giving birth to a baby with Down syndrome, and the risks increases with every passing year. The National Association for Down syndrome estimates the chance of having a baby with Down syndrome to be as follows:
Down syndrome is a genetic disorder, associated with the presence of an extra chromosome. Downs is characterized by mild to severe mental impairment, weak muscle tone, shorter stature, and a flattened face. Down syndrome is not a very common disease, one in every 691 children are born with Down syndrome. The disability is an illness that people are born with and is not contagious. Most people with Downs have a life expectancy of about 40 or 50 years of age. They only live for that short amount of time because they begin to develop a similar disease to Alzheimer’s. “100% of people with Down syndrome will develop some physiologic signs of Alzheimer’s when they are over 35 years old in the U.S” (Statistics about Down Syndrome). They also die earlier because having Down syndrome increases the risk of leukemia 15-20 times in the US. Therefore most people with Downs will die because of leukemia or heart problems before the age of 50.
Down syndrome, a genetic disorder, is the most common cause for intellectual disabilities, occurring at an average of one out of every 700 births (CDS, 2006). This disorder is caused by the extra chromosome 21 (also known as Trisomy 21). According to Hassold and Sherman (2002), the probability of giving birth to a child with DS is not linked to any race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status or geographic location. Maternal age seems to be the only etiological factor that may cause DS.
Retrieved August 20, 2010 from http://www.kff.org/healthreform/7920.cfm
... Medicine. 3rd ed. Vol.3. Detroit: Gale, 2006.2139-2141. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 3 Apr. 2014.
Plecas, D., McCormick, A. V., Levine, J., Neal, P., & Cohen, I. M. (2011). Evidence-based
JAMA: Journal of the American Medical Association. 14 Nov. 2001: 2322. Academic Search Complete. Web.
Down syndrome are growing and the population of them is rising. They are very capable and