Tourism industry is influenced by various factors including sociocultural evolution and political relationship. Particularly after the Islamic Revolution of 1978 in Iran, a new policy on tourism brought new conditions of tourism with emphasis on pilgrimage tourism.
Generally, tourism is known as one of the essential element of rural development. In Iran, there are many sacred places where are regularly visited by pilgrimages. Some of the holy places are located in rural areas, and they are attractive to many visitors.
In the undeveloped rural areas, the community suffers from several socioeconomic problems including poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, and even depopulation. Sometimes the rural development is ignored by state planning, in the favor of urban development. The Government’s open market policy on agriculture[??if it is open, why government].
These problems lead to the stagnation of economy, and eventually the degradation of the quality of life in rural areas. Rural tourism provides opportunity to create jobs and to diversify incomes for rural households. In recent years, the local government has considered the tourism activities. Since 2005, the state authority of Iran has been playing a leading role in the development of rural tourism.
The Tourism Sample Village (TSV) is a main project to study the possibility and potentiality of local resources. In addition, the TVS focus on the development of rural tourism and the encouragement of local inhabitants.
Rural tourism is a sustainable program to support the local society and to conserve the local environment. In other words, the TVS acts as a pivotal basis to establish a sustainable local tourism in the country (Clarke, Denman, Hickman & Slovak, 2001). Rural tour...
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...and low level of income. The unsuitable traditional agrarian system exacerbates this situation; rural lands are no longer supportive for local households. As a result, this condition is the main reason of poverty; hence, per capita rural income is less than national average.
Rural areas in Iran suffer from low public services, high unemployment rate, and high emigration rate; these factors jeopardize the whole structure of life.
As a result, tourism is as a supplementary approach to reverse the decline in the productivity of rural areas. Rural tourism offers solutions to many of the problems facing rural areas such; these include economic growth, sociocultural development and environment development. Therefore, tourism is an integral element of sustainable rural development policy. These effects of rural tourism are indicated in Figure 1 (Sharpley, 2002).
Poverty is poverty, but is it really the same? Although there are more people living in poverty in dense, urban areas compared to those living in sparely, populated rural areas, there are significant differences. According to United States Department of Agriculture, poverty rates increase as counties become more rural ("Rural Poverty," 2013). When it comes to poverty there are too many issues to be examined. However, the disparity between education, employment, healthcare and family living circumstances are major contributing factors affecting rural poverty.
Tourism is a force to be reckoned with, especially in the case of Dry Tortugas National
Tourism impacts can be generally classified into seven categories with each having both positive and negative impacts. These impacts include; economic, environmental, social and cultural, crowding and congestion, taxes, and community attitude. It is essential for a balance on array of impacts that may either positively or negatively affect the resident communities. Different groups are concerned about different tourism impacts that affect them in one way or another. Tourism’s benefits can be increased by use of specific plans and actions. These can also lead to decrease in the gravity of negative impacts. Communities will not experience every impact but instead this will depend on particular natural resources, development, or spatial patterns (Glen 1999).
While there were great variations in income between different villages, and between different jobs in the urban sector, the overall averages showed a clear pattern: the cities were much richer than the countryside. Most capital investments were going into urban industries. The urban workers, using considerable amount of heavy machinery, had a much higher average level of productivity compared to the rural workers. The natural consequence was, for the city people, an average income level twice as high as that of the people in the countryside. The most obvious way to attack this poverty problem was to increase production, in all sectors of the economy. Though the easiest way to increase ...
The Afghan population is suffering from absolute poverty in Afghanistan is closely related to the high illiteracy rate in rural areas where a large majority...
Or why are they far ahead of us in terms of Tourism industry. One common demand is “Employment” and Tourism sector is one of most generating organization; we all need to be aware and support and encourage any Tourism Industries set up in our land. According to recent statistics, pilgrimage tourism provides about 10% of the world's income and employs almost one tenth of the world's workforce. All considered, pilgrimage tourism's actual and potential economic impact is astounding. Many people emphasize the positive aspects of pilgrimage tourism as a source of foreign exchange, a way to balance foreign trade, an "industry without chimney". But there are also a number of other positive and negative sides of pilgrimage tourism
Tourism is often associated with traveling to places away from home. Tourism has a big impact on the economic growth of some countries, which define the shape of their cities by producing different sectors like historic districts, convention centers, museums, malls, hotels, restaurants, and the list can be endless. Furthermore, tourism elements have been developed by cities for a variety of reasons including: situating themselves in the world by drawing a positive image and attracting visitors and for their money.
There are two kinds of factors why rural people seek for urban life. The first one is urban pull factor. They dream for higher wages, better housing and utilities, better school and hospital, more jobs opportunity, and more experience that they can get it all from a living in big cities as they think. The second one is urban push factor. We know that most of rural areas people are farmers. There’,s not much else to do anymore in the village but wait for harvest time and without higher level of education, availability of media, or facilities that they need, they might be stimulated to move to urban areas.
Nowadays in the rea of globalization, according to the World Tourism Organization, “seven hundred million people travelled abroad in 2003”, and the number is estimated to increase to 1.6 billion by 2020. (International Labour Organization, 2005). Tourism is spreading in unusual places. A lot of people want to be in the midst of adventure. It is a vital source of revenues for the GDP of many countries. I partially agree that tourism hugely benefits the local community. This essay will discuss some of the economic, social and environment effect of tourism on the host community.
Due to rural-urban migration, there has been increasing levels of poverty and depopulation in rural areas. This is one of the reasons why the government has seen it as necessary and made it a priority to improve the lives of the people who live in rural areas. Rural development is about enabling people in the rural areas take charge of their destiny. This is through the use and management of the natural resources they are exposed to. This is a process through which people learn over time and they use this knowledge to adapt to the changing world. The purpose of rural development is to improve the lives of people living in the rural areas.
...may be greater access to education in urban areas where there are more people, which maximizes the effects. However, such an approach does not attend to people living in rural areas, who are repeatedly neglected, constituting a major oversight. In this case, using both the tools of HD and ED permits development practitioners to assess the situation on the ground in a more comprehensive manner and tailor programs to meet the needs of different groups. Cases like this abound; Sen (1999) presents the example of Kerala, which reduced income poverty with only moderate economic growth, owing to expansion of health care programs and more equitable land distribution (p. 31). Here, equal access to land, stimulates more opportunities and the alleviation of income poverty removes some constraints on capabilities, allowing people to make use of the opportunities they are given.
Agriculture development is an essential for economic growth and rural development. Increase in agriculture productivity leads to the economic growth and create employment opportunity in rural area. While the state of rural infrastructure varies widely among developing countries, most lower-income developing countries suffer severe rural infrastructure deficiencies. Deficiencies in transportation, energy, telecommunication, and related infrastructure translate into poorly functioning domestic markets with little spatial and temporal integration.
Tourism is an important and intricate element to society. It affects economical, social, cultural and environmental elements. Tourism can be argued to have a negative impact on the environment and decrease our already depleting resources, but tourism can also be argued to be a major contributor to strengthening economies, spread cultural traditions and improve people’s lives. Tourism
Tourism is the one of economic and social activities that increasingly vital. Number of travellers domestic and international is increasing. In fact, several countries in present world develop tourism sectors as primary sector which generate national income. According to Salah Wahab and Cooper (2003). Tourism is also sector which involves role that mutually link between government, private sector and also public.
Krishnaraj, Maithreyi. 2006. “Food Security, Agrarian Crisis and Rural Livelihoods.” Economic and Political Weekly 41 (52): 5376-5388.