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Environmental impact of tourism
The role of coral reefs in climate change
The role of coral reefs in climate change
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Introduction Our planet faces serious environmental issue from the over using of the natural resources especially in the tourism field. Even without absorbing the resources, some environments that known for it’s beauty are tourists attractions. There are many people who prefer the natural attractions instead of manmade ones. This thing will increased the arriver in nature places, as a result of that the environmental impacts will increased because of the human use and the bad behavior that human leaves on the environment. In this project we are going to talk about Queensland destination in Australia and then we will be mentioning some tourist attractions in the city. We chose two attractions: The great barrier reef and the Daintree rainforest. We will be stating some of the environmental impacts that are caused by the tourists. At last we will be suggesting some strategies and methods to overcome these environmental problems. Our choice of destination was Queensland city. We chose this destination because of the many interesting attraction the city had like the great barrier reef, which consider the largest coral reef system in all over the world. The Daintree rainforest to be one of oldest rainforests on earth. We’re going to state each attractions and problems caused by the tourist and then suggest some strategies and methods for these two that can overcome the mentioned problems for each of both attractions. Queensland destination: Queensland or (The Sunshine state) as it calls because the amount of 261 days of sunshine yearly. It’s a state located on north east of Australia. Its consider as the biggest state after western Australia with an area of 1,723,936 square kilometers, at the 138°E longitude. Queensland ... ... middle of paper ... ...rines, that would include the bad behavior of the tourist of littering and other forms of pollution. b) The natural threats: 3. Coral bleaching: Which are happens due to the rise in the water temperature. The coral reef gains its colors from the algae that live on it. If the water becomes warmer it would kill the algae, that will cause the bleach effect as causing the death of algae, their death will affect the creatures that use them as a source of food which will affect the food chain for some organisms. 4. Water temperature and climate change: The water temperature starts to increase in a frequent manner. Climate change in general is one of main threats to the coral reef future as it in danger of “bleaching”. That the green house effect had the carbon dioxide as a main factor, if it kept increasing the coral reef life would suffer from the loss of oxygen.
Climate change has been affecting coral reefs in a negative way. If the climate continues to get warmer more of our coral reef become bleached, the structure of the reefs will become weak, and algae that keeps coral healthy will die. In the essay, “A framework for understanding Climate change impacts on Coral Reefs” by Joshua Clinner (2016), he emphasizes our climate change has become one of the long-term threats to coral reef. The article “Climate change and human impacts are damaging the world’s coral reefs”, which didn’t include an author (2001), states that the sea temperatures throughout the tropics has increased dramatically leaving much of the coral unhealthy. Spencer Hall (2008), discussed in his article “Coral Reefs and Climate Change”, how the increase in climate change puts a lot of stress on coral reefs because they are very sensitive to the change of temperature. Rigel B (2003) states in his essay, “Climate Change and Coral Reefs”, that coral reef has already been negatively impacted by
Leading scientists advise climate change will cause increases to the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. Rising sea levels pose a significant risk to coastal communities, while the world’s oceans could become too acidic to support coral reefs and other calcifying marine organisms. Coral reefs contain only six per cent of the area of the Great Barrier Reef, yet they provide critical habitat and food for numerous species in the ecosystem. However, climate change has already impacted coral reefs in the Great Barrier Reef as corals are very helpless against its potential impacts. Eight mass coral bleaching events has occurred since 1979, triggered by unusually high water temperatures. And because of this, zooxanthellae (photosynthetic algae) leave their tissues and corals will have no more colours hence ‘bleaching’. Without the zooxanthellae, the corals that remain gradually starve to death. Once the coral dies, fish and a multitude of other marine species are soon affected. Rising sea levels and more frequent and intense storm surges will see more erosion of Australia’s coastline, causing community and residential
Bleaching is when the ocean water become too warm, “corals will expel the algae (zooxanthellae) living in their tissues causing the coral to turn completely white. This is called coral bleaching. When a coral bleaches, it is not dead. Corals can survive a bleaching event, but they are under more stress and are subject to mortality.” (Cave and Gillis). When a coral bleaches, it is more of like a self defense mode, which makes it turn white. The coral loses its food source as well. The downfall of this is that without the cooler waters, the corals could die of starvation or disease. Cooler waters from below can help a bleached coral bounce back to its natural state. However, if the water stays too warm for an extended period of time, “the corals don't just bleach, they cook and they die very quickly,.” (Westcott). Throughout time, much of the corals near Cairns and northward have lost the most corals. Hughes states that, “near Cairns, the Great Barrier Reef has lost 47 percent to 83 percent of their coral and as you go northward, the Great Barrier Reef has lost 11percent to 35 percent of its corals.” (Cave and Gillis). In another report, “a study last year found the largest die off of corals ever recorded with about 67 per cent of shallow water coral found dead in a survey of a 700km stretch.” (Johnston). In 2016 and 2017, there were back to back bleaching events. According to CNN reports, “back to back bleaching events in 2016 and 2017 have devastated a 1,500 km (900 miles) stretch of the UNESCO World Heritage Site.” (Westcott). Before the 2016 bleaching event of the Great Barrier Reef, there have only been two bleaching events, 1998 and 2002. According the Hughes, “only 9 percent of the reef has avoided bleaching since 1998.” (Cave and Gillis). That means that over 90 percent of the Great Barrier Reef has been affected by coral bleaching at least once in the past 19 years.
Impacts of Tourism in Swanage Tourism has the potential to create impacts on the environment and communities that it relies on to accommodate visitors. Its impacts are mitigated by the long history of tourism activity. Communities have become used to tourism activity, and management measures to limit some areas of environmental damage have been implemented. Nevertheless, some impacts are far ranging, and they are set out below: * Inappropriate Development An increase in visitors can lead to pressure for new developments to serve and capitilise on their needs, eg. Caravan parks, visitor centres, cafes, signs, car parks, and additional accommodation.
One argument is that many different things are contributing to the destruction of coral rather than climate change including overfishing, marine pollution and cyclones/hurricanes (World Climate Report, 2010). Although this may be true, the main causes of coral reef destruction still relates back to global warming. From 1985 to 2012, coral populations in the Great Barrier Reef have decreased by 50.7 per cent, with 48 per cent due to tropical cyclones, 42 per cent because of crown of thorns starfish (COTS) and 10 per cent directly due to bleaching (De 'ath et al., 2012). It has been indicated that due to global warming, there has been an increase in the number of tropical cyclones (Knutson et al., 2010). However, it has also been found that there is a possibility of cyclones actually mitigating coral bleaching (Baker et al., 2008; Schultz, 2012). With even just a 2°C increase in temperature the probability of COTS survival escalates by 240 per cent under certain conditions (Australian Institute of Marine Science, 2015). However, repeated bleaching events result in higher mortality rates. The Caribbean has been experiences continuous declines of reef sites due to repeated bleaching events (Baker et al., 2008). There is no doubt that oceans surrounding Australia have drastically warmed since 1910 (Bureau of Meteorology, 2014), and this warming affects the
Home to more that 1,500 species of fish this reef is on its last legs. Coral bleaching is when the water gets warm so coral lets out all of its algae, without the algae coral loses its main source of food. The coral can still survive but become very vulnerable to disease and much of the coral that becomes bleached does die. 93% of the Great Barrier reef is bleached today. About 50% of the coral that get bleached end up dyeing. Bleaching can happen because of oil and things that are in the water that should not be, exposure to air when tides are low, exposure to sun light and warm ocean temperature. Most of these things are caused by humans and we can fix them. This habitat is also being destroyed because of coal mining. A new coal mine has opened in Queensland just inland of the Great Barrier Reef, they will need to ship the coal from a port that is right next to the southern part of the reef. The cargo ships that are needed to transport the coal, these ships leak man toxins for the
One of the key elements of tourism is the quality of the environment, both natural and man-made. Tourism however, can have a negative effect on the environment due to people not caring for the environment because it is not an area where they normally reside, so they do not consider what long-term effects that their temporary actions may have. Tourism that is not regulated or controlled can lead to negative environmental impacts on air, water, soil, vegetation, and wildlife quality and sustainability.
Coral reefs around the world are in danger. One of the causes is global warming, which has been increasing the temperature of the ocean water resulting in coral bleaching. This essay will focus on damage occurring to the Great Barrier Reef.
Another explanation for coral reefs dying is because of increasing in temperature. As the earth gets warmer due to global warming the oceans get warmer. According to research done by the International Union for Conservation of Nature because of global climate change coral bleaching takes effects on the coral reefs all over the world. This causes coral bleaching caused by these elevated sea surface temperatures. Status of Coral Reefs Around the World (pg. 21) says that the major threat to the coral reefs has been coral bleaching over the past decade. According to Green peace if the climate change is not stopped, coral bleaching will increase all over the world until it occurs annually by 2030-2070. This is ...
Humans have a very large effect on the ecosystems of coral reefs. Sensitivity of coral reefs causes them to be more susceptible to harmful anthropogenic practices. Some of these are sedimentation, global warming, recreational activities, poison fishing, blast fishing practices, water pollution, and coral mining. All of these very different practices can effectively end up with the same results; the mortality of coral reefs around the world. Coral reefs are an important ecosystem of the world, and support many different industries and millions of people.
The Great Barrier Reef Management Authority identified in an outlook plan for the reef that climate change is the long term threat that will destroy the reef. The Australian Government and Queensland officials have formally agreed to undertake an assessment on the Great Barrier Reef and the routes taken in order to maintain the reef’s beauty. A public group has been set up, allowing for people to have their say in how to protect the reef. There is a Long-Term Sustainability Plan for the Great Barrier Reef being undertaken by Australian and Queensland officials. This plan involves both costal officials and those of the general public that want to get involved. Officials have taken in all the comments from the general public and are expected to come up with a shot and long term plan into order to sustain the Great Barrier Reef.
This article discusses how important the organisms symbiotic with coral reefs are, as well as how important coral reefs are to our environment. Also explained is how natural and non natural things things like hurricanes and overfishing affects them. A study is quoted about how water acidity also plays a role in the bleaching of corals. Lastly, restoration and conservation efforts are discussed and how we could possibly help our oceans.
The aim of this essay is to carefully examine the existing resources of tourism within the destination their potential and weakness, SWOT and PEST analysis, statistics of tourist visiting and comparing those numbers and their demographic factors so on. Moreover the objectives of this essay is to discuss and me...
New Zealand tourism is largely reliant on 'Eco-tourism' so to maintain the tourism industry it is imperative that our environment is conserved. However tourism itself can have negative effects on the environment. The tourism sector must act responsibly in its use of the environment and any use must be sustainable.
The uncontrolled tourism increase is threatening many natural areas around the world.with the uncontrollable levels of tourism this can put great deal of pressure on an area, andthis could end up leading to negative environmental impacts on the air and the water quality, thevegetation,the soil.the wild life and the possible job opportunities.