The filtration apparatus in the Uni-Minn Development Cooperation’s Unit Operations Laboratory is a vertical pressure leaf filter. Specific details of the apparatus are contained in the apparatus subsection, but a basic schematic is shown in Figure 1.1 below. A vacuum is utilized to force flow of a slurry solution through a filter medium of cross-sectional area A. Out the top of the filter, flows a volume, V, of filtrate. A filter cake, of length L, forms on the bottom of the filter medium.
Energy, which is the minimum energy needed for a reaction to happen. A catalyst can make a reaction occur even if it would not happen other wise. Enzymes only affect the speed at which a product is formed, not how much is produced. Enzymes are specific, this means that once an enzyme has acted on one substance it will not act on a different one. There are two reactions which involve enzymes they are anabolic and catabolic. An anabolic reaction is a build up of smaller molecules into larger
of light intensity on the size of a plantain leaf. Hypothesis: I predict that the size of the plantain leaves would increase as the light intensity decreases. Therefore, plantain leaves found in the shade will have larger surface areas than leaves found in an open area. Theory: Sunlight is an essential factor need to complete the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis consists of the following equation: Sun light Carbon dioxide + Water ========> Glucose + Oxygen Chlorophyll
Determine the Relationship Between Surface Area and Rate of Oxygen Production To determine the relationship between surface area and rate of oxygen production when a potato is placed in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution. Background Information ---------------------- Potato contains enzymes such as catalase. Catalase are protein molecules, which are found in animal and plant cells. Catalase speeds up specific reactions in the cells. They all have very specific duty, as each enzyme just performs
To investigate the factors which affect the rate of reaction between marble chips and hydrochloric acid, with one in specific detail. Scientific knowledge: Marble chips erode when they are exposed to acid rain or pollution. Erosion is evident when you look at older marble buildings as in certain cases the erosion take a long time. It is more likely to occur in areas, where there is more pollution. This is because there are a greater number of industries in city than in the countryside
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rate across four different surfaces. The surfaces were wax paper, paper towel, fine sandpaper, and coarse sandpaper. We had to pull the block across each of these surfaces to determine how much force we need to defeat friction. When I pulled the block over the wax paper, it moved with a small amount of force. Paper towel was also in the low range of force. However, with the fine and coarse sandpaper, much more force was required to move the block along. Therefore, the surface that had the lowest amount
Surface Area's Effect on the Way Enzymes Work Introduction I am doing an investigation to see how the amount of surface area affects how a enzyme, Catalase works. Catalase is a biological catalyst which means that is speeds up a reaction itself. I am going to see how much foam is created after 5 minutes, this should show us whether the amount of surface gives a better or worse reaction. My input variable will be the surface area. The potato which contains the Catalase will be cut into
these consist of: * The surface area of the beetroot cylinder * The volume of the beetroot cylinder * The temperate the experiment is done at * The time the beetroot cylinders are left in the water * Amount of water used * Age and condition of beetroot used The independent variable that I will be changing is ‘the temperature the experiment is done at’. Therefore all other variables must be kept constant. I will do this thusly: The surface area of the beetroot cylinder :
theory. I am going to try to get the jelly to dissolve quicker by increasing the surface area. I predit that when increasing the surface area of some jelly, I think each time I change the surface area then the time the jelly dissolves will be increased. I think this because each piece of the jelly I will be using will be small, so in that case there will be less to dissolve, as I think increasing the surface area in any investigation will speed up a reaction. So the smaller the pieces of
investigating heat loss from a container and how it is affected. We could change: Room temperature Surface area Amount of water Use a lid Insulate around it Colour of tin We could measure / observe: Amount of time Temperature We will change: Surface area We will measure / observe: Temperature (every minute for 5 minutes) Our question is: Does surface area effect the rate of heat loss? We will keep these the same: Colour of tin Room temperature
Demonstrating How Surface Area and Volume Affect Heat Loss in Animals Planning ======== Aim: To investigate how surface area and volume of an animal affects the amount of heat lost. Planning a simple procedure =========================== One standard test tube, one boiling test tube, and one centrifuge test tube will be filled with water at 40°C. A thermometer will be placed in each tube to measure the decrease in temperature of the water. This will be timed for 300 seconds
This means that they move faster which in turn means that they collide more often and with more energy. · The surface area of calcium carbonate used in the experiment. Hydrochloric acid particles can collide only with calcium carbonate particles on the surface of the marble chip. Therefore, if the marble chip is crushed into a powder, there will be a larger surface area and therefore more collisions. I have chosen the concentration of hydrochloric acid as the variable that I will
well as the collision theory there are also other factors that will effect how quickly and effectively the reactions take place. The four factors that effect the rate of a chemical reaction are: TEMPERATURE, CONCENTRATION OF ACID, SURFACE AREA OF THE REACTANT and USE OF A CATALYST. Temperature ----------- The higher the temperature of the solution, the faster the rate of reaction, and vice versa. This is because as the solution heats up the particles gain energy and begin
Heat Loss Investigation Aim To investigate how variations in surface area and volume ratios in organisms lead to variations in heat loss and retention. Introduction Large animals have the ability to retain heat more easily than smaller animals because they have a larger surface area to volume ratio. This is the what I am trying to prove in the experiment. There are examples of this in nature. In winter the robin fluffs its wings up in order to retain more heat. When it does this
reactions occurs: CaCO3 + 2HCL = H2O + CO2 This is the reaction we will be investigating. We will be investigating what changes the rate of reaction. A list of variables that could affect the rate of reaction - Temperature - Concentration - Surface Area - Temperature: This variable changes the rate of reaction, when the temperature is increased the rate of reaction is quicker, because the particles have more energy to move around and collide with each other. The more collisions between particles
Chemistry For You by Laurie Ryan, it states "As you increase the concentration of the acid, there are more acid particles in the same volume. Therefore there is a greater chance of acid particles colliding, and reacting with more particles on the surface of the marble." So, this means that the higher the concentration of my acid the faster the reaction. Method I will weigh out one gram of marble chips using a balance and put it in a conical flask and add to it a concentration of 50cm3 using
lower latitudes (Dictionary of Theories 2002). Research has shown there is a correlation of surface area to volume in animals that are located in different parts of the globe. Animals living in a cooler climate have a larger volume, but decreased surface area to retain as much body heat as possible. The inverse is true for animals living in warmer regions; these animals have a smaller volume and larger surface area to allow the body to cool efficiently (McNab 1971). Bergmann’s rule has brought valuable
Osmosis In Potatoes Is Affected By Solution Concentration Aim To investigate how the concentration of a salt and water solution affects the rate of osmosis in a potato. Osmosis Osmosis is the passage of water from an area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration, through a partially permeable membrane (a membrane which allows small molecules like oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, ammonia, glucose etc to pass through, but does not allow larger molecules such
An Experiment To Investigate The Relationship Between Surface Area and Rate Of Reaction Introduction The rate of reaction (reaction velocity) may be defined as the rate of change of concentration of a stated reactant or product. The rate of a reaction is found by measuring the amount of a reactant used up per unit of time or the amount of a product produced per unit of time. A reaction can be made to go faster or slower by changing a number of factors. In order for a reaction to occur certain things