Chemical Terminology, 2009 defines solubility as the proportion of a specific solute in a specific solvent which can also be explained as the analytical composition of a saturated solution. Solubility can also be expressed as the concentration, molality, mole ratio and mole fraction. Solubility is one of the important physicochemical properties affecting the bioavailability of a drug. Bioavailability is the rate and extent of drug absorption. Hence, the drug must first be in solution or solubilized so they
two main factors that effect the rate and absorption of an orally administered drug? With regards to making an orally administered drug, permeability and solubility are two key factors that affect the rate and absorption that is accomplished in the body. Permeability of a compound, is the process accomplished in the GI tract by absorption, usually in a specific segment or when exposed to certain active transporters. Solubility on the other hand, controls the rate that the drug is absorbed and control
Structural crashworthiness involves absorption of kinetic energy by considering designs and materials suitable for controlled and predictive energy absorption. In this process, the kinetic energy of the colliding bodies is partly converted into internal work of the bodies involved in the crash. Crash events are non-linear and may involve material failure, global and local structural instabilities and failure of joints. In addition, strain-rate and inertia effects may play an important role in the
Calcium and Potassium modifications are specialized individual according to a specific disease, age and inadequate amounts of calcium or potassium higher or lower than normal value. Calcium modifications are the results of to low or to high calcium levels. When calcium levels are to low compromises in bone integrity will occur. Adults 50 years of age and older are encouraged to increase calcium intake to help prevent osteoporosis. Patients with thyroid dysfunctions may experience low hormone levels
for the analysis of molecule that can easily interact with the IR radiation. As the given molecule analysis can be interpreted by: Absorption. Emission. Reflection. Mainly IR spectroscopy has many of importance in the field of organic and inorganic chemistry. The functional group can therefore readily identified by their characteristics frequencies of absorption. This makes the IR spectroscopy the most useful means to obtain the structural information about the organic and inorganic molecules
Debenhams starts its history in 1778 when William Clark opened a store, selling expensive fabrics, bonnets and parasols. In 1813 renamed to Clark and Debenhams because William Debenhams invest in the business, and in the following years the firm was profitable from the Victoria fashion. In 1851 Clement Freebody invested in the business and renamed to Debenhams and Freebody. A wholesale business was born, selling cloth to dressmakers and other large retails. In 1905 Debenhams Limited was incorporated
it means there is a much narrower distance for the molecules to pass through. The third way in which the lungs are adapted to increase the rate of diffusion is that both the capillary and the alveolus are made of a semi permeable membrane allowing smaller molecules such as oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass through easily. Fick’s Law is used to measure the rate of diffusion. It explains that for diffusion to take place successfully the surface area needs to be as great as possible and there must be
equilibrium. The general form of a reversible reaction is written below: Initially, the concentration of the reagents decreases. As the concentration decreases, the rate of the forward reaction slows down. Meanwhile, the rate of the reverse reaction continually increases. Eventually, the rate of the forward reaction will equal the rate of the reverse reaction, and even though the reaction is still occurring, the change in concentration is insignificant. The equilibrium expression for the general reaction
3.2 Instrumentation: Instrumentation is the branch of engineering that deals with measurement and control. The instrument that is used for the determination of concentration of trace metals is AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer). The official definition of instrumentation- is a collection of instruments and their application for the purpose of observation, measurement and control [23]. An instrument is a device that measures or manipulates variables such as flow, absorbance
Cost accounting is a structure of determining the costs of services or products. It has fundamentally created to address the issues of administration. It gives exhaustive information about the cost to various levels of administration for proficient execution of their operations. Finance accounting gives data about profit, loss etc., of the combined activities of the business. It doesn't give the information with respect to expenses by departments, products and processes so on. Financial accounting
“Mr. Watson –come here – I want to see you.” These were the first words that Alexander Graham Bell said to his assistant, Thomas A. Watson, by telephone on March 10, 1876. Because people wanted to communicate, they were happy when telephones were introduced. Right now, most people have cell phones (wireless communication technology) which work by radiofrequency exposure in an electromagnetic field. Because cell phones are very important devices in our lives, people use them a lot .Not only do people
subsections of pharmacology, the other being pharmacodynamics. It studies the processes of Liberation Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion of a chemical compound. Pharmacokinetics allows for mathematical practises to be applied to the four processes, and quantify and therefore assess the effect the concentration of a drug has on the body over time. The five parameters of Liberation Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion (LADME for short) are responsible for the changes in concentration
Management accounting 2 Introduction This report will cover an in depth analysis of the Standard Costing system (Absorption Costing), Activity Based Costing (ABC) and it will also cover Activity Based Management (ABM). This report will help to clarify any unreliable sources which have indicated that Absorption Costing is the way forward. This report will investigate the shortcomings of absorption costing, it will also cover other areas such as the benefits and shortcomings of Activity Based Costing (ABC)
chlorophylls (a, b, c and d) have two major absorption bands: blue or blue-green (450 or 475 nm) and red (630-675 nm). Chl a is present in all oxygenic photoautotrophs as part of the core and reaction centre pigment-protein complexes, and in light-harvesting antennae, it is accompanied by Chl b or Chl c. The accessory (antennae) pigments Chl b, c and d extend the range of light absorption. Carotenoids, a large group of biological chromophores, with an absorption range of 400-550 nm, have several roles
nutrients absorption was measured based on growth rate and abundance of cultured phytoplankton Tetraselmis suecica. The results were in the form of p-values and converted to growth coefficients using different tests such as the 2 Sample T-Test and Mann-Whitney Test. Based on p-values and growth coefficients, it was then determined which sets of data were significant different(high nutrient vs. low nutrient & high light vs. low light). This showed that light was the primary factor for growth rate and nutrient
Causes of Photochemical Smog The initial step in photochemical reactions is the absorption of a photon by an atom, molecule, free radical or ion. The result of this absorption is strongly dependent on the energy, in other word the wavelength of the photon. Visible and ultraviolet portion of the light is required to start the photochemical reactions. The absorption can generate dissociation, internal rearrangement, flourescence, or excited species. Photochemical smog can occur in any environment where
Abstract Variable costing and absorption costing produce different net operating income figures and the differences can be quite large Job-order costing and process costing are two common methods for determining unit product costs Ordinarily, variable costing and absorption costing produce different net operating income figures, and the difference can be quite large. absorption costing is the most common approach to product costing throughout the world. absorption costing—the most widely used method
longer by a few years. I found the are “Dietary and nutrition considerations should be grounded in a sense of the overall picture of population health profiles. Some minority populations continue to be affected by hunger, food insecurity, and high rates of low birth weight.8,37,39 Unqualified advice to eat less or to de-emphasize high-calorie foods may be inappropriate in such cases. Non-disease-related causes of death such as violence and accidents and infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and
are generally used in cyclonic area to ensure reinforcement and grouting in the wall. Wider (150 mm wide) bricks are used in walls requiring lower sound transmission, greater fire resistance levels & higher load bearing capacity depending on the specific brick properties. Circular Cavities are made in bricks. Its’ benefits are that they aid in firing process, reduce weight for handling, provide better bond for mortar. Clay brick sizes may vary after they are fired but size variation between units
to analyze the kinetics of the reduction of hexacyanoferrate(III) by ascorbic acid. This reaction mechanism should theoretically produce a graph indicating a second-order reaction. The first step of the experiment was to derive and integrate the rate equation from the proposed mechanism. The results of this derivation can be found in the introduction section of the lab report. For the actual experiment, several absorbance and concentration values were obtained directly from the UV-Vis data and/or