life cycle of O. volvulus is complex, and relies significantly on the blackfly. The life cycle involves many steps that could be interrupted to prevent getting the disease. The life cycle is as follows; 1. During a bite, an infected blackfly (genus Simulium) introduces third-stage larvae onto the skin of the human, where they enter the bite wound 2. In skin tissues the larvae mature into adults, which commonly exist in nodules in skin connective tissues 3. Adults can live in the nodules for approximately
Transmission Onchocerciasis, is transmitted by several bites of an infected Simulium female black fly (CDC, 2013). As a result, from its bite microfilariae contribute to the pathogenesis of O. volvulus through immune response of human host(Sace, 2007). It is equally important, to mention the endosymbiotic bacteria Wolbachia gene. It is found primarily in female microfilariae, has been identified as being the reason for inflammation within the immune system as well as, mast cell development(Andre
The human population continues to flourish and develop each passing year. With growth and expansion, one can expect to have unexpected continued occurrences of individuals being born with certain disabilities or life event to come about which causes a disability; as the population continues to grow, as will the disabled population. Although the medical field has made breakthroughs to decrease diseases, illness, and other foreseen medical conditions, disabilities will continue to arise. Therefore