the dielectric resonator antenna which replaced the simple form of antennas that were being used for the past ten years. These dielectric antenna have been of a great importance to the research work in antenna field as these have a great dielectric constant and higher Q factor than the other isotropic or directive antennas. Earlier these antennas were considered to be energy storage devices but in this paper we have made use of the DRA antennas as radiators. These antennas have been described with
2.4. Rectangular patch antenna Microstrip antenna is also called as a patch antenna. Microstrip patch antenna contains of a two sides. One side is a radiating patch of a dielectric substrate and the other side is the ground plane side as shown in Fig 2.2. Generally, patch antenna consists of materials that have good conducting properties such as Gold and Copper and it can be made any possible shape. Figure 2.2: The simple design of rectangular patch antenna However, in order to simplify analysis
research on radio waves, to us, radio waves were just waves going through the atmosphere, carrying sound from one place to another. Those were our ignorant days! We did not realize the complicated terms and theories involved. In the following report you will see how we advanced in our knowledge of radio waves, and we hope it will do the same for you. Radio waves are a combination of two kinds of electric vibrations. Audio frequency waves, which represent voice and other sounds and radio frequency waves
society, radio is the most widely used medium of broadcasting and electronic communication. Radio can be broadcasted with both microwaves and longer radio waves. These are transmitted in two ways: amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM). Amplitude radio is created by combining a sound wave from a microphone, tape, record, or CD with a "carrier" radio wave. This results in a wave that transmits voice or programming as its amplitude (intensity) increases and decreases. Frequency modulation
Radio Waves In the modern society, radio is the most widely used medium of broadcasting and electronic communication : it plays a major role in many areas such as public safety, industrial manufacturing, processing, agriculture, transportation, entertainment, national defense, space travel, overseas communication, news reporting and weather forecasting. In radio broadcasts, they use the radio waves which can be both microwaves and longer radio waves. These are transmitted in two ways: amplitude
two types of electromagnetic radiation, ionizing radiation and non- ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation is a type of radiation, which has enough electromagnetic energy to knock- out electrons from the atoms in the tissue and change the arrangement of the molecular structure. The two types of ionising radiation is gamma rays, which is smaller than the nucleus of an atom and x-rays, which are a bit bigger than gamma rays. Two types of frequencies that are considered non-ionising are radio frequency
Radio frequency energy is the energy transmitted by sources that can generate electromagnetic fields like TV signals, radio signal, wireless networks and cell phone towers, by using specially designed circuits connected to a an antenna this electromagnetic energy can be harvested and converted into a usable DC voltage. One of the applications of this technology is in radio frequency identification tags in which harvesting device can receives an RF signal from a sensing device; this RF signal can
languages, supported the ability to communicate, providing one of the most essential instincts needed by mankind. For not over than few tens of meters, man’s sheer voice formed the first and simplest humanist wireless communication scheme, where the frequencies produced from the man's throat vibrates the surrounding air molecules and spread to reach the receiver's ear. Man discovered that converting his throat vibrations, and hence his out-coming speech, into a corresponding electrical form could serve
Cell phones represent a type of technology that has been around for more than over fifty years; it has only been recently that many people began to use cell phones as a major part of their everyday life. In the past cell phones were for business people to conduct their business, but in today’s society every one owns a cell phone. Cell phones are interesting, useful and also play a major role in our life’s bringing people closer and keeping in touch with one another. Most people do not know and understand
is normally thought of as wireless sensor networks (WSN) however in this paper we try to elaborate on how BAN works. BAN can take various forms, it incorporates the use of sensors which can be found in, on or around the body and it uses different types of communication. In the following section we shall elaborate on the specific communication architecture used by BAN. Communication Architecture (by Ivy Wainaina) The BAN communication architecture is divided into 3 tiers namely: • Tier 1 – Intra-Ban
the TCP/IP "languages" are used such as FTP, SMTP, HTTP, a... ... middle of paper ... ...untries where there is no Telecom infrastructure onto the net at blazing speed. The technology is here. Works Cited Annex C Reference: Advanced Radio Frequency Theory. Fort Gordon United States Army Ordnance Missile and Munitions Center and School, Ordnance Electronic Maintenance Training Department Harley Hahn The Unix Companion Berkley: McGraw-Hill, 1995 Thomas L. Floyd Electronics Fundamentals
AM VS FM Have you ever wondered why the fm radio in your car has a higher sound quality when compared to the am radio? But why the am radio has a longer range than the fm radio wave? The following extract will cover the wave theory, wave carriers, and modulation in order to give a thorough understanding of am and fm waves and their surrounding concepts. THE WAVE THEORY: The wave theory states that- waves transfer energy from one point to another; however they do so without transferring matter.
Components A basic RFID system consists of three components: An antenna or coil A transceiver (with decoder) A transponder (RF tag) electronically programmed with unique information The antenna emits radio signals to activate the tag and to read and write data to it. Antennas are the conduits between the tag and the transceiver, which controls the system's data acquisition and communication. Antennas are available in a variety of shapes and sizes; they can be built into
The radio is a very important device in our daily living. Although most people do not know what it takes to keep radios working. In a radio there are many elements needed to keep a radio working frequency, resonance and radio waves are all elements needed to power a radio. Frequency means the number of incidence of a repeating event per unit of time. Frequency sends sound signals on a radio wave. FM also stands for frequency modulation. FM and AM are the main chiefs of sending music and words
Applications of PM and FM 1. Radio Transmitting Radio is device that use technology of using radio waves to transfer information, such as sound, by using the properties of electromagnetic energy waves transmitted through space, such as their phase, amplitude, frequency, or pulse width. If radio waves passing an electrical conductor, the oscillating fields induce an alternating current in the conductor. The information in the waves can be get back into its original form. Radio systems must have transmitter
of Satellite Radio While the transition of television to a digital technology with its improved picture and sound quality has been a much publicized and controversial process, television's venerable ancestor, radio, has stayed in the background. But this year, in the United States, radio broadcasting is making its own digital leap. Two start-ups are introducing a new type of radio broadcast--subscription-based digital audio sent from satellites. With satellite digital audio radio services (SDARS)
the BBC In 1920 the first true radio station (KDKA) began regular broadcasting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in the United States. Within two years the number of stations in America reached into the hundreds, concerts were being broadcast regularly in Europe from The Hague, and in Britain, Marconi stations broadcast from Chelmsford, Essex, and then London. It was in Britain that fears over the "chaos of the ether" led to the Post Office and leading radio manufacturers setting up the British
electromagnetic radiation can be radio waves that we use to listen to music, visible light that we use to see or microwaves that we use to cook food with. We deal with all of these types of radiations in our daily lives. RADIO WAVES: Radio waves are used exactly for what it says — radio. They are also the waves responsible for the signals cell phones and televisions receive. Objects in space, such as planets and comets, giant clouds of gas and dust, and stars and galaxies, emit radio waves. MICROWAVE: Microwaves
demand of development of compact antenna to support multiple applications that can be easily integrated within the small space that is available inside the device. In the case of, portable antenna technology has grown along with mobile and cellular technologies. Proper antenna for a device is the most important factor. This will improve transmission and reception of signals, reduce power consumption, long lasting and improve marketability of the device. Antennas used for early portable wireless
Long ago there lived a race of cat people who had much the same problems with antennas that we humans have today: bad reception during the last few seconds of a game, continual snow during their favorite part of their favorite movie, and a severe lack of the "magic position" that one is required to hold when covered in tin foil and grasping the antenna. Unfortunately for them, they did not have this web page to reference and therefore they died. This left an opening for humans. Initially, humans