Polymerization: PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) PVC or Polyvinyl Chloride (Poly (chloroethene)) is a type of plastic used all over the world for a range of things such as pipes, clothing and electrical cables. PVC is considered a thermoplastic resin meaning it resoftens when heated. It’s molecular formula is (C2H3CL)n and is a white powder that’s resistant to oxidation and degradation. However, it can be harmful to the environment but since it’s economically beneficial to many countries this is often overlooked
Recycling means collecting and sorting waste for the purpose of producing new products. In Malaysia, the recycling program was officially introduced on December 2, 2000 and the Ministry of Housing and Local Government (ministry) has determined that the 11 November of each year as National Recycling Day. Recycling process involves a variety of solid waste including plastic. Plastics is the solid waste that cannot be decomposed, so the recycling process of this material can help reduce the quantities
METHODS OF LONG TERM UNDERGROUND STORAGE BY WILLIAM N, NELSON AND STANLEY A. CATLOW Reprinted by the permission of: MAGNUM ENTERPRISES P. O. Box 621 Ephrata, Washington 98823 INDEX Chapter 1....................................4 Above Ground ...........................4 Chapter 2....................................5 Below Ground ...........................5 A. Ammo Cans.......................5 B. Plastic Bags ...................6 C. PVC Pipe........................6 Chapter 3................
Introduction Plastic has found its way into every house and office, it’s found in many home appliances and office equipment. The reason for increased use of Plastic is that it has replaced Glass, wood and metals and it’s relatively cheap. Plastic is thrown away after its use and that creates a huge problem regarding the disposal of the plastic. This has resulted in the need for recycling plastic in order to avoid its disposal and to re-use it. The first time used plastic is known as virgin grade
Plastics and Our Environment Works Cited Missing Plastics today play an important part in cutting-edge technologies such as the space program, bullet-proof vests and prosthetic limbs, as well as in everyday products such as beverage containers, medical devices and automobiles. Recycled plastics are used to make polymeric timbers for use in picnic tables, fences, and outdoor toys, thus saving natural lumber. Plastic from 2-liter bottles is even being spun into fiber for the production of carpet
Purchasing agility equipment can quickly become a major expense. There are several ways that you can build a course right in your own backyard using materials purchased from a hardware supply store. Building your own agility equipment can be a fun and rewarding experience. Once your obstacles are complete and set up, your dog will be able to practice running the course whenever the desire strikes. Big trial coming up? Now you have a place to run your dog and get him in prime condition to take the
The most common form of a primary cell is the Leclanche cell, invented by a French chemist Georges Leclanche in the 1860s. The electrolyte for this battery consisted of a mixture of ammonium chloride and zinc chloride made into a paste. The negative electrode is zinc, and is the outside shell of the cell, and the positive electrode is a carbon rod that runs through the center of the cell. This rod is surrounded by a mixture of carbon and manganese dioxide
strongly affects the rate as you will see in the results, so we have to try and keep it the same throughout the experiment. The reaction we are studying is very easy to monitor and time. All of the products in the solution dissolve into it (sodium chloride, sulphur dioxide and water), apart from sulphur, which makes the solution go cloudy, and forms a precipitate. This can be written down as s-1for example 15.7 s-1means 15.7 per second is the rate of the reaction. The rate is generally measured
specific ingredients in a bouncy ball recipe affect a ball’s bounciness? Background Research: Molecules that are made of recurring chemical units are called polymers. The glue used in this experiment to create bouncy balls contains the polymer polyvinyl acetate (PVA). When this is reacted with Borax, the polymer cross-links to itself. Cornstarch, another major ingredient the bouncy balls, acts as a thickening agent. Hypothesis: If the amount of Borax in the solution is doubled, then the ball will
Reactions Between HCL and Marble Chips Planning I have decided to investigate the effect of different concentrations of hydrochloric acid on marble chips. I want to see how long it takes for 30cm of carbon dioxide to be given off once the acid and marble chips start reacting. I carried out a preliminary experiment to see what sort of time ranges I was going to expect because I wanted to get the concentration levels right otherwise I could have been waiting for a long time. I didn't have
a German chemist, improved Oersted's process by using metallic potassium. He was the first to measure the specific gravity of aluminum and show its lightness. In 1854 Henri Sainte-Claire Deville, in France, obtained the metal by reducing aluminum chloride with sodium. Aided by the financial backing of Napoleon III, Deville established a large-scale experimental plant and displayed pure aluminum at the Paris Exposition of 1855. Aluminum is a lightweight, silvery metal. The atomic weight of aluminum
alkenes, providing enantiomeric excesses that regularly reaching 90% and sometimes exceeding 98% . The chiral manganese complex Jacobsen utilized was [(R,R)-N,N'-Bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2- cyclohexanediaminato-(2-)]-manganese (III) chloride (Jacobsen's Catalyst). (R,R) Jacobsen's Catalyst Jacobsen's catalyst opens up short pathways to enantiomerically pure pharmacological and industrial products via the synthetically versatile epoxy function . In this paper, a synthesis of Jacobsen's
similar to the dry cell we use today. The positive pole is a rode of carbon embedded in a black manganese dioxide (MnO2) and Carbon particles and the negative electrode is made of zinc. The electrolyte consists of a mixture of ammonium chloride and zinc chloride made into a paste. This sits in between the negative and positive electrodes, which acts as an ionic conductor. When the cell is in use, atoms of the Zinc in the outer case are oxidized, giving up electrons and forming zinc ions. Zn
gas that is attained by the electrolysis of sodium chloride solutions. Chlorine salt is found in salt water such as seas, oceans and salt water lakes and in various minerals. The most common mineral of chlorine is the halite (sodium chloride) (McQuarrie, 2007). Similar to fluorine chlorine salts (halides) are beneficial to the human body. A muriatic acid, hydrochloric acid (HCl), is used in the stomach for digestion and the chlorine ion (Chloride, Cl-) is an electrolyte that the body utilizes to send
Our group has chosen industry code 32560 - The Toilet Preparation Manufacturing industry. This is a chemical manufacturing industry, comprises of mainly organizations involved in the “preparing, blending, compounding, and packaging toilet preparations, such as perfumes, shaving preparations, hair preparations, face creams, lotions (including sunscreens), and other cosmetic preparation”(U.S. Census Bureau, n.d).Some big players in this industry includes P&G, L’oreal, Unilever, Estee Lauder. 1.2 Resource
to the solution. The freezing point of H2O becomes lower as more particles are added until the point where the salt can no longer dissolve. For a solution of table salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) in water, this temperature is -23°C with precise laboratory situations. In real conditions, on a pavement or road, sodium chloride can only melt ice down to approximately -14°C, though this is still effective when combatting the ice. Freezing point depression is a colligative property of H2O. Colligative properties
DESCRIPTIVE TITLE The Effect of Different Amounts of Sodium Chloride on the displacement of oxygen. INTRODUCTION The dependability of the rate of an enzyme-mediated reaction is based on two factors: the substrate concentration and the concentration and action of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction (Vander, et. al., 2001). Enzymes are catalysts that produce chemical reactions in cells. Enzymes which are large proteins perform a reaction which acts upon a substance known as a substrate. When
concentration changes on the position of equilibrium Requirements: Potassium thiocyanate, KCNS (0.5g) Iron (III) chloride FeCL3, (0.5g) Ammonium chloride NH4CL, (0.2g) Potassium iodine KI, (0.2g) Sodium hydroxide NaOH, 2M, (1mL0 Acidified hydrogen peroxide H2O2, 20 volume (1mL) Concentrated hydrochloric acid HCL, (0.5mL) Ammonia NH3, 2M, (1mL) Ammonium chloride NH4CL, (2g) Phenolphthalein (1mL) Test tubes and rack White tile Spatula Teat pipette Procedures:
The Effect of Sodium Chloride on a Potato Chip To investigate what happens to a potato chip's weight when placed in different concentrations of Sodium Chloride INTRODUCTION:~ ============== Osmosis is defined as 'the movement of water molecules from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration, across a semi-permeable membrane' (Collins, 1999). A semi-permeable membrane is a membrane that partially allows liquid to pass through. In the case of the experiment
a cloudy liquid of sodium chloride, water, sulphur (this makes the liquid cloudy), and it gives of the gas sulphur dioxide. A precipitate of sulphur is made. Sodium + hydrochloric = sodium + water + sulphur + sulphur Thiosulphate acid chloride dioxide The Chemical reaction happens as the particles collide because they have energy. As they collide they make, sodium chloride, water, sulphur, and sulphur dioxide