King Philip II Augustus of France wasn’t by any means a physically strong individual, but his strengths lay in his grasp of both political and military strategy. He was almost constantly involved in wars from 1180 to 1215. He was fighting his vassals, other kings, both of them together, it didn’t matter; Philip would use political treachery and military tactics to defeat his opponents. When one looks at Philip’s life they notice almost instantly that Philip was constantly fighting someone from the
The Three Crusades There were three Crusades and they all took different routes from western Europe to Palestine. THE FIRST CRUSADE - The first crusade began in A.D. 1095. Pope Urban II mounted a platform outside the church at Clermont, France. The crowd shouted “Deus vult!” in response to the pope’s plea. Knights and peasants alike vowed to join the expedition to the Holy Land. For knights, the Crusade was a welcome chance to employ their fighting skills. For peasants, the Crusade meant freedom
Known as John Lackland (in French, Jean sans Terre), additionally count of Mortain, King John was the child of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, and the more youthful sibling of Richard I. Amid his rule, he was compelled to acknowledge the Magna Carta and lost a large portion of England's land holdings in France. John was Henry's most loved child, however, Henry was not ready to present to him the grounds he had trusted; this is the place John's handle of "Lackland" started. He was given the lordship
Upon the death of King Richard I in 1199 A.D., the only remaining heir to the throne was his younger brother John. Regarded as one of the worst kings of England, John’s reign was no doubt unpopular. As hated as John was, there was no denying that he was a hard worker, competent general and able king. It was not John’s failure as a strategist that made his reign crumble, but rather his underlying character flaws, such as his unyielding cruelty, pettiness and lack of sympathy for his people. John
even more property in France. Finally, in the 13th century, a particularly able French king took most of this land away from the English king. But by the early 14th century, two French provinces, Gascony and Guyenne, were still ruled by the English king, and in 1337 the French king Philip the 6th demanded that these provinces be returned to French control. The English king, Edward the 3rd , did not want to violate the feudal bonds that united all of Europe by defying Philip, his feudal overlord for
Most of the Third Crusade was surrounded by King Richard and his Muslim enemies. King Richard was a brave, warlike king who led his allies and armies into the Third Crusade. By defeating his enemies and gaining a victory for England, King Richard changed the face of the Third Crusade. In the Third Crusade, King Richard’s undefeated war tactics led to England’s victory against the Muslims. After King Richard became king, his first act as king was to build a successful crusader army. When he accomplished
King John, also known as John Lackland, was born in December 24, 1167 and belonged in the High Middle Ages. He was the youngest son of King Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. They had eight sons together. When King II assigned provinces to his sons, King John received no share, which is why people in England stared to refer him as John Lackland. King Henry II died then his older brother, King Richard inherited the kingdom. Not long after he mysteriously died then King John inherited the throne. King
England and France were evolving in the 1000s, while the Holy Roman Empire and papacy were engaged in their struggle. Strong monarchy came earlier to England than to France, and it was the English who were most successful in dictating constitutional limits on the crown. English parliamentary and French royal absolutism are both rooted in the High Middle Ages. Since the end of England’s Anglo-Saxon period came to and end in 1066, France and England were involved with each other until the mid-sixteenth
The palace of Versailles was built by Louis XIV of France (1643-1715), and the Escorial was built by Philip II of Spain (1556-1598). By examining the aerial and frontal facades of these two palaces, it may be seen that there were many similarities and differences between the two kings’ perception and practice of monarchy. Each king set his own goals for his life, and concluded as to how a monarch ought to behave. Both Louis XIV and Philip II had religious duties to pay attention to, organized the
Religion, from 1554 to 1648, the actions of Elizabeth I, Henry IV, Louis XIII, and Philip II all demonstrated their worthiness to be considered great rulers. Elizabeth I of England defeated the Spanish Armada, the strongest naval power the world had ever seen. Henry IV of France took many steps that eventually led to a religious agreement in France. Louis XIII of France left France as a major European power. Philip II of Spain made Spain very rich and powerful during the height of his reign. Elizabeth
In 1469 King Ferdinand II of Aragon married Queen Isabella I of Castile. Together they had a daughter named Joanna I of Castile. King Ferdinand then overthrew and conquered the Kingdom of Granada, doing so King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella united the three kingdoms of Aragon, Castile and Granada into one called España or Spain in English. Queen Isabella died and King Ferdinand passed on the crown to Joanna. Joanna’s husband Philip I of Castile desperately wanted the spanish crown and therefore
authority above him, beside God. Absolutist rulers, Louis XIV of France and Philip II of Spain,
The Hundred Years War The Hundred Years’ War was a war between England and France in which France defended its’ crown against British rule. This war had a great impact on the people of each country. The origin of the war goes back to the conquest of William for England. In 1066 William, the Duke of Normandy, led an army into England. He won this battle and became the king of England. This was possible under feudalism. Feudalism is a form of social classification in which the members of
eleven years his senior. This political marriage gave Spain an indirect influence on affairs of England, recently restored to Catholicism; but in 1555 Philip was summoned to the Low Countries, and Mary's death in the same year severed the connection between the two countries. At a solemn conference held at Brussels, 22 Oct., 1555, Charles V ceded to Philip the Low Countries, the crowns of Castille, Aragon, and Sicily, on 16 Jan., 1556, and the countship of Burgundy on the tenth of June. He even thought
between King Philip IV of France and Pope Boniface VIII represented a time in medieval Europe as nations sought to consolidate power under the monarch of the country. However, Pope Boniface VIII opposed this change in Europe, instead trying to maintain the great influence the papacy had reached under the rule of Pope Innocent III almost 100 years before. Another factor in the feud were the constant disputes between France and England, which required a large amount of money to fund. King Philip IV helped
countries were at one point allied against France, however, their bond began to deteriorate due to differences in foreign policy and leadership. The relation between Spain and England began to deteriorate due to differences in foreign policy and leadership. As for foreign policy, one could argue that foreign policy brought the two together. However this is not the case in the long run.
be addressed. This investigation will focus on the time period of 1189 to 1192 CE, and the places being investigated will include the Middle East, Egypt, and Europe. This investigation will explore the impact of Saladin, King Henry II of England, King Philip II of France, and King Richard I of England. This will be accomplished through a thorough examination of the books God’s
theatrical film The Lion In Winter stars Peter O’Toole as King Henry II, and Katharine Hepburn as his wife, Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine. Adapted from his stage play of the same title, author James Goldman provides a fictional, but plausible, account of intra-family deceit and political conniving within the large and powerful Angevin Empire, which spanned much of the land that is now Britain, and much of what is now Northeastern France, within the medieval world. Directed and edited by Anthony Harvey
crisis in government when King Charles II died and left no heir. Various relatives from France, Austria, Britain and the Netherlands claimed a right to the throne. French Bourbon King Louis XIV installed his grandson, Philip of Anjou, as the Spanish king in 1700, resulting in the other claimants starting a war
were Richard I of England (also known as Richard the Lionhearted), King Philip II of France, and the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. The Crusade began when the new Pope, Gregory VIII, declared that the capture of Jerusalem was punishment for sins committed Christians across Europe. A new Crusade to reclaim the Holy Land for the Christians was called for, and Henry II of England and Philip II of France ended the conflict between them to raise money to finance the campaign.