Learning disabilities are considered to be neurobehavioral disorders (Stewart 2002 p. 4). These disorders are classified as an abnormality in the way that the brain processes information (Stewart 2002 p. 4). It should be noted that neurobehavioral disorders are not considered intellectual disabilities, but rather a difference in cognition, as well as difficulties in the way an individual understands outside stimuli and how the person interacts with the world (Stewart 2002 p. 4). Though learning disorders
words learning disability they think of dyslexia dysgraphia, or dyscalculia. On the other hand, in some cases some individuals have difficulty with social skills, and understanding nonverbal cues. Moreover, let’s say the same individual can read beyond his/her grade level but is unaware of the main idea or other important aspects of the story. All of the things that were stated are signs of nonverbal learning disorder (NVLD). According to Rourke (1989) non-verbal learning disorder is a
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Introduction Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), once called hyperkinesis or minimal brain dysfunction, is one of the most common mental disorders among children. (Elia, Ambrosini, Rapoport, 1999) It affects 3 to 5 percent of all children, with approximately 60% to 80% of these children experiencing persistence of symptoms into adolescence and adulthood, causing a lifetime of frustrated dreams and emotional pain. There are two types of attention
benefit a wide variety of people. People suffering from auditory processing problems, dyslexia, attention deficit disorder, autism, and learning disorders can improve their communication and social behavior by auditory stimulation, which can eliminate or reduce the severity of the disorder. This is based on the belief that the symptoms of these disorders are not caused by the disorder itself, but by a sensory regulation problem that begins in our most primordial sensory instrument, the inner ear
out kids who can barely function in society? Are the elementary school teachers at fault because they pass students to the next grade level when they are incapable of putting their simplest ideas on paper? Or is it biological, stemming from learning disorders or brain damage? All of these forces affect our country's inability to read. (Level 1-minimal level of competence; Level 2-barely literate; up to Level 5-"advanced level"; 3% of all adults scored Level 5; McGuinness, p. 9-10) The possibility
Learning Disabilities Eleven-year-old Anna is outgoing and bright. She attempts to work hard, but her progress in school has always been slow. She is a year behind her peers, particularly in her English class and her teachers have slowly begun to reduce their expectations of her. Her parents are worried because her confidence for learning is decreasing, and there is less motivation for her to do homework and class assignments. A psychologist found that her intelligence is in the gifted range
Learning disabilities are a group of disabilities that can affect a person’s ability to receive, process, store, and respond to information. These difficulties cannot be explained by health, culture, or environmental factors. There are many students in schools with these leaning disabilities in both the academic and non-academic settings that are getting overlooked. The students that are most commonly being overlooked are those that suffer from Nonverbal Learning Disabilities (NVLD). In 1967, Helmer
Autism is defined as a pervasive developmental disorder in which the patients have severe impairments in social interaction, including verbal and non-verbal communication and general cognitive development. According to the DSM-IV Autism Spectrum Disorders are characterized by developmental delays in children when dealing with socialization and communication, along with restricted, repetitive and stereotypical patterns of behavior. Those with autism display the inability to communicate with the
children. These include verbal, nonverbal, and listening. Verbal communication is used with a child who is one to talk. A child must feel comfortable talking about their problems in order for verbal communication to work. This communication skill is used the least do to the fact that many children have been hurt and unwilling to relive the pain by communicating. Verbal communication can sometimes take years for a child. The second type of communication is nonverbal. This communication skill is very
Mele-McCarthy, Cutting, Leos, & D'Emilio, 2005). School achievement is lower for these group of children than many other groups and they tend to raise the questions about learning problems and consider special education evaluations. Historically psychologists have used standardized testing instruments to assess and measure ability. The use of nonverbal tests provides an organized way to gather a great deal of information regarding an examinee’s cognitive ability in an efficient manner. Psychologists who work
The purpose of the case study is to offer intervention strategies to assist a Caucasian student with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Karly was referred for a speech and hearing evaluation because of her communication difficulty. Karly is a sixteen-year old female. She was born three weeks premature weighing 2 lbs., 10 oz., with respiratory distress, and she had to stay in a neonatal hospital for six weeks. She is the middle child of two brothers. She began receiving intervention services at 12 months
What is Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD)? It is a pervasive neuron-developed mental condition that affects communication skills, behavior, and interactions with others; Spectrum reflects the immeasurable challenges and strength each person with autism acquire. People with ASD have difficulties understanding simple everyday behaviors and actions such as driving or carrying on a conversation. This disorder affects the person diagnosed tremendously but also the friends and family surrounding this person’s
language and mind, and second language learning. First language acquisition concerns the acquisition process of children in the first language. Language and mind, concern everything which is connected to the relation of language and mind, how language is used, language structures and human brain. Meanwhile, second language learning concerns people in inquiring the second
with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), autism is defined as a developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction that adversely affects a child’s educational performance, generally evident before age three. Some symptoms of verbal and nonverbal communication include but are not limited to: delay in, or lack of learning to talk, problems taking steps to start a conversation or to keep a conversation going, use of repeated language (which is
condition it is a spectrum of disorders ( Chung, 2014). Autism can define as a large continuum from very severe of nonverbal to not as severe known as a smart scientist (Grandin, 2013). The disorder refers to a range of conditions with a struggle in social skills, nonverbal communication, but as strengths in many areas like artistic and mathematics. Those who have autism tend to think outside of the box the world tends to live in that is why is hard to comprehend the disorder. 2. What does cause Autism
this psychology class, I have learned about the different types of psychology. Before this class I always thought psychology was only the study of emotions. Later in the class I learned00 that psychology can be the study of the brain, emotions, disorders, and many others. Since I took this class I don’t understand how many people can get a psychologist and psychiatrist confused. A psychologist can have a Ph.D. or a Ed.D. A psychologists can be broken down into two categories such as research and
intellectual disability is a disability in which is characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual use and in adaptive behavior. Intellectual functioning is also referred to as intelligence, which means the general mental capacity, such as learning, reasoning, problem solving etc. Adaptive behavior is seen is the collection of conceptual, social, and practical
Autism Spectrum spectrum disorders (ASD) have many common characteristics and symptoms, yet each person with ASD has their own set of gifts and struggles which may greatly differ from their peers. Autism spectrum disorders have a wide variety of signs, symptoms, traits and characteristics that can range from mild impairments to severe disabilities. Each person with autism is unique and may have different traits than the person next to them who also has autism. As stated on Ascend, “if you’ve met
possible attending and learning problems, and complex family dynamics. SOURCES OF INFORMATION: Background information was obtained from his mother, his previous social worker, former psychologist, and numerous psychological, educational and medical reports. This information was obtained from interview, developmental history and rating scales as well as medical records. This information appears to be from reliable sources and valid. Current status of his learning and behavior was obtained
Introduction Autism, or autism spectrum disorder, issue, alludes to a scope of conditions described by challenges with social abilities, monotonous practices, discourse and nonverbal correspondence, and in addition by remarkable qualities and contrasts. Autism spectrum disorder falls under the developmental disability category. We now realize that there is not one type of autism but rather many sorts, caused by various mixes of hereditary and natural impacts. there is no cure of autism yet but there