(The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013). Ibuprofen belongs to a class of drugs known as Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and is available as a Prescription only Medicine (POM), over the counter as a Pharmacy (P) medicine and in retail outlets as a General Sales List Medicine (GSL) (Royal Pharmaceutical Society, 2013). NSAIDs reduce temperature (antipyretic), are painkillers (analgesic) and have anti-inflammatory properties (Joint Formulary Committee, 2013). Figure 1 shows the chemical
Introduction- What is Etoricoxib? Etoricoxib, also known as Arcoxia1, is more commonly known as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), or as a cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitor (COX-2). Therapeutically, it is specified for the ‘symptomatic relief” of conditions such as osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis2,3, and overall for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Arthritis is a chronic disease affecting up to ten million people in the UK. Approximately
SELECTION OF DRUG Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, widely used in the management of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Usual therapeutic dose is 100 mg twice daily and half life is 3-4 hrs; thus it is necessary to be administered frequently in order to maintain the desired concentration. Therefore, Aceclofenac is an ideal candidate for sustained release formulation, resulting in more reproducible drug absorption and reducing the risk of local irritations
Definition of the condition: Chronic Pain is described as a long lasting pain that people experience beyond a normal healing time (Hasenbring, Rusu & Turk, 2012). This time is usually up to three or six months prior to an incident (Hasenbring, Rusu & Turk, 2012). Chronic back pain can include common diagnosis of muscle spasms, back strain, or myofasical syndrome (Weiner & Nordin, 2010). There are three different types of chronic back pain; simple musculoskeletal back pain, spinal nerve root pain
If you suspect that you have bursitis, you will probably seek the advice of a doctor. Most likely the doctor will look at your medical history and take some x-rays. If you are diagnosed with bursitis the doctor may prescribe some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and/or pain relievers and may make some cortisone injections into the bursa to relieve inflammation. Once at home you are expected rest the affected area as much as possible and to apply RICE ( rest, ice, compression and elevation of
Ninety percent of Americans have experienced a headache at some point in their lives. Only four percent of the entire Earth’s population has never experienced a headache. This is not surprising since there are so many different types of headaches. The two major groups of headaches are primary and secondary. The primary headache group consists of Tension Type Headaches, Migraines, and Cluster Headaches. The secondary headache group consists of Cervicogenic Headaches, Posttraumatic Headache Syndrome
Due to the nature of the Transmission process there are many different chemical factors that can affect the transfer of nerve signals to the nociceptors, this can include drug intervention. Analgesics or painkillers generally fall into three main medicine groups, Paracetamol, Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS) or Opioids, all three painkillers can be taken selectively together as they all treat pain differently (Whitehall, 2015). Opioids work by attaching to opioid receptors in
Migraines are one of the most common, episodic disorders, in which the patient experiences a severe headache that may also accompany with nausea, and/or light and sound sensitivity. Migraine pain can be mild to severe in intensity and can last four to seventy hours (Buttaro, Trybulski, Bailey, and, Sandberg-Cook, 2013). It usually has a preliminary period in which patients can experience tiredness, decreased concentration, irritability, and noticeable yawning. Warning signs like these may occur
than osteoarthritis and is estimated to affect around one per cent of the world’s population. Amongst patients of Rheumatoid arthritis, women are three times more likely to be affected by this condition than men. This condition is caused by an inflammatory process where the body starts attacking itself. Rheumatoid arthritis also affects several joints, with inflammation sometimes seen in and around the lungs, the heart, the eyes and the skin. The most commonly reported complaint by arthritis patients
How many mg of Percocet is prescribed to Mrs. Dettinger? I would question why the acetaminophen and Percocet medications are both prescribed, because the Percocet already contains the ingredients of APAP and has enough; so adding the APAP can increase the patient’s risk of liver damage. Even though, the patient states she is taking Percocet’s but she never mentioned taking the APAP; which is good because taking APAP with Percocet can increase her likelihood of an overdose. I would reassess the
action of a drug is based on its guna, veerya, vipaaka and prabhaava. These as themselves or as combinations determine the status of drug action in the body .Fate of the drug always depends on rasapancaka and it goes in line with modern pharmacodynamics.[7] Besides that the drug action also depends the action of agni on that particular drug.Most of the Ayurvedic drugs act only after absorption and are said to have systemic or general action. Many a time, the term ‘action’ and ‘effect’ of a drug are used
15 years” (Pray, 2014). Making headaches one of the top complaints patients have when visiting the doctor's office. Due to the wide spectrum of headaches it is important for a patient to know when the option of self treatment with over the counter drugs is relevant, and when it is time to seek further medical care by a physician. The patient can make this decision by first knowing what kind of headache they are having, which will allow them to make the call of what to do next in terms of treatment
Studies have shown that patients suffering from migraines are at an increase risk of developin... ... middle of paper ... ...11–221. 4. Henderson, L., Yue, Q. Y., Bergquist, C., Gerden, B., & Arlett, P. (2002). St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum): drug interactions and clinical outcomes. British journal of clinical pharmacology. 2002; 54(4):349-356. 5. Ashkenazi A, Silberstein S. Menstrual migraine: a review of hormonal causes, prophylaxis and treatment. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2007 Aug;8(11):1605-13
because many people in society use over the counter pain killers without really understanding any of the long term effects of this medicine other than clearing their aches pains, and swelling. One of the leading drugs on the market today is Ibuprofen which you may know as Motrin or Advil. Both drugs are identical except for quantity and price, and even there it might be the same. The organism I chose to work with is a crustacean called the Daphnia. Later in this report I will attempt to explain the significance
shown to be very effective: Anti-inflammatory effects Ginger has been known to have tremendous anti-inflammatory effects. It contains gingerols, which is a potent anti-inflammatory compound that is believed to reduce the pain levels for people who have arthritis. Ginger also helps in improving the mobility of arthritic patients particularly does who are suffering from osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. In studies conducted in patients who responded to conventional drugs and those who didn’t, researchers
These medications may include cardiovascular drugs, anti-depressants, anti-seizure drugs, botox, and pain relievers. 2. Keep in mind that the migraine sufferer does not have to have any of these conditions to take them to prevent their migraines. C. Making lifestyle changes to avoid certain environmental triggers may
Arthritis What is the health problem? Most common types of arthritis: Osteoarthritis (OA), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA), Fibromyalgia and Gout Arthritis is a joint pain or disease, that can also carry other side effects Joint arthritis symptoms include: swelling and pain, and an overall decrease in mobility Physical appearances may also be affected, and in some cases of joint arthritis, one might experience slightly bulky knuckles and joints Arthritis can also affect other
What is a migraine? A migraine is extreme pain in your head that can cause you to see different things. Usually migraines happen on one side of the head. Headaches are different for every person. The pain in migraines are extremely painful. All though every person that gets migraines has different experiences with pain. People that have migraines often may experience different symptoms every time they get a migraine. Migraines have been a life changing thing to many people. They are more common in
certain drugs play a critical role in triggering lupus. Managing lupus is different from person to person. Individuals with lupus can usually live a normal life span. Medications are usually prescribed to patients, although treatment is not required at all times, but most patients will undergo some treatment. Some medications that are often prescribed for people with lupus are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), acetaminophen, corticosteroids, antimalarials and immunomodulating drugs. The
is an inflammation of a joint. A joint is a place where two or more bones come together. When arthritis occurs, the lining around the joint becomes inflamed. When inflammation occurs, our body will automatically use its inflammatory response to solve the problem. The inflammatory responds mobilize the body’s defense, isolates